1、Designation: E787 81 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Specification forDisposable Glass Micro Blood Collection Pipets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E787; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two dimension
3、ally differentdisposable glass micropipets used primarily to collect wholehuman blood specimens for clinical analysis and testing. Theyare available as coated with heparin or uncoated.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E438 Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 D
4、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 disposable micropipetsin accordance with thisspecification and the expected product performance expressedin this standard, those pipets which are to be used one timeonly. Any institution or individual who reuses a disposablepipet must bear full res
5、ponsibility for its safety and effective-ness.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers two dimensionally differentdisposable glass pipets as follows:4.1.1 Short PipetApproximately 75 mm long and coatedwith heparin (Type I) or uncoated (Type II). These arecommercially recognized as Caraway pipe
6、ts.34.1.2 Long PipetApproximately 150 mm long and coatedwith heparin (Type I) or uncoated (Type II). These arecommercially recognized as Natelson pipets.45. Materials and Manufacture5.1 GlassThe pipets shall be fabricated from borosilicateglass, Type I, Class B, or soda lime glass, Type II, inaccord
7、ance with Specification E438.5.2 Heparinshall be the ammonium salt isolated from thelungs or intestinal mucosa of beef or pork origin. The heparinpotency shall be 1 mg of ammonium heparin compound whichis equal to at least 100 USP units.56. Physical Requirements6.1 DesignThe disposable glass micro b
8、lood collectionpipets, both short and long, shall be straight and pulled to atapered point at one end. Any cross section of the pipets, takenin a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, shall becircular. The pipets shall be lightly firepolished at both endswith no run-in and possess color band
9、s to denote presence orabsence of heparin content.6.2 Dimensions:6.2.1 The short Caraway pipet shall be approximately 75mm long and 4 mm in outside diameter. The pipet shall hold aliquid volume of 310 to 470 L. The tapered point length andtip orifice opening shall be as specified in Fig. 1.6.2.2 The
10、 long Natelson pipet shall be approximately 150mm long and 3 mm in outside diameter. The pipet shall hold aliquid volume of 220 to 420 L. The tapered point length andtip orifice opening shall be as specified in Fig. 2.6.3 WorkmanshipThe pipets, as illustrated in Fig. 1 andFig. 2, shall be free of de
11、fects that noticeably detract from theirappearance or impair their serviceability. They shall be free oflint, or significant foreign matter, loose or embedded whenviewed under normal room lighting. The top and tip ends of thepipets shall be cut at approximately 90 to the pipet axis andshall not be c
12、racked or have jagged ends or chips that enter thebore of the pipet.6.4 Color CodingEach disposable glass micro blood col-lection pipet shall be color-coded to identify the pipet. Theheparin-coated pipet (Type 1) shall have a red color band. The1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
13、ommittee E41 onLaboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 onApparatus.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E787 81 (2006)1.DOI: 10.1520/E0787-81R11.2For referenced ASTM
14、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Caraway, W. T., and Fanger, H., “Ultramicro Procedures In Clinical Chemis-try,” A
15、merican Journal of Clinical Pathology , 25, 1955, pp. 316331.4Natelson, S., Ph.D., Micro-Techniques of Clinical Chemistry, Charles C.Thomas, Springfield, Ill., 1961, p. 70.5The United States Pharmacopeia, 19th Revision, pp. 229230.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
16、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.uncoated pipet (Type 2) shall have a blue color band. Thelocation of these color bands shall be as specified in Fig. 1 andFig. 2.6.5 CapillaryThe pipets, both short and long, shall becapable of drawing sheep plasma or human whole blood thefull length of
17、the pipet when tested as specified in 7.1.6.6 Fluidity (Type 1, Heparinized, only)Coagulation ofthe sheep plasma or human whole blood shall not be evidentwhen viewed under normal room lighting and tested asspecified in 7.2.6.7 Lot or Control NumberA lot or control number shallbe indicated on the int
18、ermediate and outer package of pipets.This lot or control number shall be traceable to the origin (rawmaterial glass and heparin purchases) of the manufacturingrecord.6.8 Resistance to Centrifugal Forces The pipets, bothshort and long, may be subject to centrifugal force undernormal analysis or test
19、 procedures. No breakage shall resultwhen tested as specified in 7.3.6.9 Heparin Coating (Type 1, Heparinized, only)Theinner surface of the short and long pipets shall be evenly coatedwith ammonium heparin. A minimum of 5.0 units of heparinactivity shall be present in the tube when tested as specifi
20、ed in6.4. A statement on expected units of heparin and an expirationdate may be claimed by the manufacturer. This option may beexpressed on the pipet package label.7. Test Methods7.1 Capillarity TestTest the pipets, both short and long,for capillarity when held at a near horizontal level. The pipets
21、shall fill with sheep plasma or human whole blood within amaximum of 30 s.7.1.1 When using a sealant or plastic closure, the pipetsshould not be filled completely to allow for dry space whichwill be occupied by the sealant or closure. This step should aidin preventing pipet leakage when handled or c
22、entrifuged.7.2 Fluidity TestTest the pipets, both short and long, forfluidity by using sheep plasma (6.3) or human whole blood(6.4).7.3 Sheep Plasma Test:7.3.1 GeneralConduct the test initially by preparing re-calcified sheep plasma by the following process:7.3.1.1 Prepare sheep plasma in accordance
23、 with the USPassay for sodium heparin.Add 10 mLof prepared sheep plasmato 2.0 mL of the 1.0 % calcium chloride solution used in theheparin assay. Mix the sheep plasma and calcium chloridesolution well.7.3.2 Preparation of ControlsUse samples of both theplain sheep plasma and recalcified sheep plasma
24、 as controls inaccordance with the following:7.3.2.1 Positive ControlFill an uncoated (that is, non-heparinized) pipet with recalcified sheep plasma.7.3.2.2 Negative ControlFill a coated (that is, heparin-ized) pipet with plain sheep plasma.7.3.3 ProcedureImmediately after the preparation of re-calc
25、ified sheep plasma, fill the pipets by immersing the tips inthe recalcified sheep plasma while holding the pipets near thehorizontal level to facilitate quick filling. Rock the pipetseveral times to assure intimate mixing of plasma with heparinon inner surface of capillary tube. Place the pipets in
26、ahorizontal position. At the end of 1 h, inspect the pipetscontaining plasma for evidence of coagulation by carefullyscoring and snapping off segments of tubing and placing themon a flat surface. (Use a black background to facilitateobservation and comparison with control sample.) Coagulationhas occ
27、urred if the sheep plasma becomes opaque or if a finefibrin thread is noted.7.4 Human Whole Blood Test:7.4.1 GeneralHuman whole blood may be used instead ofsheep plasma by following the steps outlined as follows:7.4.1.1 Fill the pipets with freshly drawn whole blood byimmersing the tips in the blood
28、 while holding the pipets nearthe horizontal level to facilitate quick filling.7.4.1.2 Fill the pipets to within 5 mm from the top (color-coded end) or to approximately 100 mm from the tip on thelonger (Natelson) pipet that may be so marked and place in ahorizontal position.7.4.1.3 At the end of 1 h
29、, expell the blood by means of anaspirator and drain on a clean white tissue.7.4.1.4 Examine the expelled blood with the naked eyeunder normal room lighting (macroscopically) for the presenceof clotting. Coagulation has occurred if a clot of any size isnoted.7.4.2 ControlsThe testing laboratory shal
30、l use a knowndonor that does not have clotting mechanism deficiencies as acontrol. Use samples of whole blood as controls in accordancewith the following:7.4.2.1 Positive ControlFill an uncoated (that is, non-heparinized) pipet with human whole blood and run during thetest to ensure the suitability
31、of the specimens clot formation.7.4.2.2 Negative ControlFill a coated tube (heparinized)from a group of known quality with human whole blood andrun during the test to ensure the suitability of the specimensCapacity: 310 to 470 LCoding: Red band-heparin-coated (Type I)Blue band-uncoated (Type II)Dime
32、nsions in millimetresA Overall length 7377B Outside diameter 3.904.20C Inside diameter 2.402.80D Inside tip diameter 0.701.50E Length of taper 612F Color band location 010FIG. 1 Caraway PipetE787 81 (2011)2clot formation from other than lack of heparin (that is,improper technique or specimen handlin
33、g).7.5 Resistance to Centrifugal Force TestFill the pipets,both long and short, with water, sheep plasma, or human wholeblood; then seal and suspend in a centrifuge. Accelerate thecentrifuge gradually to a speed of 1000 to 1250 RCF.Allow thecentrifuge to run at this speed for 10 min only; then shut
34、off andallow to stop without using the brake.7.6 Heparin Content TestDetermine the heparin contentin the micro blood collection pipets by the method for assayingsodium heparin specified in the latest edition of the UnitedStates Pharmacopeia (USP), or other acceptable methodologythat will correlate a
35、nd provide equivalent test results. Theresults obtained shall represent the average heparin content onthe inner surfaces of the pipets tested. No heparin from theoutside of the pipets surface shall enter the test sample.8. Keywords8.1 blood; disposable; glass; heparin; micro; pipetASTM International
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37、n responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be ad
38、dressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, a
39、t the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585
40、 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).Capacity: 220 to 420 LCoding: Red band-heparin-coated (Type I)Blue band-uncoated (Type II)Dimensions in millimetresA Overall length 145155B Outside diameter 2.803.10C Inside tip diameter 0.751.30D Length of taper 612E Color band location 010 topF Alternative location 100 6 1 from tipG Inside diameter 1.301.80FIG. 2 Natelson PipetE787 81 (2011)3
