1、Designation: E 814 09An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Tests of Penetration Firestop Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONCharacteristically fire spreads
3、from one building compartment to another by the collapse of abarrier, or by openings through which flames or hot gases may pass, or by transfer of sufficient heatto ignite combustibles beyond the barrier. Test Methods E119describe the method to be used tomeasure the fire-resistive performance of the
4、se barriers.However, various techniques of providing for the distribution of services within a structuresometimes require that openings be made in fire-resistive walls and floors to allow the passage of suchpenetrating items as cables, conduits, pipes, trays, and ducts through to the adjacent compar
5、tment.Fire-stop material is installed into these openings to resist the spread of fire.The performance of through-penetration firestops should be measured and specified according to acommon standard that describes the method of fire exposure and rating criteria.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applic
6、able to firestop systems ofvarious materials and construction. Firestop systems are in-tended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors thatare evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test methodrecord firestop system performance durin
7、g the test exposure;but such tests shall not be construed to determine suitability ofthe firestop system for use after test exposure.1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of firestopsystems to an external force stimulated by a hose stream.However, this test method shall not be construed
8、as determin-ing the performance of the firestop system during actual fireconditions when subjected to forces such as failure of cablesupport systems and falling debris.1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assistothers in determining the suitability of the firestops for usewhere f
9、ire resistance is required.1.5 This test method does not apply to membrane penetra-tions of a floor-ceiling assembly or roof-ceiling assembly thatare tested as part of the assembly in accordance with TestMethods E119.1.6 This test method does not apply to membrane penetra-tions of load-bearing walls
10、.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products
11、, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-riskassessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actualfire conditions.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if an
12、y, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory materi
13、al. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredrequirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand Materials1This method is under the jurisdiction of Committee E05 on Fire St
14、andards andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Construction Assemblies.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 814 08b.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
15、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 176 Termi
16、nology of Fire StandardsE 2226 Practice for Application of Hose Stream2.2 Other Documents:ANSI/UL 1479 Standard for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method referto Terminology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Spec
17、ific to This Standard:3.2.1 firestop system, na specific combination of penetrat-ing item or items, the specific construction that is penetrated,and the materials or devices, or both, that seal the openingprovided to accommodate one or more items that penetrate intoor through a fire-resistance rated
18、 assembly.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe materials and devices used to sealthe opening around penetrating items are sometimes referred toas “firestops.” Note that it is not “firestops” that are tested bythis standard, but rather “firestop systems.” Due to the complexinteraction during a fire between the pene
19、trant, the penetratedassembly, the materials and/or devices used to seal the pen-etration, and the specific size and shape of the opening, it is notpossible to simply test the “firestop” to develop fire resistancedata.3.2.2 membrane-penetration firestop system, na firestopsystem that seals the openi
20、ng provided to accommodate one ormore items that penetrate the membrane on only one side of afire-resistance rated assembly.3.2.2.1 DiscussionExamples of penetrating items includecables, conduits, ducts, pipes, and electrical boxes.3.2.3 test assemblythe wall or floor that is part of thefirestop sys
21、tem being tested into which the test specimen(s) is(are) mounted or installed.3.2.4 test specimenthe penetrating item or items and thematerials or devices, or both, that seal the opening in thefirestop system being tested.3.2.5 through-penetration firestop system, na firestop sys-tem that seals the
22、opening around penetrating items that passthrough the entire fire-resistance rated assembly.3.2.5.1 DiscussionExamples of penetrating items includecables, cable trays, conduits, ducts, and pipes.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This method of testing through-penetration firestopsystems exposes firestop
23、systems to a standard temperature-time fire, and to a subsequent application of a hose stream.4.2 Ratings are established on the basis of the period ofresistance to the fire exposure, prior to the first development ofthrough openings, flaming on the unexposed surface, limitingthermal transmission cr
24、iterion, and acceptable performanceunder application of a hose stream.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the performanceof a firestop system with respect to exposure to a standardtime-temperature fire test and a hose stream test. The perfor-mance of a firestop system is
25、 dependent upon the specificassembly of materials tested including the number, type, andsize of penetrations and the floors or walls in which it isinstalled.5.2 Two ratings are established for each firestop system. AnF rating is based upon flame occurrence on the unexposedsurface, while the T rating
26、 is based upon the temperature rise aswell as flame occurrence on the unexposed side of the firestopsystem. These ratings, together with detailed performance datasuch as the location of through-openings and temperatures ofpenetrating items are intended to be one factor in assessingperformance of fir
27、estop systems.6. Control of Fire Tests6.1 Time-Temperature CurveThe fire environment withinthe furnace shall be in accordance with the standard time-temperature curve shown in Fig. 1. The points on the curve thatdetermine its character are:Ambient at 0 min1000F (538C) at 5 min1300F (704C) at 10 min1
28、550F (843C) at 30 min1700F (927C) at 60 min1850F (1010C) at 120 min2000F (1093C) at 240 min2300F (1260C) at 480 min or over6.2 Furnace Temperatures:6.2.1 The temperature fixed by the curve shall be theaverage temperature obtained from the readings of thermo-couples symmetrically disposed and distrib
29、uted within the testfurnace to show the temperature near all parts of the assembly.Use a minimum of three thermocouples, with not fewer thanfive thermocouples per 100 ft2(9.29 m2) of floor surface, andnot fewer than nine thermocouples per 100 ft2of wall specimensurface.6.2.2 Enclose the thermocouple
30、s in sealed protection tubesof such materials and dimensions that the time constant of theprotected thermocouple assembly lies within the range (seeNOTEFor a closer definition of the temperature-time curve, see AnnexA1.FIG. 1 Temperature-Time CurveE814092Note 1) from 300 to 400 s. The exposed length
31、 of thepyrometer tube and thermocouple in the furnace chamber shallbe not less than 12 in. (300 mm). Use of other types ofprotection tubes or pyrometers is acceptable provided thattemperature measurements obtained in accordance with Fig. 1are within the limit of accuracy that applies for furnacetemp
32、erature measurements.NOTE 1A typical thermocouple meeting these time-constant require-ments may be fabricated by fusion-welding the twisted ends of No. 18 Band S gage (0.040 in.) (1.02 mm) Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting theleads in porcelain insulators and inserting the assembly so the thermo-couple
33、 bead is 0.50 in. (13 mm) from the sealed end of a standard weight,nominal12-in. iron, steel, or Inconel pipe. (Inconel is a trademark of IncoAlloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr., P.O. Box 1958, Huntington, WV 25720.)The time constant for this and for several other thermocouple assemblieswas measured in
34、 1976. The time constant may also be calculated fromknowledge of its physical and thermal properties. See Research ReportRR:E05-1001, available from ASTM Headquarters.6.2.3 For floors, place the junction of the thermocouples 12in. (300 mm) away from the exposed face of the assembly. Inthe case of wa
35、lls, place the thermocouples 6.0 in. (150 mm)away from the exposed face.6.2.4 Read the temperature at intervals not exceeding 5 minduring the first 120 min. Thereafter, the intervals shall notexceed 10 min.6.2.5 The accuracy of the furnace control shall be such thatthe area under the temperature-tim
36、e curve, obtained by aver-aging the results from the pyrometer or thermoelectric devicereadings, is within 10 % of the corresponding area under thestandard temperature-time curve shown in Fig. 1 for fire testsof 60 min or less duration; within 7.5 % for those over 60 minand not more than 120 min; an
37、d within 5 % for tests exceeding120 min in duration.6.3 Unexposed Surface Temperatures:6.3.1 Measure temperature at each of the locations on theunexposed surface of the penetrating item and floor or wallassembly as shown in Fig. 2.6.3.2 For tests of membrane penetration firestop systems, inaddition
38、to the requirements of 6.3.1, measure temperature ateach of the locations on the non-fire side of the test assemblyas shown in Fig. 3 for test assemblies that include membranepenetrations on only one face of the test assembly, or as shownin Fig. 4 for test assemblies that include conditions represen
39、-tative of both sides of the membrane penetration on one surfaceof the wall.6.3.2.1 DiscussionThe area in which thermocouples “G”are located, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, is the perpendicularprojections of the test assemlby opening area on the non-fireside of the un-penetrated membrane.6.3.3 Addit
40、ional temperature measurements are made at thediscretion of the testing agency to obtain representative infor-mation on the performance of the firestop systems.6.3.4 For the purpose of obtaining supplementary informa-tion during tests of membrane penetrations, the temperatureinside of each wall cavi
41、ty having a membrane penetration shallbe measured using one or more thermocouples. Such thermo-couples shall be located 3 6 0.25 in. (76 6 6 mm) verticallyLegend:AAt a point on the surface of the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening 1 in. (25 mm) from one through-penetrating item for
42、 each type of penetrating itememployed in the field of the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening. If the grouping of penetrating items through the test sample prohibits placement of thethermocouple pad, the thermocouple shall not be required.BAt a point at the periphery on the surface
43、 of the materials or devices, or both, that seal the opening.CAt a minimum of three points on the surface of the materials that seal the opening, approximately equidistant from a penetrating item or group of penetrating itemsin the field of the materials that seal the opening and the periphery.DAt o
44、ne point on any frame that is installed about the perimeter of the opening.EAt one point on the unexposed surface of the wall or floor that is a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) from any opening.FAt one point on each type of through-penetrating item. If the through-penetrating item is insulated or coated
45、on the unexposed side, the thermocouple shall be locatedon the exterior surface of the insulation or coating. If the coating or insulation does not extend the full length of the penetrating item on the unexposed side, an additionalthermocouple shall be installed on the penetrating item 1.0 in. (25.4
46、 mm) beyond the termination of the insulation or coating.FIG. 2 Temperature Measurement LocationsE814093from the inside top of the wall cavity, and each located 3 60.25 in. (76 6 6 mm) in. horizontally from the penetrationcenterline. Wires for the thermocouples shall be routed throughthe horizontal
47、surface forming the top of the wall cavity, so asnot to impact the fire performance measurements that are madeon the non-fire side membrane.6.3.5 Measure temperatures on the surface of the materials,devices, or both, that are used to seal the opening in the testassembly.6.3.6 Measure the temperature
48、 of the test assembly.6.3.7 Temperature measurements shall be made with ther-mocouples placed under flexible pads specified in Annex A2.The pads shall be held firmly against the surface and shall fitclosely about the thermocouples. The thermocouple junctionshall be located under the center of the pa
49、ds. The thermocoupleleads under the pads shall be not heavier than No. 18 B and Sgage (0.040 in.) (1.02 mm) and shall be electrically insulatedwith heat-resistant moisture-resistant coverings.6.3.8 For tests of membrane penetration firestop systems,the pads placed over thermocouples used to measure thenon-fire side wall temperature at the top of the wall cavity(position H in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) shall have the propertiesspecified in Annex A2, except that they shall have a length andwidth of 6.00 6 0.04 in. (152 6 1 mm).6.3.8.1 DiscussionThe use of the
