1、Designation: F1004 13Standard Consumer Safety Specification forExpansion Gates and Expandable Enclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents of head and neck entrapment in childrensexpansion gates and expandable
3、 enclosures. It also addresses the ability of a pressure gate to resist apush-out force.The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) identified incidents that generally involveda childs head or neck, or both, becoming entrapped in diamond shaped openings and strangulation ofchildren in V-shape
4、s at the top of accordion style expansion gates or expandable enclosures.Additional incidents and injuries were identified that involved children attempting to climb up andover expansion gates and expandable enclosures, and pushing or pulling pressure gates out ofdoorways.This consumer safety specif
5、ication is written within the current state-of-the-art of gate and enclosuretechnology. It is intended that this consumer safety specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available, which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requiremen
6、ts.This specification does not address incidents in which gates or enclosures are blatantly misusedalthough warnings and safety instructions are required to be displayed prominently on and with eachgate or enclosure.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers minimumsafety performance requ
7、irements, test methods, and require-ments for labeling and instructional material to minimizehazards to young children resulting from the normal use andreasonably foreseeable misuse and abuse of expansion gatesand expandable enclosures.1.2 Products known as expansion gates and expandableenclosures,
8、or by any other name, which are in the scope of thisconsumer safety specification are intended for young childrenaged six months through 24 months, and are defined in Section3.1.3 Expansion gates and expandable enclosures defined inSection 3 are for domestic use and are not to be confused withother
9、types of gates or enclosures that may be specificallydesigned for commercial, institutional, agricultural, pet use, orany other such use.1.4 No expansion gate or expandable enclosure as defined inSection 3, that is, produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification either by labe
10、l or other means,shall indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all the requirements contained herein.1.5 For expediency, expansion gates and expandable enclo-sures as defined in Section 3 will heretofore be referred to inthis consumer safety specification as “gates” and “enc
11、losures”unless referred to definitively.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The following pertains only to the test m
12、ethods portion,Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consum
13、er Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1004 12. DOI: 10.1520/F1004-13.Copyright ASTM Intern
14、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion
15、by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play Yards2.2 British Standard:3BS 4125 Specification for Safety Requirements for ChildSafety Barriers for Domestic Use2.3 Federal Regulations:416 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lea
16、d Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, In-cluding Parts:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Useby Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or
17、 Glass Edge in Toys and Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight-Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 D
18、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 completely-bounded opening, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is enclosed totally by bound-aries on all sides.3.1.2 conspicuous, adjlabel which is visible, when thegate/expandable enclosure is in a manufacturers recom-mended use p
19、osition, to a person standing near the gate/expandable enclosure at any one position around the gate/expandable enclosure, but not necessarily visible from allpositions.3.1.3 double-action locking mechanism, nlocking mecha-nism that requires two distinct and separate actions in a singlelock to activ
20、ate the release mechanism.3.1.4 expandable enclosures, nself-supporting barrier in-tended to completely surround an area or play-space withinwhich a young child (see 1.2) may be confined. Enclosuresmay be marketed for indoor or outdoor use, or both.3.1.5 expansion gate, nbarrier intended to be erect
21、ed in anopening, such as a doorway, to prevent the passage of youngchildren (see 1.2), but which can be removed by older personswho are able to operate the locking mechanism. Such gates areavailable in a number of different styles of construction and aremanufactured from a variety of different mater
22、ials.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position(s)anyposition to prevent passage of a child which the manufacturerrepresents as a normal, allowable or acceptable configuration.This specifically excludes positions, which the manufacturershows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable,un
23、safe or not recommended.3.1.7 nonpaper label, nany label material, such as plasticor metal, which either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply-defined edge.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material, which tears with-out the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 partial
24、ly-bounded opening, nany opening in themain structure of a product that is not enclosed totally byboundaries on all sides. For example, a V-shape in the top of anaccordion slat-style product or a rectangular notch resultingfrom a gap between a wall surface and the main structure of ababy gate would
25、be considered a partially-bounded opening.3.1.10 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor whichmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor cover,unless
26、the test instructs differently.4.2 The gate/expandable enclosure shall be completelyassembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with themanufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned in aroom with a
27、n ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) forat least 1 h prior to testing. Testing then shall be conductedwithin this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partss
28、hall be smooth and free from splinters.5.2 Screws shall not be used in the assembly of anycomponents or locking or attaching device (or devices) that areintended to be removed by the consumer during daily opera-tions.5.3 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 a
29、nd 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing to this consumer safety specification.5.4 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.5 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that folds,or has a moveable panel, shall have
30、a latching or lockingdevice or other provision in the design that will prevent the unit2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
31、y page onthe ASTM website.3Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi-.4Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent ofDocuments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 21402.F1004 132from unintentionally folding
32、 when properly placed in themanufacturers recommended use position. The unit shallremain in its manufacturers recommended use position duringand upon completion of the test, described at 7.1. If a unit isdesigned with a latching or locking device in order to preventfolding or to keep the unit in the
33、 closed position, that deviceshall remain engaged and operative after testing.5.5.1 Foot Pedal MechanismsThe gate shall remainlocked/latched and in the manufacturers recommended useposition during and upon completion of the test described in7.2.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through
34、 awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) b
35、ut arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended positions.5.6.1 Openings through multiple wall sections and openingscreated by multiple wall sections must meet the size req
36、uire-ments in 5.6 if the total thickness of the combined wall sectionsand any air gap between the wall sections is less than 0.375 in.(9.53 mm).5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring, whichis accessible to the occupant having or capable of generating aspace between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33
37、mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.1 shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.8 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingThe gate/expandable enclosure when in the manufacturers recom-mended use position(s) shall be designed and constructed topreve
38、nt injury to the child from any scissoring, shearing, orpinching when members or components rotate about a commonFIG. 1 OpeningsF1004 133axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise moverelative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching thatmay cause injury shall not be permissi
39、ble when the edges ofany rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm)and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessiblepoint through the range of motion of such parts.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or nonpaper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance wit
40、h 7.6.1-7.6.3.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc., shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.6.4.5.9.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.6.5.5.10 Pus
41、h-Out Test:5.10.1 All gates shall be tested in accordance with 7.7.Ateach test location, the average push-out force shall be aminimum of 10 lbf (45 N).5.10.2 Gates that are marketed as being usable at the top ofstairs shall be tested in accordance with 7.7. At each testlocation, the average push-out
42、 force shall exceed 30 lbf(133 N). In addition, each individual force shall exceed 20 lbf(89 N). Gates that do not meet the test requirements in 8.5.5shall bear a warning that they shall not be used at the top ofstairs.5.11 The paint and surface coating on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.6.
43、 Performance Requirements6.1 The following performance requirements apply to gatesand enclosures when they are erected or installed in themanufacturers recommended use position.6.1.1 Completely-Bounded OpeningsOpenings shall notpermit the passage of the Small Torso Template A (see Fig. 2)when tested
44、 in accordance with 7.36.1.2 Height of SidesThe vertical distance from the floorto the lowest point of the uppermost surface shall not be lessthan 22 in. (560 mm) when measured from the floor.6.1.3 Vertical StrengthTop rails, slats, and framing com-ponents of the gates or enclosures shall be tested
45、in accordancewith 7.1 and shall not fracture, disengage, fold, or have apermanent deflection that reduces the lowest point of theuppermost surface of a gate or enclosure (see 6.1.2)toadimension of less than 22 in. (560 mm) when measuredvertically from the floor.6.1.4 Bottom SpacingThe vertical dista
46、nce from the floorto the highest point of the lowermost surface of the unit shallnot permit the passage of the Small Torso Template A (see Fig.2) as tested in accordance with 7.3.6.1.5 Configuration of Uppermost EdgeA partiallybounded opening at any point in the uppermost edge of aproduct that is gr
47、eater than 1.5 in (38 mm) in width and morethan 0.64 in. (16.2 mm) in depth shall be subjected to the testprocedure in 7.4 (see Fig. 3). During the test, no portions of theboundaries of the opening shall simultaneously contact morethan one of surfaces “B,” “C,” or corner “BC” or “CC” in anycombinati
48、on if they are not opposing sides of the center line ofTest Template B (see Fig. 4).6.1.6 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protec-tive components, such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used forprotection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers ortoes, between the thumb and forefinger,
49、or teeth, or if there isat least a 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) gap between the component andits adjacent parent component, such components shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.5.7. Test Methods7.1 Vertical Strength (6.1.3 and 5.5):7.1.1 GatesAdjust the gate to the maximum openingwidth recommended by the manufacturer. Apply a static loadNOTE 1Small Torso Template A is to be constructed of smooth rigid material not less than18 in. (3.18 mm) thick.FIG. 2 Small Torso Template AF1004 134of 45 lbf (200 N) vertically downward fi
