1、Designation: F1154 11Standard Practices forQualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, andDurability of Protective Ensembles and EnsembleComponents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, storage, maintenance, and transp
3、ortation of chemicals canbe exposed to numerous substances capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. Thedeleterious effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma, such as dermatitis or burns, tochronic degenerative disease, such as cancer or pulmonary fibrosis. Since enginee
4、ring controls maynot eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often given to reducing the potential for direct skincontact through the use of protective clothing that resists degradation, penetration, and permeation.Chemical-protective ensembles range from outfits of gloves, boots, and coveral
5、ls to totally-encapsulating ensembles employing self-contained or airline-supplied, breathing apparatus. Theensemble of chemical-protective clothing in combination with gloves, boots, a breathing apparatus,and other auxiliary protective equipment can provide maximum protection to wearers in situatio
6、nswhen no contact with hazardous chemicals is permitted. Chemical-protective ensembles are oftenselected on the basis of material chemical resistance, but equally important are the comfort, fit,functionality, and overall integrity of the ensemble allowing the wearer to safely carry out his or herass
7、igned tasks. Few standards, if any, apply to the design and manufacture of chemical-protectiveensembles. Additionally, protective clothing designs vary depending on different end use applicationsin industrial settings, hazardous waste site clean up, and emergency response.As a consequence, usersare
8、faced with a variety of commercial products and generally depend on manufacturer salesinformation to decide which protective clothing is appropriate for their own application. Otherprotective equipment such as gloves, boots, respiratory protective equipment, communicationssystems, and cooling device
9、s must also be selected and integrated with the chemical-protectiveclothing to provide an ensemble with adequate protection.This standard is intended to provide standardized methods for qualitatively evaluating the comfort,fit, function, and durability of chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble c
10、omponents. It may alsobe used by protective clothing manufacturers to assess current or proposed designs.1. Scope1.1 These practices are intended for evaluating chemical-protective ensembles and ensemble components to determinethe suitability of the ensemble or ensemble components in awork environme
11、nt on the basis of its comfort, fit, function, anddurability.1.1.1 Option A is a manned exercise scenario intended totest the strength and durability of the ensemble components.1.1.2 Option B is a manned work task scenario intended todetermine human factor characteristics and the ability of thesuite
12、d test subject to perform tasks that may be encountered ona routine basis in a typical work environment.1.2 These practices apply to most chemical-protective en-sembles and ensemble components.1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values in parentheses a
13、re givenfor information only.1These practices are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee F23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 1988. La
14、st previous edition approved in 2010 as F1154 10. DOI: 10.1520/F1154-11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t
15、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safetyprecautions are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1052 Test Method for Pressure Tes
16、ting Vapor ProtectiveSuitsF1359 Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance ofProtective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under aShower Spray While on a Mannequin2.2 OSHA Specifications:329 CFR Part 1910.25 Portable Wood Ladders29 CFR Part 1910.26 Portable Metal Ladders3. Terminology3.1 Definition
17、s of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 chemical-protective suit ensemble, nthe combina-tion of protective clothing with respiratory protective equip-ment, hoods, helmets, gloves, boots, communications systems,cooling devices, and other accessories intended to protect thewearer from a chemical ha
18、zard when worn together.3.1.2 degradation, nthe deleterious change in one or moreproperties of a material.3.1.3 hazardous chemicalany solid, liquid, gas, or mix-ture thereof that can potentially cause harm to the human bodythrough inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.3.1.4 penetration, nfor che
19、mical protective clothing, themovement of substances through voids in protective clothingmaterials or item on a non-molecular level.3.1.4.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes andimperfections in closures, seams, interfaces and protectiveclothing materials. Penetration does not require a chan
20、ge ofstate; solid chemical move through voids in the material assolids, liquids as liquids and gases as gases. Penetration is adistinctly different mechanism from permeation.3.1.5 permeation, nfor chemical protective clothing, themovement of chemicals as molecules through protective cloth-ing materi
21、als items by the processes of (1) absorption of thechemical into the contact surface of the material, (2) diffusionof the absorbed molecules throughout the material, and (3)desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of thematerial.3.1.5.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly differentmecha
22、nism from penetration.3.1.6 protective clothing, nan item of clothing that isspecifically designed and constructed for the intended purposeof isolating all or part of the body from a potential hazard; or,isolating the external environment from contamination by thewearer of the clothing.4. Summary of
23、 Practices4.1 In Option A, the durability of the chemical-protectiveensembles and ensemble components are evaluated by subject-ing the protective ensemble to a manned exercise scenario. Thesuit is inspected prior to and after the series of exercises toassess any changes in the garments integrity.4.2
24、 In Option B, the function of the chemical-protectiveensemble and ensemble components are evaluated by observ-ing the ability of a test subject to perform routine work taskswhile wearing the protective ensemble. As in Procedure A, thesuit is inspected prior to and after the series of tasks to assess
25、changes in the garments integrity.4.3 For each option, the fit and comfort of the chemical-protective ensemble and ensemble components are assessed bymeasuring the test subjects body dimensions and mass, andthe dimensions and mass of the ensemble. These measurementscan be qualitatively used to evalu
26、ate fit and comfort by relatingtest subject and ensemble measurements to test subject re-sponses following each test.5. Significance and Use5.1 These practices establish standard procedures designedfor qualitatively evaluating the performance characteristics ofchemical-protective suit ensembles in t
27、erms of comfort, fit,function, and durability.5.2 These practices are suitable for both end users andmanufacturers to evaluate performance characteristics of en-sembles and ensemble components.5.2.1 End users may use these practices to qualitativelydetermine how well ensembles and ensemble component
28、s(gloves, boots, breathing apparatus, communications systems,and cooling devices) meet their particular application.5.2.2 Manufacturers of ensembles and ensemble compo-nents may use these practices to determine the qualitativeperformance characteristics in existing or proposed designs.5.3 Procedure
29、A permits a qualitative evaluation ofchemical-protective suit integrity (materials, seams, and com-ponents) by subjecting the protective ensemble to a mannedexercise routine. Option B permits a qualitative evaluation ofensemble and component function. Each procedure can be usedto assess ensemble com
30、fort and fit by relating test subjectresponses and by comparing the dimensions and weights ofboth the test subject and suit.NOTE 1The accumulation of suit and human subject dimension datamay eventually be used by manufacturers or end users in standards toimprove the sizing of chemical-protective sui
31、ts and the integration ofensemble components in protective ensembles.5.4 The use of these practices is for qualitative purposesonly. In general, results from use of these practices on one typeensemble may not be comparable to other test results on adifferent ensemble due to the subjective nature of
32、test results.5.5 These practices are not intended to assess heat stressresulting from wearing a chemical-protective ensemble, al-though thermal comfort of the suit ensemble may be subjec-tively evaluated.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Se
33、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The Code of Federal Regulations is available from the Superintendent ofDocuments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20401.F1154 1125.6 End users an
34、d manufacturers of chemical-protectiveensembles and ensemble components should consider thesepractices to be minimum procedures for evaluating ensembleand component performance characteristics. Users of thesepractices may wish to consider additional tests and procedurethat relate directly to their p
35、articular application. Each facilityperforming these practices should establish its own criteria forassessing acceptable ensemble performance.6. Apparatus6.1 Fiberboard BoxesFour standard shipping containersof not less than 1.5 ft3(0.03 m3) and not exceeding 2 ft3(0.06m3) and filled with a non-hazar
36、dous material weighing 20 lb(9.1 kg). The container shall be packed in such a way as topreclude any internal movement or shifting of the mass.6.2 DrumA standard 55-gal (208-L) drum that is filledwith 200 lb (90 kg) of a non-hazardous material.6.3 HandtruckA standard, commercial grade handtruckthat i
37、s typically employed for the transportation of 55-gal(208-L) drums.6.4 ValveAny standard handwheel valve, or similar rep-resentation, that may be vertically mounted in such a manner toprovide actuation in the overhead position (placed at least atthe same height as the test subject). The valve handle
38、 should bea minimum of 7 in. (1179 6 25 mm) in diameter and amaximum of 8 in. (203 mm) in diameter.6.5 WrenchA 10-in. (254-mm) crescent wrench.6.6 ScrewdriverA 10-in. (254-mm) slotted end screw-driver.6.7 Blot and Screw AssemblyA metal stand shall bethreaded for a12-13 UNC size bolt and a38-16 UNC s
39、crew. A12-13 UNC 2-in. (51-mm) long hex head bolt shall be providedfor bolt installation and removal exercises. A38-16 UNC 2-in.(51-mm) long slotted round head screw shall be used for screwinstallation and removal exercises. The metal stand shall beplaced on a waist-high table for the operations.6.8
40、 HosesTwo vinyl or chloroprene hoses with a 1-in.(25-mm) outside diameter. Individual hose length shall be 25-ft(7.6 m). One hose should have screw type connections and theother should have quick-connect connections. The type ofconnection shall be documented in the report.6.9 LadderNine-foot (2.7-m)
41、 or longer ladder (the laddershould be supported by at least one assistant and used inaccordance with 29 CFR 1910.25 and 29 CFR 1910.26).6.10 Tape MeasuresAny non-rigid tape measure suitablefor measuring human body dimensions, or anthropometer,(with graduations of116 in. (1 mm); a second rigid stand
42、ardtape measure for measuring dimensions up to 8 ft (2.4 m).6.11 Weight ScalesHuman weighing scales with a rangeof 0 to 300 lb (0 to 136 kg).6.12 ThermometerA standard thermometer or other tem-perature measuring device capable of measuring environmentaltemperatures ranging from 20 to 120F (28.5 to 4
43、9.2C).6.13 Wet Bulb Thermometer or HygrometerAny devicecapable of making measurements for determining environmen-tal relative humidities.7. Safety Precautions7.1 A safety monitor shall be present during all testingspecified in this test method. The safety monitor shall continu-ously observe the cond
44、ition of the test subject.7.2 Testing shall be stopped and the subject removed fromthe protective ensemble for any of the following reasons:request of the test subject, or indications of shortness of breath,difficulty in breathing, fatigue, flushed face, profuse sweating,erratic movements, coughing,
45、 nausea, or cramps in the testsubject.7.3 Test subjects should be in good physical condition,experienced in the use of protective clothing, and well hydratedbefore performing these tests.7.4 Emergency equipment, such as drinking containersfilled with cold water and liquids such as fruit juices, etc.
46、, toreplace body fluids, should be readily accessible at the testarea.7.5 The selection of breathing apparatus and other ensemblecomponents shall take into account the length of the test andthe burden on the test subject.8. Procedures8.1 Select the chemical-protective ensemble and compo-nents to be
47、used during test. Record applicable data for eachitem including, but not limited to the following:8.1.1 Type of component (garment, respirator, glove, boot,helmet, etc.);8.1.2 Manufacturer;8.1.3 Model number, serial number;8.1.4 Size;8.1.5 General description of suit, glove, boot, and visormaterials
48、;8.1.6 Special component features; and8.1.7 Any relevant component dimensions (that is, heightand girth).8.2 Before each exercise scenario:8.2.1 Visually inspect each ensemble component for flawsor defects in the operation, materials, interfaces, and seams.Anillustration of the ensemble, such as tha
49、t given in Fig. 1, maybe used to mark and record the location of imperfections.8.2.2 Evaluate the ensemble barrier performance, if appro-priate. For totally encapsulating vapor protective garments usePractice F1052. Evaluate the liquid penetration resistance ofliquid protective ensembles using Practice F1359. Ensure thatthe test ensemble and equipment are the right size for the testsubject.8.2.3 Disregard any garment that may fail prematurely dueto workmanship or does not meet the “pass” criteria establishedin Practice F1052 or F1359.8.3 Using tape
