ASTM E957-2003 Standard Terminology Relating to Geothermal Energy《地热能的有关标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: E 957 03Standard Terminology Relating toGeothermal Energy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 957; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in
2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.aquifer, na water-bearing, permeable body of rock orgranular material below the surface of the earth.binary cycle plant, na facility that generates electric powerby trans
3、ferring heat from produced geothermal fluids to anon-aqueous working fluid that vaporizes and causes aturbine to rotate the shaft of a generator.brine, nin geothermal, fluids in a liquid phase that have beenproduced from geothermal wells or from hot springs and thatcontain appreciable amounts of sod
4、ium chloride and othersalts.capacity, nthe power which a component of a geothermalfacility (e.g., a well, a reservoir, a power plant, or adirect-use facility) is capable of supplying at a point in time,assuming that other required components of the geothermalfacility are available. Capacity is expre
5、ssed in units of power(e.g., Megawatts, kilowatts).direct-use facility, na facility which uses geothermal energyfor purposes other than the generation of electricity (e.g.,space heating, greenhouses, bathing, and industrial pro-cesses).fumarole, na vent at the earths surface that emits steam orgaseo
6、us vapor.DISCUSSIONSuch vents are usually found in volcanic areas.geochemistry, nthe study of the chemistry of the rocks andfluids of the earth for the purpose of understanding theircomposition, their temperature, and their origin.geothermal, adjrelating to or derived from the natural heatof the ear
7、th.geothermal anomaly, na conspicuous deviation of theearths temperature, geothermal gradient, or heat flow fromaverage values; an area where such a deviation exists.geothermal energy, nthe thermal energy contained in therocks and fluids of the earth.geothermal facility, nthe physical components nec
8、essaryfor the utilization of geothermal energy, including thereservoir, production and injection wells, pipelines, and thepower plant or direct-use facility.geothermal fluid, nwater in a vapor or liquid phase or in amixture of these phases that exists within or has been emittedfrom a geothermal rese
9、rvoir, together with any entrained ordissolved substances.geothermal gradient, nthe change in temperature of theearth with depth, expressed either in degrees of temperatureper unit depth, or units of depth per degree.geothermal power plant, na facility for the production ofelectricity using geotherm
10、al energy, typically including aturbine, a generator, and associated surface equipment.geothermal heat pump, na heat pump that transfers energyto or from the earth.geothermal reserves, nthe amount of energy anticipated tobe economically recoverable from a geothermal facility overa specified time per
11、iod (e.g., the project life) using existingtechnology. Geothermal reserves are expressed in units ofenergy (e.g., terajoules in SI units), which are dimensionallyequivalent to units of power multiplied by units of time (e.g.,Megawatt-years or kilowatt-hours). Geothermal reservesmay also be expressed
12、 as an equivalent amount of anotherenergy source (e.g., barrels of oil equivalent).DISCUSSIONGeothermal reserves can also be characterized as to thedegree of certainty of recovery. By analogy to usage in the mining andpetroleum industries, reserves may be qualified as proved, probable, orpossible.Ex
13、ample of Usage:This facility has geothermal reserves of 4,000 Megawatt-years, recoverable over a project life of 30 years.geothermal reservoir, nan aquifer of sufficient temperatureand permeability to support the economic use of geothermalenergy.DISCUSSIONThe extent of a geothermal reservoir is dete
14、rmined bythe degree of hydrologic interconnection. When an aquifer containsboth hot portions and portions that are too cool for economic use, thoseportions that are sufficiently interconnected to have a significant1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E44 on Solar,Geothermal
15、and Other Alternative Energy Sources and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E44.15 on Geothermal Field Development, Utilization and Materials.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 957 02.1Copyrigh
16、t ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.hydrologic or thermal impact on each other are considered part of thesame geothermal reservoir.geothermal steam, na geothermal fluid in the vapor phase.geothermometer, na method of estimating th
17、e temperatureof a geothermal reservoir based on the minerals in thereservoir rock or the concentration of chemical species ingeothermal fluids that have come from the reservoir.geyser, na spring that intermittently blows forth hot waterand steam.heat flow, ndissipation or transfer of heat coming fro
18、mwithin the earth by conduction, convection or radiation at thesurface; usually reported in units of energy per unit time perunit area, for example, joules per second per square metre orwatts per square metre.hot spring, na thermal spring whose temperature is abovethat of the human body. Meinzer (19
19、23)magma, nmolten rock within the earth or within otherplanets.moisture content, nthe percentage by mass of liquid-phasewater in a two-phase mixture of vapor-and liquid-phasewater.DISCUSSIONThe moisture content of a two-phase mixture is equiva-lent to 100 minus the steam qualitynoncondensible gas co
20、ntent, nthe concentration of noncon-densible gas in a geothermal fluid.DISCUSSIONThe principal geothermal noncondensible (NC) gasesinclude carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, nitrogen, methane,hydrogen, and argon. Standard usage is to express NC gas content as apercentage by mass in the refer
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