1、Designation: E 791 08Standard Test Method forCalculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analyticaldata from the application of RDF analyses proced
3、ures to beexpressed on various different bases in common use. Suchbases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of th
4、esafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 5681 Terminology for Waste
5、 and Waste Management3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology D 5681.3.2 Symbols:3.2.1 The symbols used in this test method are as follows:M = moisture, weight %,Mar= moisture as-received (total moisture), weight %,Mad= moisture as-determined (residual
6、 moisture,weight %,ADL = air-dry loss, weight %,P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight %(except gross calorific value in Btu/lb),H = hydroxygen, weight %,O = oxygen, weight %, andA = ash, weight %.3.2.2 Subscripts used in this test method are as follows:a d= as-determined,ar= as-received,d
7、= dry, anddaf= dry, ash-free (equivalent to moisture and ash-free,maf).4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is available to producers and users ofRDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis toanother.5. Applicable Parameters5.1 The calculation procedures defined in 7.1.3, 7.2.2, a
8、nd7.3.2 are applicable to the following analysis parameters whenexpressed as a weight percent (except gross calorific value asBtu/lb).5.1.1 Ash,5.1.2 Carbon,5.1.3 Chloride, water-soluble,5.1.4 Chlorine, total,5.1.5 Calorific value (gross),5.1.6 Fixed carbon,5.1.7 Nitrogen,5.1.8 Sulfur, and5.1.9 Vola
9、tile matter.6. Sampling6.1 Sampling techniques are not directly applicable to thistest method. However, sampling procedures are identified inthe respective methods of analyses.7. Methods for Calculating Data7.1 Converting from the as-determined analysis samplebasis to the as-received basis:7.1.1 Moi
10、sture:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.02 onMunicipal Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition appro
11、ved in 2004 as E 791 90(2004).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Mar5 Mad3 100 2 ADL!/100 1 ADL (1)7.1.2 Hydrogen and OxygenInasmuch as hydrogen andoxygen values may be reported on the basis of containing ornot containin
12、g the hydrogen and oxygen in water (moisture)associated with the sample, alternate conversion procedures aredefined as follows:7.1.2.1 Hydrogen and oxygen reported include hydrogenand oxygen in water:Har5FHad2 0.1119 Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 MadG1 0.119 Mar(2)Oar5FOad2 0.8881 Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 MarG1
13、0.881 Mar(3)where:0.1119 = ratio of the weight of hydrogen in water tothe molecular weight of water, and0.8881 = ratio of the weight of oxygen in water to themolecular weight of water.7.1.2.2 Hydrogen and oxygen reported do not include hy-drogen and oxygen in water:Har5 Had2 0.1119 Mad! 3100 2 Mar10
14、0 2 Mad(4)Oar5 Oad2 0.881 Mad! 3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(5)7.1.3 Other Parameters The following equation is appli-cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Par5 Pad3100 2 Mar100 2 Mad(6)7.2 Converting from the as-determined analysis samplebasis to the dry basis:7.2.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:Hd5 Had2 0.1119 Ma
15、d! 3100100 2 Mad(7)Od5 Oad2 0.881 Mad! 3100100 2 Mad(8)7.2.2 Other Parameters The following equation is appli-cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Pd5 Pad3 100/100 2 Mad! (9)7.3 Converting from the as-determined analysis samplebasis to the dry, ash-free basis (see Note 1).7.3.1 Hydrogen and Oxy
16、gen:Hdaf5 Had2 0.1119 Mad! 3100100 2 Mad2 Aad(10)Odaf5 Oad2 0.8881 Mad! 3100100 2 Mad2 Aad(11)7.3.2 Other Parameters The following equation is appli-cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:Pdaf5 Pad3100100 2 Mad2 Aad(12)NOTE 1It may not always be practical to report some parameters ona dry, ash-fr
17、ee basis due to oxidation of constituents as well as someelements being retained in the ash. The data calculated are to a theoreticalbase of no moisture or ash present in the sample.8. Conversion Chart8.1 To convert any of the analysis values for the parameterslisted in 5.1 from one basis to another
18、, multiply the given valueby the value shown in the appropriate column in Table 1.8.2 Hydrogen and oxygen on the as-determined basis in-clude hydrogen and oxygen in free water (moisture) associatedwith the analysis sample. However, hydrogen and oxygenvalues reported on other moisture-containing base
19、s may bereported either as containing or not containing the hydrogenand oxygen in water (moisture) reported on that basis. Con-version procedures are shown in Table 2.9. Sample Calculations9.1 An example of analysis data tabulated for a hypotheticalRDF on various bases is shown in Table 3.10. Report
20、ing of Results10.1 Report the results of the proximate and ultimateanalysis based on the example shown in Table 3.TABLE 1 Conversion ChartNOTE 1 To convert any of analyses values for the parameters listed in 5.1 from one basis to another, multiply the given value by the value shownin the appropriate
21、 column.E79108210.2 To avoid ambiguity and to provide a means forconversion of data to other than the reported basis, it isessential that an appropriate moisture and ash content be givenin the data report.10.3 If hydrogen or oxygen data, or both, are reported on anas-received basis (or any other moi
22、sture basis), a footnote orsome other means shall be employed in the report to indicatewhether the values reported do or do not include hydrogen andoxygen in the moisture associated with the sample.TABLE 2 Procedures for Converting As-Determined Values to Other BasesTABLE 3 Standard Reporting Form A
23、nalyses Data of RDFAs-DeterminedAs-ReceivedDry BasisDry, Ash-FreeBasisHarand OarincludeH and O in sampleMarHarand Oardo notinclude H and O insample MarAir dry loss, % 18.69 . . . .Residual moisture (Mad), % 2.15 . . . .Total moisture (Mar), % . 20.44 20.44 . .Ash, % 20.68 16.82 16.82 21.14 .Volatile
24、 matter, % 62.29 50.65 50.65 63.66 80.73Fixed carbon, % 14.88 12.09 12.09 15.20 19.27Total, proximate 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00Total, moisture, % . . 20.44 . .Ash, % 20.68 16.82 16.82 21.14 .Carbon, % 39.66 32.25 32.25 40.53 51.40Hydrogen, % 5.12 6.25 3.97 4.99 6.32Nitrogen, %0.60 0.60 0.49
25、 0.49 0.61 0.78Chlorine, % 0.30 0.24 0.24 0.31 0.39Sulfur, %0.15 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.19Oxygen, % 33.49 43.83 25.68 32.28 40.93Total, ultimate 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00Gross heating value, Btu/lb 6868 5584 5584 7019 8900Chloride, water soluble, % 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.25E791083ASTM Interna
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29、rds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E791084
