1、Designation: F1001 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Guide forSelection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective ClothingMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of chemicals can be exposed tonumerous compounds
3、capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleteriouseffects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, to chronicdegenerative disease, such as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. Because engineering controls may noteliminate all possible exposures, at
4、tention is often given to reducing the potential for direct skincontact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.Standard test methods are being established to measure degradation, penetration, and permeationchemical resistance of protective clothi
5、ng materials. Chemical resistance information for a number ofchemicals often accompanies many protective clothing articles. However, because there are so manypossible protective clothing and chemical combinations, the number and type of chemicals appearingin chemical resistance tables vary extensive
6、ly.This guide establishes a standardized list of chemicals to be used in evaluating protective clothingmaterials. The list of chemicals includes a broad range of representative chemical classes andproperties. This guide is intended to provide a minimum set of chemicals in generating test results for
7、protective clothing users and to aid in screening new materials.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a recommendedlist of both liquid and gaseous chemicals for evaluatingprotective clothing materials in testing programs.1.2 Results derived from testing programs using these listsof tes
8、t chemicals are not intended for the definitive character-ization of protective clothing materials.1.3 This list of test chemicals is not inclusive of all chemicalchallenges; the chemicals were chosen to represent broadranges of liquid and gaseous chemical classes and properties.Not all chemical cla
9、sses are represented. Other chemicals,especially those of interest to the manufacturer or user, shouldbe tested in addition to those recommended in this guide.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
10、 of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazardsstatement is given in Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles o
11、n standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liqu
12、ids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofContinuous ContactF903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by LiquidsF1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor ProtectiveSuitsF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing1This
13、guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F10
14、01 12. DOI:10.1520/F1001-12R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,
15、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and
16、 Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1F2588 Test Method for Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST) forProtective Ensembles2.2 OSHA Standards:329 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene Oxide29 CFR 1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene29 CFR 1910.1052 Dichloromethane2.3 Other Sta
17、ndards:Compressed GasAssociation Publication P-1 Safe Handlingof Compressed Gases in Containers43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 degradation, nthe deleterious change in one or moreproperties of a material.3.1.2 penetration, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovement of substances through void
18、s in protective clothingmaterials or items on a non-molecular level.3.1.2.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes, andimperfections in closures, seams, interfaces, and protectiveclothing materials. Penetration does not require a change ofstate; solid chemicals move through voids in materials as
19、solids, liquids as liquids, and gases as gases. Penetration is adistinctly different mechanism from permeation.3.1.3 permeation, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovements of chemicals as molecules through protectiveclothing materials by the processes of (1) absorption of thechemical into the c
20、ontact surface of the materials, (2) diffusionof the absorbed molecules throughout the material, and (3)desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of thematerial.3.1.3.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly differentmechanism from penetration.3.1.4 protective clothing material, nany materi
21、al or com-bination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purposeof isolating parts of the body from a potential hazard.3.1.5 test chemical, nthe solid, liquid, gas, or mixturethereof, used to evaluate the performance of a protectiveclothing material.3.1.6 totally encapsulating chemical pr
22、otective suit, nafull-body garment that is constructed of protective clothingmaterials; covers the wearers torso, head, arms, and legs; maycover the wearers hands and feet with permanently or tightlyattached gloves and boots; completely encloses the wearer byitself or in combination with the wearers
23、 respiratoryequipment, gloves, and boots.3.1.7 For definitions of protective clothing terms used inthis guide, refer to Terminology F1494.4. Summary of Guide4.1 In this guide, two lists of test chemicals are recom-mended to be used in testing programs to evaluate chemical/protective clothing materia
24、l interactions or compatibility. Onelist includes 15 liquid chemicals while the other list includessix gaseous chemicals. Users of this guide may evaluateprotective clothing materials against either list or both lists incombination.4.2 Types of testing programs are not specified. However,when a prot
25、ective clothing material is tested in accordance withthis guide and any appropriate test method, all results anddocumentation required by the test method should be reportedfor each chemical tested.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide establishes a recommended list of challengechemicals to encourage
26、 those who evaluate chemical protectiveclothing to test a minimum number of chemicals in common.This list will simplify the comparison of data from differentsources.5.2 This guide may also serve material developers orevaluators in screening candidate protective clothing materials.5.3 Test methods ap
27、plicable to the use of this guide include,but are not limited to, Test Methods F903 and F739.5.3.1 The battery of chemical gases shall not be used fortesting material penetration resistance because Test MethodF903 has been designed for measuring liquid penetration only.5.3.2 Evaluation of materials
28、against the gaseous chemicalbattery is primarily intended for those materials used in theconstruction of totally encapsulating protective suits or otherclothing items that are designed to prevent exposure tochemical vapors or gases. Only vapor-protective clothing thathas been evaluated for and has d
29、emonstrated appropriate levelsof inward leakage against gases and vapor is appropriate forprotection against vapors and gases. Protective clothing thatonly covers part of the body or that does not have vapor-resistant closures, closures, or interfaces to other ensemblecomponents does not provide pro
30、tection against hazardouschemical vapors and gases.NOTE 1Methods to evaluate the vapor-protective performance ofprotective clothing ensembles include, but are not limited to, Test MethodF1052 and Test Method F2588.5.4 The presence of any chemical in this battery does notconnote any special significa
31、nce of the chemical for protectingworkers from chemical hazards. This battery of chemicals isintended to represent a range of chemical classes, hazards,physical characteristics, and other factors. Not of all of thechemicals in this battery have any significance from a skintoxicity or irritation pers
32、pective.5.5 Chemical resistance of a protective clothing materialagainst a specific chemical or list of chemicals does not inferthe chemical resistance of that protective material against otherchemicals.6. Reagents6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent-grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherw
33、ise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where3Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210.4Available from Compressed Ga
34、s Association (CGA), 1725 Jefferson DavisHwy., Suite 1004, Arlington, VA 22202-4102.F1001 12 (2017)2such specifications are available.5Other grades may be used,provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficientlyhigh purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy ofthe deter
35、mination.6.2 List of Recommended Liquid Test ChemicalsReagentsare listed by common name, synonym, and Chemical AbstractRegistry Service (CAS) number:6.2.1 Acetone (2-propanone),667-64-1,6.2.2 Acetonitrile (cyanomethane), 75-05-8,6.2.3 Carbon Disulfide, 75-15-0,6.2.4 Dichloromethane (methylene chlori
36、de), 75-09-2,6.2.5 Diethylamine, 109-89-7,6.2.6 Dimethylformamide (DMF), 68-12-2,6.2.7 Ethyl Acetate, 141-78-6,6.2.8 n-Hexane, 110-54-3,6.2.9 Methanol (methyl alcohol, carbinol), 67-56-1,6.2.10 Nitrobenzene, 98-95-3,6.2.11 Sodium Hydroxide (50 % w/w), 1310-73-2,6.2.12 Sulfuric Acid (93.1 % sp gr 1.8
37、4, 66 Be), 7664-93-9,6.2.13 Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene), 127-18-4,6.2.14 Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 1,4-epoxybutane), 109-99-9, and6.2.15 Toluene (toluol), 108-88-3.6.3 List of Recommended Gaseous Test ChemicalsReagents are listed by common name, minimum purity,synonyms, and Chemical Abstract
38、s Service (CAS) number.6.3.1 Ammonia, anhydrous, (99.99 %), 7664-41-76.3.2 1,3-Butadiene, inhibited, (99.0 %(bivinyl,vinylethylene, biethylene), 106-99-06.3.3 Chlorine, 99.5 %, 7782-50-56.3.4 Ethylene Oxide, (99.7 %), (oxirane, 1,2-epoxyethane),75-21-86.3.5 Hydrogen Chloride, (99.0 %), (hydrochloric
39、 acid),7647-01-06.3.6 Methyl Chloride, (99.5 %), (chloromethane), 74-87-37. Safety Hazards7.1 Before carrying out any test, safety precautions anddisposal procedures for chemicals and contaminated protectiveclothing material should be identified and reviewed to providefull protection to all personne
40、l. Consult chemical MaterialSafety Data Sheets on each chemical to determine all proper-ties and hazards related to their use, storage, and disposal.7.2 Ethylene oxide, 1,3-Butadiene, and Dichloromethaneare listed by OSHA as carcinogens and require special han-dling. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.1047, 29 CF
41、R 1910.1051, and 29CFR 1910.1052, respectively. Dimethylformamide,nitrobenzene, and tetrachloroethylene are listed as possiblycarcinogenic by IARC.77.3 The appropriate gas connectors, regulators, and compat-ible materials should be used with gaseous chemicals asrecommended by the Compressed Gas Asso
42、ciation. Refer toCGA Publication P-1.7.4 Adequate ventilation should be provided at all timesduring testing. Ventilation is particularly important whentesting any gases.8. Procedure8.1 For the proper implementation of this guide, manufac-turers or others reporting results of testing programs involvi
43、ngthe list of recommended test chemicals should report testresults for all chemicals on the list. If a chemical or chemicalsare not tested, the reason should be provided in place of the testresults.8.2 Care should be exercised in the interpretation of testresults from testing programs using the list
44、 of test chemicals.Users of this guide should exercise particular caution inmaking inferences of protective clothing material behavior forchemicals or protective clothing materials that may seemsimilar.8.3 When using this guide for comparison between differenttesting programs involving the same test
45、 method, the usershould check the details and test parameters used in each testto ascertain whether a sufficient basis exists for comparingtesting program results. For example, the detector sensitivity,length of test, and permeation rate should be considered whenusing this guide in conjunction with
46、Test Method F739.9. Keywords9.1 chemicals; chemical testing; gaseous chemicals; liquidchemicals; protective clothing5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical So
47、ciety, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.6Chemical Abstracts Service, Division of American Chemical Society, 2540Olentangy River Road, Box 301
48、2, Columbus, OH 43210.7International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours AlbertThomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France; http:/www.iarc.fr.F1001 12 (2017)3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 Selection of ChemicalsChemicals were selected toprovide representation for a wide rang
49、e of chemical classes andproperties. Other criteria included how common the chemicalwas in industrial operations and transportation, the ease ofhandling the chemical, the hazards of the chemical, and if thechemical was known to permeate some protective clothingmaterials easily. Not all chemical classes or categories arerepresented in this list.X1.2 Acetone (ketone)Used in interlaboratory testing ofTest Method F739; common industrial/non-industrial solvent.X1.3 AcetonitrileNitrile compound.X1.4 AmmoniaBasic gas; high
