1、Designation: F1120 87 (Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Specification forCircular Metallic Bellows Type Expansion Joints for PipingApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-ments for the
3、mechanical design, manufacture, inspection, andtesting of circular metallic bellows-type expansion joints usedto absorb the dimensional changes resulting from pipingthermal expansion or contraction, as well as the movement ofterminal equipment and supporting structures.1.2 Additional or better featu
4、res, over and above the mini-mum requirements set by this specification, are not prohibitedby this specification.1.3 The layout of many piping systems provides inherentflexibility through natural changes in direction so that anydisplacements produce primarily bending or torsional strains,within acce
5、ptable limits. Where the system lacks this inherentflexibility the designer should then consider adding flexibilitythrough the use of metallic bellows-type expansion joints.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation
6、 only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:2ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsB16.25 Butt Welding EndsANSI B31.1 Power Piping Code2.2 ASME Standards:3Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure VesselsSection IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications2.3 EJMA Standard:4Standards of the Expansion J
7、oint Manufacturers Associa-tion2.4 Pipe Fabrication Institute Standard:5ES-3 Fabrication Tolerances3. Terminology Definitions3.1 Expansion joint definitions shall be in accordance withthose in the EJMA standards.3.2 double expansion jointexpansion joint consisting oftwo bellows joined by a common co
8、nnector.3.2.1 DiscussionThe common connector is anchored tosome rigid part of the installation by means of an anchor base.The anchor base may be attached to the common connectoreither at installation or at time of manufacture. Each bellowsacts as a single expansion joint and absorbs the movement oft
9、he pipe section in which it is installed independently of theother bellows.3.3 gimbal expansion jointexpansion joint designed topermit angular rotation in any plane by the use of two pairs ofhinges affixed to a common floating gimbal ring.3.3.1 DiscussionThe gimbal ring, hinges, and pins aredesigned
10、 to restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a resultof internal pressure and extraneous forces, where applicable.3.4 hinged expansion jointexpansion joint containing onebellow designed to permit angular rotation in one plane only bythe use of a pair of pins through hinge plates attached to the
11、expansion joint ends.3.4.1 DiscussionThe hinges and hinge pins are designedto restrain the thrust of the expansion joint as a result ofinternal pressure and extraneous forces. Hinged expansionjoints should be used in sets of two or three to functionproperly.3.5 pressure balanced expansion jointexpan
12、sion joint de-signed to absorb axial movement or lateral deflection, or both,while restraining the pressure thrust by means of tie devicesinterconnecting the flow bellows with an opposed bellows alsosubjected to line pressure.3.5.1 DiscussionThis type of expansion joint is intendedfor use where a ch
13、ange of direction occurs in a run of piping.The flow end of a pressure balanced expansion joint sometimes1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 onMachinery and Piping Systems.Current ed
14、ition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1120 87 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/F1120-87R10.2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.3Available fr
15、om American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, 25 N. Broadway,Tarrytown, NY 10591. The Standards of the Expansion Joint ManufacturersAssociatio
16、n are a collection of standards developed by this industry and publishedin one volume, herein called EJMA Standards.5Available from Pipe Fabrication Institute, 1326 Freeport Rd., Pittsburgh, PA15238.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
17、United States.contains two bellows separated by a common connector, inwhich case it is called a universal pressure balanced expansionjoint.3.6 single expansion jointsimplest form of expansionjoint, consisting of single bellows construction, designed toabsorb all movement of the pipe section in which
18、 it is installed.3.7 swing expansion jointexpansion joint designed toabsorb lateral deflection or angular rotation, or both, in oneplane.3.7.1 DiscussionPressure thrust and extraneous forces arerestrained by the use of a pair of swing bars, each of which ispinned to the expansion joint ends.3.8 univ
19、ersal expansion jointexpansion joint containingtwo bellows joined by a common connector for the purpose ofabsorbing any combination of axial movement, lateral deflec-tion, and angular rotation.3.8.1 DiscussionUniversal expansion joints are usuallyfurnished with control rods to distribute the movemen
20、t betweenthe two bellows of the expansion joint and stabilize thecommon connector.4. Ordering Information4.1 An expansion joint is a unique product and must bespecifically designed for the intended service. It is the respon-sibility of the piping system designer to supply sufficientengineering data
21、necessary for the complete design. Theinformation compiled by the piping system designer must becomplete and contain all pertinent data detailing the conditionsunder which the expansion joint is expected to operate.4.2 Orders for each expansion joint shall include the fol-lowing information:4.2.1 Ti
22、tle, designation number, and latest revision of thisspecification.4.2.2 SizeThe nominal pipe diameter or specific ductingdiameter.4.2.3 Type of Expansion Jointsingle, double, universal,guided, hinged, gimbal, swing, or pressure balanced.4.2.4 Flow Characteristics:4.2.4.1 Flow Mediumindicate whether
23、the medium is gasor liquid.4.2.4.2 Flow velocity, medium density, or viscosity, orcombination thereof.4.2.4.3 Flow direction.4.2.5 Pressure in psig (N/mm2)design, operating, and testpressures.4.2.6 Temperature in F (C)design, operating, and instal-lation temperatures.4.2.7 Movementaxial (extension,
24、compression); lateral(single plane, multiplane); angular; torsional (to be avoided).Differentiate between start-up, operational, or field installationtolerance movements.4.2.8 MaterialsMaterial types (including that for the bel-lows) shall be specified by the purchaser (see 5.1 for materialrestricti
25、ons).4.2.9 Internal LinerLiner shall be specified when neededbecause of flow velocity or other flow conditions. Specificcriteria for liners is shown in Section C-3 of the EJMAStandards (see 6.6).4.2.10 External CoverTo protect personnel having closeaccess to the bellows, when thermal insulation is t
26、o be added inthe field, or when external mechanical damage is possible (see6.5).4.2.11 End FittingsThe type of end connections such asflanged, threaded, or others to match the mating piping orterminal equipment.4.2.12 AccessoriesSpecify what accessories are requiredand the conditions under which the
27、y operate. Consider itemssuch as insulation lugs, tie, limit, or control rods, pantographiclinkages, trunions, gimbals, drains, purge connections, anchorbases, and interply monitoring devices.4.2.13 Dimensional LimitationsIf space limitations exist,specify the maximum overall length, maximum outside
28、 diam-eter, minimum inside diameter, and installation tolerances.4.2.14 Operating ForcesSpecify calculated bellowsspring forces and pressure thrust forces if they are required forsubsequent anchor design or other piping systems analysis. Ifthere are maximum allowable values, these must also bespecif
29、ied.4.2.15 Installation Positionhorizontal, vertical (flow upor down). Specify if liner drainage holes are required.4.2.16 Cycle Life RequirementsSpecify an anticipatednumber of thermal cycles over the intended life of theexpansion joint.4.2.17 Testing RequirementsSpecify testing requirementsin addi
30、tion to the hydrostatic test required by 9.4 (for example,vacuum testing, testing at operating temperature).4.2.18 Inspection RequirementsSpecify inspection re-quirements in addition to the inspection required by Section 9(that is, radiographic, fluorescent penetrant, or mass spectrom-eter).4.2.19 P
31、iping Code RequirementsSpecify any piping ordesign code that must be used as the basis for design inaddition to those specified in 5.2.4.2.20 Special RequirementsSpecify the magnitude ofspecial system conditions such as vibration, shock, or hydraulicsurge.4.2.21 Shipping RequirementsSpecify whether
32、specialpacking is required including protection for extended outsidestorage, export handling, or special lifting considerations forheavy or large assemblies.4.2.22 Piping DrawingIn addition to specifying the aboveinformation it would be beneficial to provide a drawing of theproposed piping system.4.
33、2.23 Supplementary RequirementsSpecify any addi-tional requirements not identified herein.4.3 Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 should be used as a guide in orderingexpansion joints to this specification.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials:5.1.1 Pressure-containing parts shall be manufactured frommaterial spe
34、cifications and grades listed in Section VIII,Division 1, of theASME Code orANSI B31.1. End connectionmaterial shall have in service properties similar to the bellowsmaterial. Flanges shall meet ANSI B16.5.5.1.2 All other materials of construction shall be of the typespecified by the user and shall
35、conform to an ASTM or ASMEF1120 87 (2010)2FIG. 1 Standard Expansion Joint Specification SheetF1120 87 (2010)3FIG. 2 Supplemental Specification Sheet (To Be Used With Standard Expansion Joint Specification Sheet)F1120 87 (2010)4material specification. Materials not identified by the orderingdata shal
36、l be of the manufacturers standard and of the samequality used for the intended purpose in commercial practice.5.1.3 Materials used shall be free from defects that wouldadversely affect the performance of the expansion joint.5.1.4 All material incorporated in the work covered by thisspecification sh
37、all be new. The use of rebuilt or used productsis not allowed under this specification.5.1.5 Materials for hinge or gimbal hardware, or othersliding parts, shall be chosen to minimize galling of thecontacting parts.5.2 Manufacture:5.2.1 Expansion joints shall be designed and fabricated inaccordance
38、with requirements set forth in the ordering data andthe EJMA Standards.5.2.2 Nonstandard flanges shall be designed and fabricatedin accordance with Appendix 2 of Section VIII, Division 1,ofthe ASME Code. Flanges machined from plate shall not beused at pressures exceeding 150 psi (1034 kPa) and tempe
39、ra-tures exceeding 450F (232C). Hubbed flanges machinedfrom plate or bar stock shall meet the requirements ofAppendix 2, Paragraph 2-2(d)ofSection VIII, Division 1,ofthe ASME Code.5.2.3 All welding shall be accomplished in accordance withANSI B31.15.2.4 Welding personnel and welding procedures shall
40、 bequalified in accordance with the applicable sections of SectionIX, of the ASME Code.5.2.5 All fabrication details not covered by the referencedcodes and standards shall be taken from the appropriate ANSIstandard. If no standard applies, accepted industry practiceshall govern.5.2.6 The bellows sha
41、ll be of tested and proven convolutiongeometry.6. Other Requirements6.1 The details of design, material supply, fabrication, andtesting of the complete product are the responsibility of themanufacturer unless specific details are requested by thepurchaser.6.2 The specified normal operating movements
42、 (axial, lat-eral, and angular) shall be available concurrently. The specifiedlateral and angular movements shall be available on either sideof the expansion joint centerline.6.3 Internal sleeves, external covers, and all attached hard-ware shall be constructed so as not to interfere with adjacentpa
43、rts when the joint is in the fully deflected position.6.4 Universal expansion joints shall be designed and fabri-cated to be self-supporting and not require any externalstructure for the support of the center pipe spool piece and itscontents.6.5 Expansion joints to be installed in systems above 150F
44、(66C) shall have an external cover. When external mechanicaldamage is possible, a cover shall be fabricated to protect thejoint and personnel.6.6 Internal sleeves shall be installed in expansion jointswhen the fluid velocity of the system, where the expansionjoint is to be installed, is greater than
45、 the values listed inSection C-3.1 of the EJMA Standards and where the flowvelocity exceeds 75 % of the velocity calculated using SectionC-3.1.4 of the EJMA Standards.7. Dimensions and Permissible Variations7.1 Dimensional tolerances on completed expansion jointassemblies shall be in accordance with
46、 Section D-2.9 of theEJMA Standards and Standard ES-3 of the Pipe FabricatingInstitute.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The quality of workmanship shall be such as to producea product that is in accordance with the requirements of thisspecification and ensures the proper functioning of all
47、parts ofthe unit.8.2 The bellows shall be manufactured and carefullyhandled to prevent surface flaws or deep scratches from beinggenerated. The surface condition of the completed joint assem-bly shall be free from injurious surface discontinuities and anycontaminants that would affect the operation
48、of the assembly.8.3 On completion of fabrication, and before shipment, themanufacturer shall clean the inside and outside of the com-pleted assembly of all loose scale, grease, dirt, sand, rust, weldspatter, cutting chips, and any other foreign matter by anysuitable means. The inside of the assembly
49、 shall then beinspected for cleanliness. All openings where practicable shallbe suitably closed to prevent the entrance of foreign matterafter cleaning and during shipment. The use of chlorinatedsolvents is prohibited.9. Inspection9.1 The responsibility for quality control rests with themanufacturer. However, all phases of fabrication may besubject to review by a representative of the purchaser.9.2 The inspector representing the purchaser shall haveaccess at all times, while work on the contract of the purchaseris being performed, to
