1、Designation: F 1120 87 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Specification forCircular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for PipingApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-ments for t
3、he mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, andtesting of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints usedto absorb the dimensional changes resulting from pipingthermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement ofterminal equipment and supporting structures.1.2 Additional or better fe
4、atures, over and above the mini-mum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibitedby this specification.1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherentflexibility through natural changes in direction so that anydisplacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains,within a
5、cceptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherentflexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibilitythrough the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformat
6、ion only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:2B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsB16.25 Butt Welding EndsB31.1 Power Piping Code2.2 ASME Standards:3Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure VesselsSection IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications2.3 EJMA Standard:4Standards of the Expansion Joint Ma
7、nufacturers Associa-tion2.4 Pipe Fabrication Institute Standard:5ES-3 Fabrication Tolerances3. Terminology Definitions3.1 Expansion joint definitions shall be in accordance withthose in the EJMA standards.3.2 double expansion jointexpansion joint consisting oftwo bellows joined by a common connector
8、.3.2.1 DiscussionThe common connector is anchored tosome rigid part of the installation by means of an anchor base.The anchor base may be attached to the common connectoreither at installation or at time of manufacture. Each bellowsacts as a single expansion joint and absorbs the movement ofthe pipe
9、 section in which it is installed independently of theother bellows.3.3 gimbal expansion jointexpansion joint designed topermit angular rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs ofhinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring.3.3.1 DiscussionThe gimbal ring, hinges, and pins aredesigned to res
10、train the thrust of the expansion joint as a resultof internal pressure and extraneous forces, where applicable.3.4 hinged expansion jointexpansion joint containing onebellow designed to permit angular rotation in one plane only bythe use of a pair of pins through hinge plates attached to theexpansi
11、on joint ends.3.4.1 DiscussionThe hinges and hinge pins are designedto restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result ofinternal pressure and extraneous forces. Hinged expansionjoints should be used in sets of two or three to functionproperly.3.5 pressure balanced expansion jointexpansion jo
12、int de-signed to absorb axial movement or lateral deflection, or both,while restraining the pressure thrust by means of tie devicesinterconnecting the flow bellows with an opposed bellows alsosubjected to line pressure.3.5.1 DiscussionThis type of expansion joint is intendedfor use where a change of
13、 direction occurs in a run of piping.The flow end of a pressure balanced expansion joint sometimes1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 onMachinery and Piping Systems.Current edition a
14、pproved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1120 87 (1998).2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (A
15、SME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.4Available from Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, 25 N. Broadway,Tarrytown, NY 10591. The Standards of the Expansion Joint ManufacturersAssociation are a collection of standards developed by this industry and pub
16、lishedin one volume, herein called EJMA Standards.5Available from Pipe Fabrication Institute, 1326 Freeport Rd., Pittsburgh,PA 15238.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.contains two bellows separated by a common connector
17、, inwhich case it is called a universal pressure balanced expansionjoint.3.6 single expansion jointsimplest form of expansionjoint, consisting of single bellows construction, designed toabsorb all movement of the pipe section in which it is installed.3.7 swing expansion jointexpansion joint designed
18、 toabsorb lateral deflection or angular rotation, or both, in oneplane.3.7.1 DiscussionPressure thrust and extraneous forces arerestrained by the use of a pair of swing bars, each of which ispinned to the expansion joint ends.3.8 universal expansion jointexpansion joint containingtwo bellows joined
19、by a common connector for the purpose ofabsorbing any combination of axial movement, lateral deflec-tion, and angular rotation.3.8.1 DiscussionUniversal expansion joints are usuallyfurnished with control rods to distribute the movement betweenthe two bellows of the expansion joint and stabilize thec
20、ommon connector.4. Ordering Information4.1 An expansion joint is a unique product and must bespecifically designed for the intended service. It is the respon-sibility of the piping system designer to supply sufficientengineering data necessary for the complete design. Theinformation compiled by the
21、piping system designer must becomplete and contain all pertinent data detailing the conditionsunder which the expansion joint is expected to operate.4.2 Orders for each expansion joint shall include the fol-lowing information:4.2.1 Title, designation number, and latest revision of thisspecification.
22、4.2.2 SizeThe nominal pipe diameter or specific ductingdiameter.4.2.3 Type of Expansion Jointsingle, double, universal,guided, hinged, gimbal, swing, or pressure balanced.4.2.4 Flow Characteristics:4.2.4.1 Flow Mediumindicate whether the medium is gasor liquid.4.2.4.2 Flow velocity, medium density,
23、or viscosity, orcombination thereof.4.2.4.3 Flow direction.4.2.5 Pressure in psig (N/mm2)design, operating, and testpressures.4.2.6 Temperature in F (C)design, operating, and instal-lation temperatures.4.2.7 Movementaxial (extension, compression); lateral(single plane, multiplane); angular; torsiona
24、l (to be avoided).Differentiate between start-up, operational, or field installationtolerance movements.4.2.8 MaterialsMaterial types (including that for the bel-lows) shall be specified by the purchaser (see 5.1 for materialrestrictions).4.2.9 Internal LinerLiner shall be specified when neededbecau
25、se of flow velocity or other flow conditions. Specificcriteria for liners is shown in Section C-3 of the EJMAStandards (see 6.6).4.2.10 External CoverTo protect personnel having closeaccess to the bellows, when thermal insulation is to be added inthe field, or when external mechanical damage is poss
26、ible (see6.5).4.2.11 End FittingsThe type of end connections such asflanged, threaded, or others to match the mating piping orterminal equipment.4.2.12 AccessoriesSpecify what accessories are requiredand the conditions under which they operate. Consider itemssuch as insulation lugs, tie, limit, or c
27、ontrol rods, pantographiclinkages, trunions, gimbals, drains, purge connections, anchorbases, and interply monitoring devices.4.2.13 Dimensional LimitationsIf space limitations exist,specify the maximum overall length, maximum outside diam-eter, minimum inside diameter, and installation tolerances.4
28、.2.14 Operating ForcesSpecify calculated bellowsspring forces and pressure thrust forces if they are required forsubsequent anchor design or other piping systems analysis. Ifthere are maximum allowable values, these must also bespecified.4.2.15 Installation Positionhorizontal, vertical (flow upor do
29、wn). Specify if liner drainage holes are required.4.2.16 Cycle Life RequirementsSpecify an anticipatednumber of thermal cycles over the intended life of theexpansion joint.4.2.17 Testing RequirementsSpecify testing requirementsin addition to the hydrostatic test required by 9.4 (for example,vacuum t
30、esting, testing at operating temperature).4.2.18 Inspection RequirementsSpecify inspection re-quirements in addition to the inspection required by Section 9(that is, radiographic, fluorescent penetrant, or mass spectrom-eter).4.2.19 Piping Code RequirementsSpecify any piping ordesign code that must
31、be used as the basis for design inaddition to those specified in 5.2.4.2.20 Special RequirementsSpecify the magnitude ofspecial system conditions such as vibration, shock, or hydraulicsurge.4.2.21 Shipping RequirementsSpecify whether specialpacking is required including protection for extended outsi
32、destorage, export handling, or special lifting considerations forheavy or large assemblies.4.2.22 Piping DrawingIn addition to specifying the aboveinformation it would be beneficial to provide a drawing of theproposed piping system.4.2.23 Supplementary RequirementsSpecify any addi-tional requirement
33、s not identified herein.4.3 Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 should be used as a guide in orderingexpansion joints to this specification.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Pressure-containing parts shall be manufactured frommaterial specifications and grades listed in Section VIII,Division 1, of theAS
34、ME Code orANSI B31.1. End connectionmaterial shall have in service properties similar to the bellowsmaterial. Flanges shall meet ANSI B16.5.5.1.2 All other materials of construction shall be of the typespecified by the user and shall conform to an ASTM or ASMEF 1120 87 (2004)2FIG. 1 Standard Expansi
35、on Joint Specification SheetF 1120 87 (2004)3FIG. 2 Supplemental Specification Sheet (To Be Used With Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet)F 1120 87 (2004)4material specification. Materials not identified by the orderingdata shall be of the manufacturers standard and of the samequality used
36、for the intended purpose in commercial practice.5.1.3 Materials used shall be free from defects that wouldadversely affect the performance of the expansion joint.5.1.4 All material incorporated in the work covered by thisspecification shall be new. The use of rebuilt or used productsis not allowed u
37、nder this specification.5.1.5 Materials for hinge or gimbal hardware, or othersliding parts, shall be chosen to minimize galling of thecontacting parts.5.2 Manufacture:5.2.1 Expansion joints shall be designed and fabricated inaccordance with requirements set forth in the ordering data andthe EJMA St
38、andards.5.2.2 Nonstandard flanges shall be designed and fabricatedin accordance with Appendix 2 of Section VIII, Division 1, ofthe ASME Code. Flanges machined from plate shall not beused at pressures exceeding 150 psi (1034 kPa) and tempera-tures exceeding 450F (232C). Hubbed flanges machinedfrom pl
39、ate or bar stock shall meet the requirements ofAppendix 2, Paragraph 2-2(d) of Section VIII, Division 1, ofthe ASME Code.5.2.3 All welding shall be accomplished in accordance withANSI B 31.1.5.2.4 Welding personnel and welding procedures shall bequalified in accordance with the applicable sections o
40、f SectionIX of the ASME Code.5.2.5 All fabrication details not covered by the referencedcodes and standards shall be taken from the appropriate ANSIstandard. If no standard applies, accepted industry practiceshall govern.5.2.6 The bellows shall be of tested and proven convolutiongeometry.6. Other Re
41、quirements6.1 The details of design, material supply, fabrication, andtesting of the complete product are the responsibility of themanufacturer unless specific details are requested by thepurchaser.6.2 The specified normal operating movements (axial, lat-eral, and angular) shall be available concurr
42、ently. The specifiedlateral and angular movements shall be available on either sideof the expansion joint centerline.6.3 Internal sleeves, external covers, and all attached hard-ware shall be constructed so as not to interfere with adjacentparts when the joint is in the fully deflected position.6.4
43、Universal expansion joints shall be designed and fabri-cated to be self-supporting and not require any externalstructure for the support of the center pipe spool piece and itscontents.6.5 Expansion joints to be installed in systems above 150F(66C) shall have an external cover. When external mechanic
44、aldamage is possible, a cover shall be fabricated to protect thejoint and personnel.6.6 Internal sleeves shall be installed in expansion jointswhen the fluid velocity of the system, where the expansionjoint is to be installed, is greater than the values listed inSection C-3.1 of the EJMA Standards a
45、nd where the flowvelocity exceeds 75 % of the velocity calculated using SectionC-3.1.4 of the EJMA Standards.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 Dimensional tolerances on completed expansion jointassemblies shall be in accordance with Section D-2.9 of theEJMA Standards and Standard ES-3 of t
46、he Pipe FabricatingInstitute.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The quality of workmanship shall be such as to producea product that is in accordance with the requirements of thisspecification and ensures the proper functioning of all parts ofthe unit.8.2 The bellows shall be manufactured and
47、 carefullyhandled to prevent surface flaws or deep scratches from beinggenerated. The surface condition of the completed joint assem-bly shall be free from injurious surface discontinuities and anycontaminants that would affect the operation of the assembly.8.3 On completion of fabrication, and befo
48、re shipment, themanufacturer shall clean the inside and outside of the com-pleted assembly of all loose scale, grease, dirt, sand, rust, weldspatter, cutting chips, and any other foreign matter by anysuitable means. The inside of the assembly shall then beinspected for cleanliness. All openings wher
49、e practicable shallbe suitably closed to prevent the entrance of foreign matterafter cleaning and during shipment. The use of chlorinatedsolvents is prohibited.9. Inspection9.1 The responsibility for quality control rests with themanufacturer. However, all phases of fabrication may besubject to review by a representative of the purchaser.9.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall haveaccess at all times, while work on the contract of the purchaseris being performed, to all parts of the manufacturers plant thatconcern the manufac
