ASTM E810-2003(2008) 488 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry《利用共面几何学测试反光板反射系数的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM E810-2003(2008) 488 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry《利用共面几何学测试反光板反射系数的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E810-2003(2008) 488 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry《利用共面几何学测试反光板反射系数的标准试验方法》.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 810 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forCoefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective SheetingUtilizing the Coplanar Geometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes an instrument measurementof the retroreflective p
3、erformance of retroreflective sheeting.1.2 The user of this test method must specify the entranceand observation angles to be used, and may specify the rotationangles.1.3 This test method is intended as a laboratory test andrequires a facility that can be darkened sufficiently so that straylight doe
4、s not affect the test results. The testing apparatus mustbe able to achieve the coplanar geometry.1.4 Portable and bench retroreflection measuring equipmentmay be used to determine RAvalues provided the geometry andappropriate substitution standard reference panels, measured inaccordance with this t
5、est method, are utilized. In this case themethods of Procedure B in Practice E 809 apply. Additionalinformation on the use of portable retroreflectometers may befound in Test Method E 1709.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
6、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects b
7、yUsing the CIE SystemE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE 808 Practice for Describing RetroreflectionE 809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristicsof RetroreflectorsE 1709 Test Method for Measurement of RetroreflectiveSigns Usin
8、g a Portable Retroreflectometer2.2 Other Document:CIE Publication No 54 RetroreflectionDefinition andMeasurement33. Terminology3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology E 284 andPractice E 808 apply to this test method.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 coeffcient of retroreflection, RAof a plane retrore-flec
9、ting surface, the ratio of the coefficient of luminousintensity (RI) to the area (A), expressed in candelas per lux persquare metre (cdlx1m2). RA= RI/A.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe equivalent inchpound units forcoefficient of retroreflection are candelas per foot-candle persquare foot (cdfc1ft2). The SI an
10、d inch pound units arenumerically equal, because the units of RAreduce to 1/sr. Anequivalent term used for coefficient of retroreflection is specificintensity per unit area, with symbol SIA or the CIE symbol R8.The term coefficient of retroreflection and the symbol RAalongwith the SI units of candel
11、as per lux per square meter(cdlx1m2) are recommended by ASTM.3.2.1.2 DiscussionRAis a useful engineering quantity fordetermining the photometric performance of such retroreflec-tive surfaces as highway delineators or warning devices. RAmay also be used to determine the minimum area of retrore-flecti
12、ve sheeting necessary for a desired level of photometricperformance. RAhas been used extensively in the specificationof retroreflective sheeting.3.2.2 coplanar geometry, nretroreflection geometry inwhich the retroreflector axis, illumination axis, and observationaxis lie in one plane.3.2.2.1 Discuss
13、ionIn the coplanar geometry: the secondentrance angle component, b2, is equal to 0; presentationangle, g, is equal to either 0 or 180; orientation angle, vs,isequal to either the rotation angle, e,ortoe + 180 or e 180.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appe
14、arance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 onRetroreflection.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 810 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcont
15、act ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commissionon Illumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consulta
16、nts, Inc., 7 PondSt., Salem, MA 01970, http:/www.cie-usnc.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 datum axis, na designated half-line from the retrore-flector center perpendicular to the retroreflector axis.3.2.4 da
17、tum mark, n an indication on the retroreflector,off the retroreflector axis, that establishes the direction of thedatum axis.3.2.5 entrance angle, b, nthe angle between the illumi-nation axis and the retroreflector axis.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe entrance angle is usually no largerthan 90, but for comple
18、teness its full range is defined as 0 #b # 180. In the CIE (goniometer system) b is resolved intotwo components b1and b2. Since by definition b is alwayspositive, the common practice of referring to the small entranceangles that direct specular reflections away from the photore-ceptor as a negative
19、value is deprecated by ASTM. Therecommendation is to designate such negative values asbelonging to b1.3.2.6 goniometer, nan instrument for measuring or settingangles.3.2.7 illumination axis, nthe half-line from the retrore-flector center through the source point.3.2.8 observation angle, a, nthe angl
20、e between the illu-mination axis and the observation axis.3.2.8.1 DiscussionThe observation angle is never nega-tive and is almost always less than 10 and usually no morethan 2. The full range is defined as 0 # a 180.3.2.9 observation axis, nthe half-line from the retroreflec-tor center through the
21、observation point.3.2.10 receiver, n the portion of a photometric instrumentthat receives the viewing beam from the specimen, including acollector such as an integrating sphere, if used, often themonochromator or spectral filters, the detector, and associatedoptics and electronics.3.2.11 retroreflec
22、tion, nreflection in which the reflectedrays are preferentially returned in directions close to theopposite of the direction of the incident rays, this propertybeing maintained over wide variations of the direction of theincident rays. CIEB3.2.12 retroreflective material, na material that has a thin
23、continuous layer of small retroreflective elements on or verynear its exposed surface (for example, retroreflective sheeting,retroreflective fabrics, transfer films, beaded paint, highwaysurface signs, or pavement striping).3.2.13 retroreflective sheetinga retroreflective materialpreassembled as a t
24、hin film ready for use.3.2.14 retroreflector, na reflecting surface or device fromwhich, when directionally irradiated, the reflected rays arepreferentially returned in directions close to the opposite of thedirection of the incident rays, this property being maintainedover wide variations of the di
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