1、Designation: F 1158 94 (Reapproved 2001)Standard Guide forInspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for the inspection andevaluation of tampering of security seals.1.2 A security seal
3、is a device intended to detect tamperingor entry. Evaluate only single use locking devices under thisguide. The following procedures shall serve as guidelines fordetecting attempts at defeat and reapplication of a security seal.1.3 This guide is not intended to be fully comprehensive;certain types o
4、f security seals, such as labels, have not beenaddressed to date. Further, it is the responsibility of users ofthis guide to interpret their specific security needs concerningthe use of seals, and to determine the grade of seal appropriatefor their particular application. ASTM assumes no responsibil
5、-ity for losses occurring as a result of a defeated seal.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:F 832 Classification for Security Seals2F 883 Performance Specification for Padlocks2F 946 Guide for Establishing Security Seal Control andAccountability Procedures23. Teminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 se
6、ala passive, one-time locking device used todetect tampering or entry, afford limited resistance (to entry) orprovide a combination of both functional aspects.4. Significance and Use4.1 If a seal can be opened by any means and successfullyreapplied without exhibiting signs indicative of prior attack
7、,the integral quality of the seal is in serious question. This guideallows that any particular method of attempted defeat can beemployed to defeat a seal, and concentrates not on theeffectiveness of the seal to resist that attack, but rather on thenature of the individual seal to inhibit reapplicati
8、on.4.2 This standard presents guidelines for inspection to assistin determining whether an attempt to defeat a security seal, andto possibly reapply the seal, has been made. In all cases, theguidelines are meant to focus attention on signs of attack andreapplication.5. Seal Classification5.1 General
9、For the purpose of comparing seal physicalproperties, seal classes are grouped according to the followingdescription of applicable seals:5.2 Groups:5.2.1 Group 1Flexible cable and wire seals.5.2.2 Group 2Strap, cinch seals.5.2.3 Group 3Rigid bolt and rod seals, including heavyduty metal padlock type
10、.5.2.4 Group 4Twisted rod or wire seals (pigtail).5.2.5 Group 5Padlock type seals, scored seals, metal, orplastic base.5.2.6 Group 6Fiber optic seals.6. Guidelines for Inspection and Evaluation ofTampering6.1 Group 1 Seals (Cable and Wire Seals)Inspect for afrayed appearance at the point where the m
11、ain length of cableor wire meets the locking portion of the seal. Usually undercompression, if this region of the seal has been twisted free ofits retaining junction at the locking point, it may provide visualindication that the uniform pattern of material has beendisturbed. The attempt at reinserti
12、on of the cable into thelocking mechanism, if successful, may also be detected by easywithdrawal of the cable by hand at time of inspection.6.2 Group 2 Seals (Strap, Cinch, or Nonscored Seals)Inspect to reveal scratches or nicks adjacent to the lockingmechanism of the seal. Deformation of the lockin
13、g mechanismby forcible expansion of the lock point will be readily visibleif the attack involved such manipulation. As with the Group 1seals, pulling on the seal by hand may be sufficient to indicateif reapplication into the damaged locking mechanism has beenaffected. In the case of attack through m
14、ethods of fatiguing(cyclic loading), plastic seals can reveal a bank of discolorationor lightening at the point of attack.6.3 Group 3 Seals (Bolt, Rod Seals, and Steel PadlockTypes)Inspect for evidence of scratches or nicks on the bodyof the seal to indicate that prying or picking of the lockingmech
15、anism has taken place. Deformation of the body due toimpact loads may also serve to indicate that tampering hasoccurred. Pulling the seal by hand or adding a turning motion1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of
16、 Subcommittee F12.50 onLocking Devices.Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originallypublished as F 1158 88. Last previous edition F 1158 88.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States
17、.may allow for easy removal, or indicate that possible defeatand reapplication has taken place.6.4 Group 4 Seals (Twisted Rod or Wire Seals)Inspect forunusual deformation patterns that may appear if the seal hasbeen unwound and reapplied. Brittleness induced by suchwork-hardening may also be indicat
18、ed by a cracked or wavyappearance of the surface of the seal.6.5 Group 5 Seals (Padlock Type Seals, Metal or PlasticBase)Inspect for nicks or scratches that may appear near oneor both of the shackle legs of the seal or on body if attempteddefeat has occurred. Pulling the seal by hand or adding aturn
19、ing motion may allow for easy removal, or indicate thatpossible defeat and reapplication has taken place.6.6 Group 6 Seals (Fiber Optic Seals, Glass or Plastic Fiberwith Plastic Sealing Body)Inspect optical fiber jacket forcuts or tears and discoloration. Seals using bundled fibers mayindicate tampe
20、ring by an uneven length at the cleaved surface.Inspect the seal body for nicks, scratches, internal crazing orclouding. Inspect the surface of the body for traces of adhesive.Inspect for gross dimensional changes that may have occuredif the seal body was heated. Verify that the fiber is securelyres
21、trained in the seal body tugging on the fibers.The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity
22、 of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments
23、 are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fai
24、r hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).F 11582
