1、Designation: F 1060 08Standard Test Method forThermal Protective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface Contact1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to measure the thermal insula-tion of materials used in protective
3、 clothing when exposed fora short period of time to a hot surface with a temperature up to600F (316C).1.2 This test method is applicable to materials used in theconstruction of protective clothing, including, but not limitedto: woven fabrics, knit fabrics, battings, sheet structures, andmaterial com
4、posites, intended for use as clothing for protectionagainst exposure to hot surfaces.1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat under controlled laboratory conditions and should notbe used to describe or appraise
5、 the thermal hazard or fire riskof materials, products, or assemblies under actual exposureconditions.1.4 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are given for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concern
6、s, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 17
7、76 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesF 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsIn testing thermal protection clothing ma-terial, the response to hot surface contact is indicated by thefollo
8、wing descriptive terms:3.1.1 charringthe formation of a carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.2 embrittlementthe formation of a brittle residue as aresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.3 heat fluxthe thermal intensity indicated by theamount of energy
9、 transmitted divided by area and time,W/m2(cal/cm2s).3.1.4 human tissue heat tolerance (heat tolerance)in thetesting of thermal protective materials, the amount of thermalenergy predicted to cause a second-degree burn injury inhuman tissue.3.1.5 ignitionthe initiation of combustion.3.1.6 meltinga ma
10、terial response evidenced by softeningof the polymer.3.1.7 shrinkagea decrease in one or more dimensions ofan object or material.3.1.8 stickinga material response evidenced by softeningand adherence of the material to the surface of itself or anothermaterial.3.1.9 thermal end pointin the testing of
11、thermal protectivematerials, the point where the copper slug calorimeter sensorresponse (heat energy measured) intersects with a predictedskin burn injury model.3.2 For all terminology related to protective clothing, seeTerminology F 1494.3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testm
12、ethod, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method measures the performance of insulativematerials. A material is placed in contact with a standard hotsurface. The amount of heat transmitted by the material iscompared with the human tissue tolerance and the obviouseffect
13、s of the heat on the material are noted.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.80 on Flame and Thermal.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
14、approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 1060 - 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
15、TM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed May 7 21:38:24 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authori
16、zed.4.2 The temperature of the hot surface is measured/controlled with a thermocouple and the heat transmitted by thetest specimen is measured with a copper calorimeter. Thecalorimeter temperature increase is a direct measure of the heatenergy received.4.3 A contact pressure of 3 kPa (0.5 psi) is us
17、ed to comparematerial performance under controlled conditions. If a differentpressure is chosen to represent a specific use condition, whereit is used should be noted under test conditions (13.1.2.3).4.4 The material performance is determined from theamount of heat transferred by the specimen and th
18、e observedeffect of the heat exposure on the specimen. The thermalprotection is the exposure time required to cause the accumu-lated heat received by the sensor to equal the heat that willresult in a pain sensation (see Table 1) or cause a second degreeburn in human tissue (see Table 2), as predicte
19、d from compari-son of heat transfer data with human tissue heat tolerancecurves (see Table 1 and Table 2).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method rates materials intended for use asprotective clothing against exposure to hot surfaces, for theirthermal insulating properties and their reaction to
20、the testconditions.5.2 The thermal protection time as determined by this testmethod relates to the actual end-use performance only to thedegree that the end-use exposure is identical to the exposureused in this test method; that is, the hot surface test temperatureis the same as the actual end-use t
21、emperature and the testpressure is the same as the end-use pressure.5.2.1 Higher pressures, beyond the 3 kPa (0.5 psi) pressureprovided by the calorimeter assembly in this test method shallbe permitted to be used in this test method to simulate theconditions of protective clothing use.5.3 The proced
22、ure maintains the specimen in a static,horizontal position under a standard pressure and does notinvolve movement.5.4 One of the intended applications for this test method iscomparing the relative performance of different materials.5.5 This test method is limited to short exposure because themodel u
23、sed to predict burn injury is limited to predictions oftime-to-burn for up to 30 seconds, and predictions of time-to-pain for up to 50 seconds. The use of this test method for longerhot surface exposures requires a different model for determin-ing burn injury or a different basis for reporting test
24、results.6. Apparatus6.1 General ArrangementThe arrangement of the indi-vidual components of the test apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 Alternatively, transmit temperature output readings toa data acquisition unit, then computer process to obtain the testresult.6.2 Hot PlateShall have a flat heated
25、surface with thesmallest dimension, a minimum of at least 200 mm (8 in.) andhave the ability to achieve a temperature of at least 371C(700F) and to permit temperature control within 2.8C(65F).6.3 Surface plate The flat plate shall be 6.4 mm (14 in.)thick, 140 by 140 mm (5.5 by 5.5 in.) wide, with a
26、2.4 mm (332in.) hole drilled from the edge to the center of the plate (Fig. 2).Use either electrolytic copper or T-1100 aluminum surfaceplates. The surface plate must be flat, smooth, and free frompits and cavities. (Flatness is indicated by negligible lightpassing between a straight edge and the pl
27、ate surface.) Loss ofthe original mill finish (as judged with the naked eye) orwarping, or both, may result in failure to achieve calibrationwith the reference standard.6.4 SensorA copper calorimeter mounted in an insulatingblock with added weight and constructed as shown in Figs. 3and 4 with the st
28、andard characteristics listed below. Thefollowing equations permit the determination of the totalincident heat energy from the copper calorimeter:q 5mass 3 Cp3 Tempfinal2 Tempinitial!area 3 timefinal2 timeinitial!(1)where:q = heat flux (cal/cm2s),mass = mass of the copper disk/slug (g),Cp= heat capa
29、city of copper (0.09426 cal/gC at100C),tempfinal= final temperature of copper disk/slug attimefinal(C),tempinitial= initial temperature of copper disk/slug attimeinitial(C),area = area of the exposed copper disk/slug (cm2),timefinal= ending time (s), andtimeinitial= starting time (s).For a copper di
30、sk/slug that has a mass of 18.0 g and exposedarea of 12.57 cm2, the determination of heat flux reduces to:q 50.135 3 Tempfinal2 Tempinitial!timefinal2 timeinitial!(2)TABLE 1 Human Tissue Tolerance to Pain SensationExposureTimeHeat Flux Total Heat Calorimeter Equivalentcal/cm2sec W/cm2cal/cm2s W sec/
31、cm2DT, F DT, C DmV1.0 0.640 2.70 0.640 2.70 8.53 4.74 0.2501.5 0.475 2.00 0.713 3.00 9.51 5.28 0.2752.0 0.385 1.61 0.770 3.22 10.27 5.71 0.2933.0 0.280 1.17 0.840 3.51 11.20 6.22 0.3225.0 0.195 0.82 0.975 4.08 13.00 7.22 0.3757.0 0.155 0.65 1.085 4.54 14.47 8.04 0.42010.0 0.118 0.49 1.180 4.94 15.73
32、 8.74 0.45820.0 0.076 0.32 1.520 6.36 20.27 11.26 0.58230.0 0.060 0.25 1.800 7.53 24.00 13.33 0.69050.0 0.060 0.25 3.000 12.55 40.00 22.22 1.150F1060082Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed May 7 21:38:24 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No fur
33、ther reproductions authorized.If you use a copper disk/slug with a different mass, or exposedarea, or both, the constant factor should be adjusted corre-spondingly. Also note that a different mass/surface area sensorwill give different rates of temperature change to incident heatenergy so the calcul
34、ations made later will need to note this andmake appropriate changes to correct (for example, see 10.3,12.1.2, 13.1.3.1). The calorimeter must fit securely in theinsulating block and its surface must be flush with the face ofthe insulating block. (WarningSurface variations may resultin failure to ac
35、hieve calibration with the reference standard.)6.5 Calibration SpecimenSix new, not previously testedsheets of ordinary newspaper with total thickness of 0.53 60.05 mm (0.021 6 0.002 in.).TABLE 2 Human TissueATolerance to Second Degree BurnExposureTime, sHeat Flux Total Heat CalorimeterBEquivalent,D
36、mVcal/cm2s W/cm2cal/cm2s W/cm2DT, F DT, C(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)1 1.2 5.0 1.20 5.0 16.0 8.9 0.462 0.73 3.1 1.46 6.1 19.5 10.8 0.573 0.55 2.3 1.65 6.9 22.0 12.2 0.634 0.45 1.9 1.80 7.5 24.0 13.3 0.695 0.38 1.6 1.90 8.0 25.3 14.1 0.726 0.34 1.4 2.04 8.5 27.2 15.1 0.787 0.30 1.3 2.10 8.8 28.0 1
37、5.5 0.808 0.274 1.15 2.19 9.2 29.2 16.2 0.839 0.252 1.06 2.27 9.5 30.2 16.8 0.8610 0.233 0.98 2.33 9.8 31.1 17.3 0.8911 0.219 0.92 2.41 10.1 32.1 17.8 0.9212 0.205 0.86 2.46 10.3 32.8 18.2 0.9413 0.194 0.81 2.52 10.6 33.6 18.7 0.9714 0.184 0.77 2.58 10.8 34.3 19.1 0.9915 0.177 0.74 2.66 11.1 35.4 19
38、.7 1.0216 0.168 0.70 2.69 11.3 35.8 19.8 1.0317 0.160 0.67 2.72 11.4 36.3 20.2 1.0418 0.154 0.64 2.77 11.6 37.0 20.6 1.0619 0.148 0.62 2.81 11.8 37.5 20.8 1.0820 0.143 0.60 2.86 12.0 38.1 21.1 1.1025 0.122 0.51 3.05 12.8 40.7 22.6 1.1730 0.107 0.45 3.21 13.4 42.8 23.8 1.23AStoll, A. M. and Chianta,
39、M. A., “Method and Rating System for Evaluations of Thermal Protection,” Aerospace Medicine, Vol 40, 1969, pp. 12321238 and Stoll, A.M. and Chianta, M. A., Heat Transfer through Fabrics as Related to Thermal Injury, “Transaction-New York Academy of Sciences,” Vol 33 (7), Nov. 1971, pp 649670.BA calo
40、rimeter with an iron/constantan thermocouple.FIG. 1 Thermal Protective Performance Apparatus, Hot SurfaceContactMaterial: Electrolytic Copper or T-1100 aluminumFIG. 2 Surface PlateF1060083Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Wed May 7 21:38:24 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) p
41、ursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.6.6 RecorderAny strip chart recorder with full-scale de-flection of at least 150C (300F) or 10 mV and sufficientsensitivity and scale divisions to read sensor response to 1C(62F) or 60.05 mV. A chart speed to read exposure time to60.1
42、 s is required, 13 mm/s (0.5 in./s) is satisfactory.7. Hazards7.1 Perform the test in a hood or a ventilated area to carryaway degradation products, smoke, and fumes. Exercise care toprevent contact with hot surfaces. Use protective gloves whenhandling hot objects. Have an appropriate portable fire
43、extin-guisher nearby.8. Sampling8.1 Lot SizeFor acceptance sampling purposes, a lot isdefined as a single shipment of a single style of fabric. A lotconstitutes all or part of a single customer order.8.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric di
44、rected in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.8.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take fromthe outside of each roll in the lot sample a full width swatch offabric1m(1yd)long after discarding a full width length of atleast1m(1yd)from t
45、he very outside of each roll.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 Cut and identify five test specimens from each swatch inthe laboratory sample. Make each test specimen 100 by 150 62mm(4by66116 in.) with two of the sides of the specimenparallel with the warp yarns in woven fabric samples, with thewales in kni
46、t fabric samples, or with the length of the fabric inbatts or sheet structure. Do not cut samples closer than 2 % ofthe fabric width from the selvage. Cut specimens from adiagonal zone across the sample swatch so as to get asrepresentative a sample of all yarns present as practical.9.2 Alternatively
47、 cut test specimens from a finished gar-ment. Cut specimens using the orientation indicated in 9.1. Testspecimen shall not include any seam.9.3 Bring the specimens to a controlled moisture content bypreconditioning in a 48.9C (120F) oven for 4 h and thenexposing to a standard atmosphere for testing
48、textiles, that is,in air maintained at a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at atemperature of 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) for at least 4 h. See theportion of the Definitions Section of Practice D 1776 contain-ing the definitions for “standard atmosphere for precondition-ing textiles” and for “standard atmosph
49、ere for testing textiles.”10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 ApparatusCenter the surface plate on the hot plateand place a thermocouple in the thermocouple (T/C) well of thesurface plate to measure exposure temperature.10.2 Test Exposure Adjust control to the hot plate toobtain desired temperature. Allow temperature to stabilize towithin 2.8C (65F) of the desired test temperature as indi-cated by three successive readings taken at least 5 min apart.10.3 Reference StandardSix new sheets of ordinary news-paper3condition
