1、Designation: F 1093 99 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Methods forTensile Strength Characteristics of Oil Spill ResponseBoom1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover static laboratory tests of thestrength of oil spill response boom under tensile
3、 loading.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a
4、 specifichazard statement, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 818 Terminology Relating to Spill Response BarriersF 962 Specification for Oil Spill Response Boom Connec-tion: Z-Connector3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe following definitions, quoted fromTerminology F 818, are u
5、sed in these test methods3.1.1 anchor pointa structural point on the end connectoror along the length of a boom section designed for theattachment of anchor or mooring lines.3.1.2 ballastweight applied to the skirt to improve boomperformance.3.1.3 boom sectionthe length of boom between two endconnec
6、tors.3.1.4 boom segmentrepetitive identical portion of theboom section.3.1.5 curtain-type booma boom consisting of a flexibleskirt supported by flotation. See Appendix X1.3.1.6 end connectora device permanently attached to theboom used for joining boom sections to one another or to otheraccessory de
7、vices.3.1.7 fence-type booma boom consisting of self-supporting or stiffened membrane supported by floatation. SeeAppendix X1.3.1.8 floatthat separable component of a boom that pro-vides buoyancy.3.1.9 freeboardthe vertical height of the boom above thewater line.3.1.10 hingelocation between boom seg
8、ments at whichthe boom can be folded back 180 upon itself.3.1.11 skirtthe continuous portion of the boom below thefloats.3.1.12 tension memberany component which carries hori-zontal tension loads imposed on the boom.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen of spill containment boom is tested bysubjec
9、ting the specimen to cyclic tests to 100 % of themanufacturers rated tensile strength, and by applying tensileloading which progressively deforms the specimen to the pointof failure. Similarly, a typical anchor point and towing deviceare tested in an additional tensile test. For each phase of thetes
10、t, values of tensile load and deformation are observed andrecorded, and modes of failure are described.5. Significance and Use5.1 Boom sections are frequently combined into assem-blages hundreds of meters in length prior to towing through thewater to a spill site. The friction of moving long boomass
11、emblages through the water can impose high tensile stresseson boom segments near the tow vessel.5.2 Tensile forces are also set up in a boom when it is beingtowed in a sweeping mode. The magnitude of this tensile forcecan be related to the immersed depth of the boom, the length ofboom involved, the
12、width of the bight formed by the twotowing vessels, and the speed of movement.NOTE 1When the towing speed exceeds about 1 knot (0.5 m/s),substantial oil will be lost under the boom.5.3 Knowledge of maximum and allowable working tensilestresses will help in the selection of boom for a givenapplicatio
13、n and will permit specification of safe towing andanchoring conditions for any given boom.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 onHazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F20.11 on Control.Current edition approved Apr
14、il 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1093 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 Load Application DeviceA suitable load applicationdevice, such as a hydraulic jack, shall be provided. The devicemust
16、be capable of applying loads somewhat in excess of thepredicted failure load on the boom.6.2 TensiometerA tensiometer shall be selected whichwill encompass the range of values from no load up to themaximum boom tensile load which might reasonably beexpected prior to failure of the boom.6.3 End Suppo
17、rtsThe test bed provided shall have endsupports of sufficient strength and rigidity to resist significantdeformation under the maximum loads expected during testing.6.4 Towing Devices and ConnectorsAt least one of themanufacturers standard tow bridles or towing devices shall beused at the leading en
18、d of the boom specimen (where the loadis applied). A similar tow bridle or towing device shall be usedat the trailing end if the test apparatus is long enough.However, if it is not, the connector at the trailing end of thespecimen may be attached directly to a connector fixed to thatend support of t
19、he test apparatus. Suitable shackles, cables,chains, and so forth, shall be provided to connect the towingadapters to the test equipment, as diagrammed in Figs. 1-3.6.5 Gage PointsGage points shall be affixed to each endof the test specimen to facilitate measurement of elongationduring the course of
20、 the test.6.6 Elongation Measurement ScaleA suitable measuringdevice shall be provided so that elongation measurements maybe made periodically throughout the test. The device shall havea precision equal or better than11000 th the distance betweengage points (that is, 3 mm precision for 3 m gage poin
21、tseparation).6.7 Boom Specimens to be TestedEquipment shall bearranged to apply tensile loading to a specimen consisting of atleast two complete boom segments of standard length assupplied by the manufacturer. Boom segments of less thanstandard length may be used for this test provided that thetensi
22、on member length is proportional, the hinge area betweenthem, the connector assemblies at each end, and the anchorpoint are fabricated identically to the manufacturers full sizestandard boom section provided the total specimen is at least10 ft (3 m) in length.6.8 Alternative ApparatusBecause product
23、ion lengths ofboom are normally longer than 15 ft and because undue stressdue to gravity forces may be placed on such boom if testedwith the apparatus described above, the following describedapparatus may be substituted. Test apparatus which lays theboom in a horizontal and continuously supported ma
24、nner orone which provides support similar to that provided by thewater (that is, a split table supporting the boom in an uprightmanner) will be satisfactory.7. Hazards7.1 Failure of a loaded containment boom can release asubstantial amount of energy. During testing, personnel andequipment shall be p
25、ositioned and protected so that suddenfailure of the test specimen is unlikely to cause injury ordamage.8. Procedure8.1 Determination of Boom Tensile Strength:8.1.1 Test Bed PreparationPrepare a test bed with twoend supports separated with sufficient clearance for the boomspecimen, two towing device
26、s, and testing equipment as shownin Fig. 1. Mount the specimen with one towing device attacheddirectly to one of the end supports. Alternately, the connectorat the trailing end of the test specimen may be attached to aSpecification F 962 connector fixed to the end support of thetest apparatus as sho
27、wn in Fig. 2. The tensiometer is used tolink the towing device at the other end of the boom specimento the load application device and hence to the second endsupport. Suitable shackles, chains, cable, and so forth, canordinarily be used for making connections. However, in somecases it may be necessa
28、ry to design and fabricate specialconnecting devices to distribute loads satisfactorily.8.1.2 Cyclic Loading to 100 % of Manufacturers RatedStrengthLoad the boom specimen to 100 % of the manufac-turers rated tensile strength. Then reduce the load to 10 % ofthe manufacturers rated strength. Note the
29、positions of gagepoints on the specimen while under full tensile load, and at10 % of full tensile load. Then repeat this loading cycle untilthe specimen has been subjected to a total of ten completecycles.8.1.3 Test to Ultimate Failure or PermanentDeformationIf the specimen has not failed during the
30、 cyclicloading phase, it is then subjected to increasing loading untilfailure occurs. “Failure” is defined here as the inability tofunction or the rupture of the tension member, skirt material, orconnector.8.2 Determination of Anchor Point Strength:8.2.1 Test Bed PreparationMount a second specimen,c
31、onsisting of one or more standard boom segments, in the testbed with one end of the specimen attached to the tensiometerusing a standard towing device, as in the previous portions ofFIG. 1 Test BedF 1093 99 (2007)2the test. The anchor point on the specimen is then linked to theother end of the test
32、bed as shown in Fig. 3.8.2.2 Cyclic LoadingThen apply progressively increasingloading to the specimen. If the manufacturer provides a ratedanchor point strength, that value is used as the maximum loadfor the test. If the manufacturer does not provide such astrength rating, then the anchor point shal
33、l be subjected to atensile loading of 50 % of the manufacturers rated tensilestrength for the boom. The positions of gage points on thespecimen are noted while under full tensile load and at 10 % offull tensile load. This loading cycle is then repeated ten times.8.2.3 Test to Ultimate Failure or Per
34、manentDeformationIf the specimen has not failed during the cyclicloading phase, it is then subjected to increased loading untilfailure occurs. Failure is defined here as the inability tofunction or the rupture of the tension member, skirt, material,anchor point hardware or connector.9. Report9.1 The
35、 test report shall provide a description of the boomtested, including the name of the manufacturer and modelnumber. For each phase of the test, values shall be reported forlength of specimen and initial positions of gage points. Thereport shall also provide a tabulation with columns for peri-odicall
36、y observed data including boom elongation values, loadvalues, and notes regarding any damage to boom fabric orother components. Consideration should be given to recordingall gage point positions and tensiometer values photographi-cally. During the test to ultimate failure, sufficient data shall beta
37、ken to permit plotting a curve of deformation versus loading.The ultimate loading on the boom or anchor point at the timeof failure shall be recorded.9.2 The report shall also include photographs and descrip-tions of any damage observed. The report shall identify boomcomponents involved in the failu
38、res and provide descriptionsof how the failures occurred.9.3 Any deviations from the test procedures or specimensdescribed above shall be identified with reasons for suchdeviations given.FIG. 2 Alternate Tensile Strength Test BedFIG. 3 Anchor Point TestF 1093 99 (2007)3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Informat
39、ion)X1. BACKGROUND DISCUSSIONX1.1 In general, oil spill response boom designs provideone or more floatation elements which provide buoyancy tosupport the boom assembly in the water, a membrane whichprevents floating material such as oil from passing from oneside of the boom to the other, and one or
40、more tension memberswhich transfer tensile loads along the boom. In some designsthe membrane material also acts as a tensile member. Boomdesigns may also provide for ballast to help position andstabilize the boom in the water.Additionally, boom is generallymanufactured in sections to facilitate hand
41、ling and applicationin a variety of situations. Sections are joined one to anotherusing end connectors.X1.2 Boom designs can be classified as fence-type or ascurtain-type. Fence booms typically provide a stiffened barrierdesigned to float vertically in the water. One or more horizontaltension member
42、s may be used, positioned to minimize anytendency of the boom section to rotate under an applied load.Curtain booms are provided with flexible material for the underwater portion of the membrane (called the skirt). One or moretension members are typically located at or near the bottom ofthe membrane
43、.3X1.3 Towing adapters, for towing or attachment to fixedobjects, may be provided by the boom manufacturer orfabricated by the user. Because of their differences in design,fence boom and curtain boom handle tensile loads quitedifferently, and towing adapter designs must take this differ-ence into ac
44、count.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such right
45、s, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional s
46、tandardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM C
47、ommittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the abovead
48、dress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Schulze, R., World Catalog of oil Spill Response Products: Complete Listing ofBooms and Skimmers. Port City Press, Baltimore, 1986, contains additionalbackground information and a compendium of data on commercially availablebooms.F 1093 99 (2007)4
