1、Designation: E 870 82 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Methods forAnalysis of Wood Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the proximate and ultimateanalysis of wood fuels and the determination of the grosscaloric value of wood fuels sample
3、d and prepared by pre-scribed test methods and analyzed according to ASTM estab-lished procedures. Test methods as herein described may beused to establish the rank of fuels, to show the ratio ofcombustible to incombustible constituents, to provide the basisfor buying and selling, and to evaluate fo
4、r beneficiation or forother purposes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory lim
5、itations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1102 Test Method for Ash in WoodE711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb CalorimeterE 775 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sampleof Refuse-Derived FuelE 777 Test Method for Carbon and
6、 Hydrogen in the Analy-sis Sample of Refuse-Derived FuelE 778 Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample ofRefuse-Derived FuelE 871 Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate WoodFuelsE 872 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis ofParticulate Wood Fuels3. Terminology3.1 proximate ana
7、lysisan assay of the moisture, ash,volatile matter, and fixed carbon as determined by prescribedtest methods. Other constituents such as sulfur and phosphorusare not included.3.2 ultimate analysisthe determination of carbon andhydrogen in the material, as found in the gaseous products ofits complete
8、 combustion, the determination of sulfur, nitrogen,and ash in the material as a whole, and the calculation ofoxygen by difference.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods of analysis described herein can beused for the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and thedetermination of the gross cal
9、oric value of wood fuels.5. Procedure5.1 MoistureMethod E 871.5.2 AshTest Method D 1102.5.3 Volatile MatterTest Method E 872.5.4 Fixed CarbonThe fixed carbon is a calculated value.It is the resultant of the summation of percentage moisture, ash,and volatile matter subtracted from 100. All percentage
10、s shallbe on the same moisture reference base.5.5 Carbon and HydrogenTest Method E 777.5.6 SulfurTest Methods E 775.5.7 NitrogenTest Methods E 778.5.8 OxygenThe oxygen is a calculated value. It is theresultant of the summation of percentages carbon, hydrogen,sulfur, nitrogen, and ash subtracted from
11、 100. All percentagesshall be on the same moisture reference base.5.9 Gross Calorific ValueTest Method E711.6. Precision and Bias6.1 The precision and bias of the test methods describedherein are contained in these individual test methods.7. Keywords7.1 biomass; bulk density; densified particulate b
12、iomass;green tree chip; hogged fuel; particulate wood fuel; pellets;proximate; sawdust; ultimate; volatile matter1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 onBiotechnology and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 onBiomass Conversion.Current edition approved
13、 Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 870 82 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
14、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item m
15、entionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committ
16、ee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meet
17、ing of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
18、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 870 82 (2006)2
