1、Designation: F 1094 87 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forMicrobiological Monitoring of Water Used for ProcessingElectron and Microelectronic Devices by Direct PressureTap Sampling Valve and by the Presterilized Plastic BagMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1094; the
2、 number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.
3、Scope1.1 These test methods cover sampling and analysis of highpurity water from water purification systems and water trans-mission systems by the direct sampling tap and filtration of thesample collected in the bag. These test methods cover both thesampling of water lines and the subsequent microbi
4、ologicalanalysis of the sample by the culture technique. The microor-ganisms recovered from the water samples and counted on thefilters include both aerobes and facultative anaerobes.1.2 Three methods are described as follows:SectionsTest Method ASample TapDirect Filtration 6 to 8Test Method BPreste
5、rilized Plastic Bag Technique 9 to 12Test Method B2 Dip Strip Technique2/Presterilized PlasticBag1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
6、practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterF60Test Methods for Detection and Estimation of Micro-biological Contaminants in Water Used for Proc
7、essingElectron and Microelectronic DevicesF 488 Test Method for On-Site Screening HeterotrophicBacteria in Water3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 total bacteria countnumber of viable heterotrophicbacteria capable of growing under test conditions specified.3.1.1.1 DiscussionTotal bacteria count is
8、the general termfor heterotrophic plate count, now commonly used. Het-erotrophic bacteria are those microorganisms that cannot useCO2for food. They require more complex organic compoundsfor use as growth nutrients. The majority of bacteria fall intothis major grouping.3.1.2 For definition of other t
9、erms used in this test method,refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 presterilized plastic baga commercial presterilizedplastic bag of 200-mL capacity (or as appropriate to largersample sizes) to hold sample water. The bag should haveintegral fold over t
10、abs to allow for resealing.3.2.2 bacteriological monitora commercial presterilizedplastic filter holder containing a 0.45-m membrane filter. (Noother filter pore size should be used.)NOTE 1If a larger pore size filter is used, organisms may pass throughthe filter; a smaller pore size filter does not
11、 wick up sufficient growthmedia, hence the level of recovery will be less than that of the 0.45-mfilter.3.2.3 total count testera paddle shaped plastic filter as-sembly containing a 0.45-m membrane filter and dehydratednutrient pad.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test Method ASample TapDirect Filtratio
12、nAsam-pling valve as or similar to that shown in Fig. 1 is installed ina pressurized line. The valve illustrated has a self closure anda male luer outlet fitting. This valve design minimized thechance of extraneous contamination. Any valve used forsampling should be constructed in a manner to reduce
13、 orprevent the retention of bacteria within its internal surfaces,and should be easily sanitized. The bacterial monitor isconnected to either the luer outlet of the illustrated samplingvalve, or in a suitable manner to an equivalent valve. The water1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of A
14、STM Committee F01 onElectronics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.10 on ProcessingEnvironments.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 109487(1999).2The dip strip (Total Count Tester or
15、 SPC Sampler) method is permissible forwaters containing 10 microorganisms per millilitre.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
16、mary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.sample is passed directly through the monitor, and the effluentvolume is measured after this filtration. Test Methods F60arethen employed for bacteriologica
17、l examination of the sample.4.2 Test Method BPresterilized Plastic BagThe sam-pling valve is installed as in Test Method A, then flushed cleanprior to taking the samples. The water sample is directly flowedinto a presterilized, precalibrated plastic disposable bag. Aftersampling, the plastic bag is
18、sealed and stored briefly prior tobacteriological analysis of the sample. The sample may bestored at room temperature if analyzed within 2 h, otherwise, itshould be stored from 4 to to 10C and analyzed within 6 h.4.2.1 Sample analysis is conducted by either Test MethodsF60or Test Method F 488 for ba
19、cterial content of the water.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods provide a field technique for thebacteriological analysis of electronic process waters. Thesampling of these waters and subsequent bacteriological analy-sis may be critical to electronic product yields. Bacteria can bethe pri
20、me source of harmful contamination which can signifi-cantly reduce the yield of satisfactory microelectronic deviceproduction.5.2 The test methods described here may be used both tomonitor the bacteriological quality of water used in microelec-tronic product processing, and to locate the source of b
21、acterialcontamination in a water purification system.5.3 These test methods are simple field methods, combiningsampling and bacteriological analysis techniques that do notrequire bacteriological laboratory facilities.5.4 The test methods described employ culture techniquesfor bacteriological analysi
22、s. The user should be aware that suchtechniques cannot provide a complete count of the total viablebacteria present, since clumps and clusters of bacteria willappear as one single colony when cultured, and since someviable bacteria will not grow under the test conditions used.However, a meaningful c
23、omparative bacteria count will beachieved by this method if the culturing of the sample is alwaysdone at the same temperature, and for the same period of time.The temperature of incubation should always be at 28 6 2C,and the period of incubation should be 48 h (or 72 h if timepermits). The period of
24、 incubation and temperature should bethe same for all comparative studies.TEST METHOD ADIRECT SAMPLE TAP6. Apparatus6.1 Sampling Tap,4see Fig. 1.6.2 Bacteriological Monitor5with 0.45-m membrane fil-ter.6.3 Sanitarians Kit,5consisting of metal syringe, specialtwo way valve, and stainless steel gradua
25、ted cup.6.4 Forceps5with blunt stainless, unserrated tips.6.5 Incubator , capable of holding temperature within 61Cin a range from 27 to 40C.6.6 Illuminator, 15 to 30-W incandescent or 8 to 10-Wfluorescent are generally acceptable. If incandescent light isconcentrated through or by a magnifying lens
26、, a lower wattagemay suffice.6.7 Magnifier,5to153 for counting colonies. An illumi-nator hand magnifier or a stereoscopic (dissection-type) micro-scope are satisfactory.6.8 Hypodermic Needle, No. 18, 2-in. blunt nose withplastic syringe.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Isopropyl alcohol, 70 to 90 %, or
27、3 to 6 % semi-standardor reagent grade, hydrogen peroxide solution.4The sole source of supply of valves, YY2004000, and YY20E4010 (cataloguenumber), known to the committee at this time is Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMH
28、eadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of these products known to the committee at this timeis Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleasepro
29、vide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Sampling Valve in Wall of Pressurized LineF 1094 87 (2005)27.2 Nutrient media5Supplied in double-tip scored am-poule or impervio
30、us plastic ampoule of either type listed:7.2.1 Membrane heterotrophic plate count, M-HPC Formu-lation:Peptone2.0 g.Gelatin2.5 g.Glycerol1.0 mL.Water (Reagent Grade IV)100 mL (see SpecificationD 1193).7.2.2 Membrane tryptose extract, M-TGE Formulation:Beef Extract0.3 g.Tryptone0.5 g.Glucose0.1 g.Wate
31、r (Reagent Grade IV)100 mL.8. Procedure8.1 Sampling:8.1.1 Connect sampling valve to pressurized line as shownin Fig. 1.8.1.2 With water system operating, open valve fully, flushfor 60 s at fast flow rate, and close the valve.8.1.3 Fill syringe with blunt nose No. 18 needle with 70 to90 % isopropyl a
32、lcohol, (or 3 to 6 % semi-standard or reagentgrade, hydrogen peroxide), and insert the 2-in. needle com-pletely into the sampling valve outlet port.8.1.4 Inject 5 mL of the sanitizing agent chosen into thesampling port and allow to stand for 1 min. Remove the needlefrom the outlet port, and squirt s
33、ome of the agent on the outsideof the male luer connector.8.1.5 Flush the valve again for 1 min and close the valve.8.1.6 Remove inlet and outlet caps from a bacteriologicalmonitor. Place caps aside on a clean surface, and avoidcontaminating the inner surfaces. Connect the monitor to themale luer ou
34、tlet of the sampling valve, as shown in Fig. 2.Avoid finger contacts of inlet and outlets of monitor.8.1.7 Open sampling valve, by turning counter-clockwisethe knurled outlet body, and allow 100 mL (Note 2) of sampleto pass through the monitor into a volumetric container. Closethe valve.NOTE 2To com
35、pensate for the natural bacterial growth variability indifferent water samples, the size of sample tested should be chosen inrelation to the expected count level of organisms for that particularsample. Therefore, a sample size of at least 100 mL or greater should becollected for “polished” high puri
36、ty water containing low bacterial counts(2 to 10 organisms per millilitre). For high count waters (10 organismsper millilitre), the sample size may be as little as 1 mL.8.1.8 Remove the monitor from the outlet luer and attach thesyringe pump to the outlet side of the monitor. Draw theresidual fluid
37、from the monitor.8.1.9 One of the two nutrient media (7.2.1 and 7.2.2) may beused for culturing the microorganisms collected in the watersample. If the M-HPC medium is chosen, the use of the plasticampoule is described in 8.1.9.1. If the M-TGE medium isselected, the use of the double tip, scored gla
38、ss ampoule isdescribed in 8.1.9.2. If the latter is used, the tip of the ampouleshould be flamed prior to use. The M-HPC medium has beenfound to be the preferred nutrient for analyzing high puritywaters where, due to a lack of sufficient nutrients, organismsmay be injured and consequently their grow
39、th could beinhibited by exposure to high nutrient media.8.1.9.1 Remove the monitor from the syringe and hold itwith membrane side up. Open plastic ampoule by twisting capof container. Remove and discard. Align the opening at the tipof the ampoule to the inlet (top) of the monitor. Holding theampoule
40、 in a vertical position, and pressing firmly to the inletof the monitor, squeeze the contents drop by drop into themonitor, and onto the membrane surface. Remove the ampoule,attach a luer-slip syringe to the bottom opening of the monitorand draw medium gently through the membrane. Maintain aslight v
41、acuum until all the medium passes through the mem-brane surface. Remove the syringe and proceed to 8.1.10.8.1.9.2 Remove the monitor from syringe and hold it withthe pad side (outlet side) up. Break or crunch the sleeve-covered tip of the ampoule between the inside of the forcepsnear the forceps han
42、dle. Holding the tip of a finger over thesleeve of the ampoule, break off the scored tip, insert it into theoutlet port of the monitor, and using the ampoule in a pipet-likefashion, slowly release the 0.8-mL contents into the absorbentpad. Swirl the medium around the monitor until the pad isevenly c
43、overed. Remove the ampoule.8.1.10 Replace the caps (avoiding contamination of theirinner surfaces) on the monitor and place the monitor in theincubator at 28 6 2C, grid side down.8.1.11 Incubate for 48 h at 28 6 2C.8.2 Counting Colonies:8.2.1 Colonies appear as clear white, yellow, or gray roundspot
44、s 1 to 2 mm in diameter, and are counted under low powermagnification, 5 to 10 3 . If there are fewer than about twocolonies per grid square, count all the colonies on ten randomlychosen grid squares and multiply this count by ten to arrive attotal number of colonies per filter.8.2.2 Express results
45、 as the number of colonies per millilitreof water sample.TEST METHOD BPRESTERILIZED PLASTICBAGSAMPLING9. Apparatus9.1 Commercial plastic bag,5presterilized, with volumecalibration template and storage rack.9.2 Same apparatus as in Test Method A, 6.1 through 6.8.9.3 Alternative analysis equipment (pe
46、rmissible for watercontaining 10 organisms/millilitre):FIG. 2 Monitor on Luer Outlet of Sampling ValveF 1094 87 (2005)39.3.1 Total Count Water Tester,6with M-TGE medium, or9.3.2 SPC Samples6(see Fig. 3).10. Reagents and Materials10.1 See 7.1 through 7.2.2.11. Procedure11.1 Sampling:11.1.1 Using the
47、volume calibration template, premark theplastic bag at 100 mL (or as appropriate) prior to sampling.11.1.2 Follow 8.1.1 through 8.1.5 from Procedure sectionsin Test Method A.11.1.3 Open the bag by pulling the tabs and place the bagunder the sample tap. Open the valve and allow the samplewater to fil
48、l to the 100-mL mark (or to level as appropriate).Exercise care not to contaminate the inside surfaces of thepresterilized bag while sampling.11.1.4 Seal the plastic bag by pulling the tabs and wrappingthe top of the bag with several turns, then bending the tabstoward the center of the bag. Place th
49、e filled bag in the storagerack.11.2 AnalysisConduct an analysis of the sample within 2h if the sample is held at room temperature, or6hifsample isheld from 4 to 10C. Use either the monitor or the water testermethod.11.2.1 Monitor Method of Analysis:11.2.1.1 Remove the plug from the upper part of thebacteriological monitor and insert the sampling tube adapter.Attach the syringe and valve pump to the lower monitor port.11.2.1.2 Prior to opening the plastic sample bag, shake 20 to30 times, then remove the protective envelope from thesampling tub
