1、Designation: F1057 10F1057 17Standard Practice forEstimating the Quality of Extruded Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Pipe by the Heat Reversion Technique1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers a procedure for estimating the quality of extruded po
3、ly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic pipes byobserving the reaction of pipe specimens after exposure to hot air in the oven at 180 6 5C for 30 min duration.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of t
4、his standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles f
5、or the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Significance and Use2.1 This practice is applicable to distinguish between properly and improperly extruded PVC plastic pipe. It can be used
6、to:2.1.1 Reveal incomplete exsiccation of compound before or during extrusion (Note 1),2.1.2 Determine the presence of stress in the pipe wall produced by the extrusion process (Note 2),2.1.3 Determine whether infusedunfused areas are present, and2.1.4 Reveal contamination.NOTE 1Residual moisture in
7、 the compound vaporizes at extrusion temperatures and is normally evacuated as it forms vapor. Pockets of moisturetrapped in the pipe wall result from incomplete exsiccation of the compound, and may reduce the physical properties of the pipe.NOTE 2Minor residual stress in the pipe will not impair fi
8、eld performance and handleability. High-residual stress has no proven effect on performance,but may impair handleability during installation.3. Apparatus3.1 Air Circulating Oven, thermostatically controlled, capable of operating at 180 6 5C (356 6 9F) and capable of meetingthe recovery requirement o
9、f 4.3.Additionally, the oven must have heat generation (power) capacity such that the recovery achievedwhile at a constant oven set point. The air temperature with the oven (that is, the test temperature) is to be monitored within 3 in.from the outer edge of the test specimen; make assurances that t
10、he temperature does not contact the test specimen.NOTE 3The oven should be vented to the outside of the building.NOTE 4Monitoring of the test temperature within the oven may require a secondary temperature monitoring device in addition to the temperaturemonitoring device within the oven control syst
11、em.4. Procedure4.1 Prepare specimens of pipe 150 mm (6 in.) long or longer with ends cut square so that they stand perpendicular on end whenplaced in the oven.4.1.1 Cut staves from pipes whose size prevents insertion of full round specimens in the oven. Prepare large-diameter pipestaves so that thei
12、r lengths parallel to the pipe axis are 150 mm (6 in.) or longer.4.2 Examine the specimens and note any unusual features such as discoloration, inclusions, or pinholes in the cut edge.4.3 Place the specimens of whole pipe in the preheated oven so that each specimen stands on end with sufficient sepa
13、rationbetween them so that hot air can flow freely between the pipes. Place specimens of pipe staves on the floor of the preheated oven1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.Cur
14、rent edition approved May 1, 2010Feb. 15, 2017. Published June 2010April 2017. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 asF105787(2005).F105710. DOI: 10.1520/F1057-10.10.1520/F1057-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an
15、ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publish
16、ed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1so that they rest on their longitudinal edges and so that hot air ca
17、n flow freely around them. Record the time when the air in theoven directly adjacent to the test specimen recovers to 180C (356F). Recovery must occur within 15 min or less. After anadditional 30 min of exposure within the test temperature tolerance of 180 6 5C, remove the specimens, taking care not
18、 to alterany heat effects.4.4 Examine the specimens within 3 min after removal from the oven, while still hot. With a sharp knife, cut whole pipespecimens lengthwise at approximately 60 circumferential intervals, resulting in six pipe staves of approximately equal widths.Cut specimens being tested i
19、n the form of staves into three roughly equal segments. Note the following for the report:4.4.1 The shape of the pipe ends and the pipe barrel,4.4.2 The condition and appearance of both the inner and outer surfaces of the material, and4.4.3 The condition and appearance of the cut edges of the materi
20、al.NOTE 5Care should be exercised when removing samples from the oven, as pipe with thinner walls may have degraded during conditioning.5. Interpretation5.1 A suggested interpretation of the results observed is given in Appendix X1.6. Report6.1 Report the following information, where applicable:6.1.
21、1 Information given by the pipe marking, including the nominal size of pipe, the type of pipe, and the date code;6.1.2 Form in which the pipe was tested;6.1.3 Date of the test; test and test temperature;6.1.4 Extent and nature of any distortion at the ends or in the barrel of the specimen;6.1.5 Cond
22、ition and appearance of the outer surface;6.1.6 Condition and appearance of the inner surface;6.1.7 Appearance of the cut edges, and6.1.8 Any other changes attributable to the test.6.1.9 Evidence of any of the conditions listed in 2.1: incomplete exsiccation of compound, stress in the pipe wall, unf
23、used areas,and contamination.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made about either the precision or bias of Practice F1057 for estimating the quality of PVC pipe, since theresult merely states whether there is conformance to the criteria for acceptability suggested by the interpretation.8. Keyw
24、ords8.1 heat reversion; PVC pipeAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SUGGESTED INTERPRETATION OF RESULTSX1.1 The specimens should be deemed to be satisfactory if none of the following effects are reported:X1.1.1 Fish-scaling of Evidence of the presence of stress in the pipe wall, commonly appearing
25、 as fish-scaling of any severity (seeFig. X1.1) for an illustration of fish-scaling);X1.1.2 Wall Evidence of the incomplete exsiccation of compound before or during extrusion, appearing as wall separation (seeFig. X1.2 and Fig. X1.3 for illustrations of wall separation);X1.1.3 Blisters Evidence of i
26、ncomplete exsiccation of compound or contamination, or both, appearing as blisters on the outer orinner surface (see Fig. X1.4 and Fig. X1.5 for illustrations of blistering);X1.1.4 Contamination made evident by the test (see Fig. X1.4 for an illustration of contamination); andX1.1.5 Wall Evidence of
27、 contamination, appearing as wall separation caused by pockets of granular material composed of unfusedF1057 172compound or foreign material. (Fig. X1.3 illustrates the general appearance, except that the voids will be filled with a granularmaterial and may appear at any point in the wall.)NOTE 1Sev
28、ere fish-scaling indicates uneven cooling in the sizing sleeve during extrusion. Resulting wall stresses are released by the heat reversiontest. Note the flared end, another indication of this effect.FIG. X1.1 Severe Fish ScalingF1057 173NOTE 1Severe wall separation reveals the presence of moisture
29、in the extrudate. This usually indicates plugged or inadequate vacuum control.FIG. X1.2 Severe Wall SeparationF1057 174NOTE 1Less severe wall separation shows the presence of moisture in the extrudate. Poor vacuum control is indicated. Surface blistering may notbe present.FIG. X1.3 Less Severe Wall
30、SeparationF1057 175NOTE 1External blistering is pronounced in this case and shows the presence of moisture in the extrudate. Less severe blistering requires carefulexamination. Dark axial lines below the number tag are signs of contamination by burnt PVC compound picked up inside the extruder head.F
31、IG. X1.4 External BlisteringF1057 176SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F17 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F105710)that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Section 6 revised to include reporting of evidence of any of the conditions noted in 2.1 an
32、d the test temperature.(2) Clarified the oven as an “Air Circulating Oven,” and added the word “circulating”.(3) Added language from 2.1 to figure descriptions in Appendix X1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentio
33、nedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee an
34、d must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of
35、 theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
36、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permis
37、sion rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1Internal blistering will usually accompany pronounced external blistering and severe wall separation as an indication of gross vacuum controlproblems.FIG. X1.5 Internal BlisteringF1057 177
