1、Designation: F1158 94 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forInspection and Evaluation of Tampering of Security Seals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1158; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for the inspection andevaluation of tampering of security seals.1.2 A security seal is
3、a device intended to detect tamperingor entry. Evaluate only single use locking devices under thisguide. The following procedures shall serve as guidelines fordetecting attempts at defeat and reapplication of a security seal.1.3 This guide is not intended to be fully comprehensive;certain types of s
4、ecurity seals, such as labels, have not beenaddressed to date. Further, it is the responsibility of users ofthis guide to interpret their specific security needs concerningthe use of seals, and to determine the grade of seal appropriatefor their particular application. ASTM assumes no responsibil-it
5、y for losses occurring as a result of a defeated seal.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F832 Classification for Security SealsF883 Performance Specification for PadlocksF946 Guide for Establishing Security Seal Control andAccountability Procedures3. Teminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 seala pass
6、ive, one-time locking device used todetect tampering or entry, afford limited resistance (to entry) orprovide a combination of both functional aspects.4. Significance and Use4.1 If a seal can be opened by any means and successfullyreapplied without exhibiting signs indicative of prior attack,the int
7、egral quality of the seal is in serious question. This guideallows that any particular method of attempted defeat can beemployed to defeat a seal, and concentrates not on theeffectiveness of the seal to resist that attack, but rather on thenature of the individual seal to inhibit reapplication.4.2 T
8、his standard presents guidelines for inspection to assistin determining whether an attempt to defeat a security seal, andto possibly reapply the seal, has been made. In all cases, theguidelines are meant to focus attention on signs of attack andreapplication.5. Seal Classification5.1 GeneralFor the
9、purpose of comparing seal physicalproperties, seal classes are grouped according to the followingdescription of applicable seals:5.2 Groups:5.2.1 Group 1Flexible cable and wire seals.5.2.2 Group 2Strap, cinch seals.5.2.3 Group 3Rigid bolt and rod seals, including heavyduty metal padlock type.5.2.4 G
10、roup 4Twisted rod or wire seals (pigtail).5.2.5 Group 5Padlock type seals, scored seals, metal, orplastic base.5.2.6 Group 6Fiber optic seals.6. Guidelines for Inspection and Evaluation ofTampering6.1 Group 1 Seals (Cable and Wire Seals)Inspect for afrayed appearance at the point where the main leng
11、th of cableor wire meets the locking portion of the seal. Usually undercompression, if this region of the seal has been twisted free ofits retaining junction at the locking point, it may provide visualindication that the uniform pattern of material has beendisturbed. The attempt at reinsertion of th
12、e cable into thelocking mechanism, if successful, may also be detected by easywithdrawal of the cable by hand at time of inspection.6.2 Group 2 Seals (Strap, Cinch, or Nonscored Seals)Inspect to reveal scratches or nicks adjacent to the lockingmechanism of the seal. Deformation of the locking mechan
13、ismby forcible expansion of the lock point will be readily visibleif the attack involved such manipulation. As with the Group 1seals, pulling on the seal by hand may be sufficient to indicateif reapplication into the damaged locking mechanism has beenaffected. In the case of attack through methods o
14、f fatiguing1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.50 onLocking Devices.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved
15、in 2008 as F1158 94 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/F1158-94R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright
16、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(cyclic loading), plastic seals can reveal a bank of discolorationor lightening at the point of attack.6.3 Group 3 Seals (Bolt, Rod Seals, and Steel PadlockTypes)Inspect for evidence of scratches
17、 or nicks on the bodyof the seal to indicate that prying or picking of the lockingmechanism has taken place. Deformation of the body due toimpact loads may also serve to indicate that tampering hasoccurred. Pulling the seal by hand or adding a turning motionmay allow for easy removal, or indicate th
18、at possible defeatand reapplication has taken place.6.4 Group 4 Seals (Twisted Rod or Wire Seals)Inspect forunusual deformation patterns that may appear if the seal hasbeen unwound and reapplied. Brittleness induced by suchwork-hardening may also be indicated by a cracked or wavyappearance of the su
19、rface of the seal.6.5 Group 5 Seals (Padlock Type Seals, Metal or PlasticBase)Inspect for nicks or scratches that may appear near oneor both of the shackle legs of the seal or on body if attempteddefeat has occurred. Pulling the seal by hand or adding aturning motion may allow for easy removal, or i
20、ndicate thatpossible defeat and reapplication has taken place.6.6 Group 6 Seals (Fiber Optic Seals, Glass or Plastic Fiberwith Plastic Sealing Body)Inspect optical fiber jacket for cutsor tears and discoloration. Seals using bundled fibers mayindicate tampering by an uneven length at the cleaved sur
21、face.Inspect the seal body for nicks, scratches, internal crazing orclouding. Inspect the surface of the body for traces of adhesive.Inspect for gross dimensional changes that may have occuredif the seal body was heated. Verify that the fiber is securelyrestrained in the seal body tugging on the fib
22、ers.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights,
23、 are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional sta
24、ndardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Com
25、mittee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddr
26、ess or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 94 (2015)2
