1、Designation:F115903a Designation: F1159 11Standard Practice forDesign and Manufacture of Patron Directed, ArtificialClimbing Walls, Dry Slide, Coin Operated and PurposefulWater Immersion Amusement Rides and Devices and Air-Supported Structures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F115
2、9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapprova
3、l.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes information and procedures for the design and manufacture of patron directed amusement rides ordevices (for example, go karts, bumper cars, bumper boats), artificial climbing walls, dry slides, coin operated rides, andamusement rides and devices that involve t
4、he purposeful immersion of the patrons body partially or totally in the water andinvolve more than incidental patron contact (for example, pools, water slides, lazy rivers, interactive aquatic play devices), andair-supported structures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
5、concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F846 Guide for Testing Performance of
6、Amusement Rides and DevicesF2007 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Operation of Concession Go-Karts and Facilities Practice for Design,Manufacture, and Operation of Concession Go-Karts and FacilitiesF2291 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and Devices2.2 Federal Documents:3Dept. of Health, E
7、ducation, and Welfare Pediatric Growth Development Chart, 1983OSHA 29 CFR Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices Part 1926.502 (d)USDAAgricultural Handbook 72, Rev. 0The Wood Handbook, by the U.S. Dept. of Agricultural Forest Products Laboratory2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers Standards:4
8、SAE J 833 Recommended Practice for USA Human Physical DimensionsSAE Hydraulic Fluid StandardsSAEJ-10 Pneumatic Storage TanksSAE Pneumatic Tubing Standards2.4 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Documents:5ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1ASME Welding Standards2.5 Am
9、erican Institute of Steel Construction Document:6AISC Manual on Steel Construction2.6 American Welding Society Standard:7ANSI/AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on Amusement Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
10、 F24.24 on Designand Manufacture.Current edition approved April 10, 2003.Dec. 1, 2011. Published May 2003.April 2012. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 asF1159 03a. DOI: 10.1520/F1159-03A.10.1520/F1159-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
11、stm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.4Available from Socie
12、ty of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.6Available from the Institute of Steel Construction, P.O. Box 4588, Chicago, IL 60680.7A
13、vailable from the American Welding Society, 550 N. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequ
14、ately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
15、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.7 National Fire Protection Association Standard:8National Electrical Code2.8 ANSI Standard:9ANSI (NFPA/JIC) T2.24.11991 Hydraulic Fluid Power Systems Standard for Stationary Industrial Machinery,93. Significance and Use3.1 This practice provides designers and manuf
16、acturers of patron directed amusement rides or devices (for example, go karts,bumper cars, bumper boats), artificial climbing walls, dry slides, coin operated rides, water amusement rides or devices (involvethe purposeful immersion of the patrons body partially or totally in the water and involve mo
17、re than incidental patron contact (forexample, pools, water slides, lazy rivers, interactive aquatic play devices), and air-supported structures with design references andcriteria to use in designing and manufacturing of patron directed amusement rides or devices, artificial climging walls, dry slid
18、es,coin operated rides, purposeful immersion water amusement rides or devices, and air-supported structures.4. Procedures for Developing Documentation and Records4.1 Design and CalculationsManufacturers basic documentation and engineering analysis shall include, but not be limitedto, the following:4
19、.1.1 Performance characteristics of structural, mechanical, and electrical components, and4.1.2 Forces on passengers due to the action of the ride based on design loading.4.2 Drawings and RecordsRecords shall be kept on the characteristics and forces explained in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 for all versionsand
20、revisions of a ride or device so long as deemed appropriate by the designer/manufacturer.4.3 TestingDocument and record the testing performance of amusement rides and devices in accordance with the tests givenin Guide F846.DESIGN PROCEDURES5. Designing in Accordance with Passenger Weights5.1 The wei
21、ght assigned to an adult passenger, for design purposes, shall be 170 lb (77 kg) or 12 lb/in. (5.4 kg/25.4 mm) ofhip width at the seat, whichever is greater. Reference SAE J 833 on USA Human Physical Dimensions, using the “medium man”for passenger weight.5.2 The weight assigned to a 12-year-old chil
22、d passenger, for design purposes, shall be 90 lb (41 kg) or 9 lb/in. (4.1 kg/25.4mm) of hip width at the seat, whichever is greater. Reference U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Pediatric GrowthDevelopment Chart 1983.6. Passenger Carrying Devices6.1 Design of SeatsDesign passenger sea
23、ting to provide adequate support padding and containment for the passengers bodyduring operation, and to be consistent with the design intent of the ride.6.2 Methods of RestraintWhere appropriate, base the passenger restraint on the design intent of the ride or device withconsideration given, but no
24、t limited to, the height, speed, and forces on passengers.6.3 Passenger ClearanceDesign clearance to minimize the opportunity for contact between a contained passenger and anyobject where said contact is likely to cause injury during operation of a ride or device.7. Amusement Ride and Device Structu
25、res7.1 Metal StructuresWhere applicable, design metal structures in accordance with the AISC Manual of Steel Construction,as applicable.7.1.1 Allowable loads or stresses as indicated in the AISC Manual of Steel Construction shall be reduced as deemed adequateby the manufacturer/designer, to allow fo
26、r special combinations of conditions which may include, but are not limited to, stressconcentrations, shock, dynamics, load cycles, degree of risk, and environment.7.2 Timber StructuresDesign timber structures in accordance with USDA Agricultural Handbook 72, Revision 0, The WoodHandbook.7.2.1 Allow
27、able loads or stresses as indicated by the above data shall be reduced as deemed adequate by the manufacturer/designer to allow for special combinations of conditions that may include, but are not limited to, stress concentrations, shock,dynamics, load cycles, degree of risk, and environment.7.3 Wel
28、dingWelding and welding procedures shall be in accordance with American Welding Society (ANSI/AWS D1.1) orAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, or other equivalent standards, and be performed by appropriately certified or qualifiedwelders as required by the standard.8Available from the National
29、Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.9Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.F1159 1127.4 Bolting SpecificationsAll threaded fasteners used on an amusement ride or device in connecting components shall me
30、etaccepted engineering standards for each application in the system, and grade shall be identified where appropriate.7.5 Chain and Wire RopeChain and wire rope used in ride systems shall meet existing industrial ratings considering the loads,conditions, dynamics, and potential fatigue involved.7.6 A
31、ir-Supported StructuresWhere applicable, air-supported structures shall be designed and manufactured with flame-resistant materials that meet or exceed a 2-s flame-out standard.7.6.1 Hold-down provisions shall be designed for the structure to allow operation of the device within the wind conditionss
32、pecified by the manufacturer.7.6.2 Provision shall be made to ensure that patrons cannot conceal themselves from the operators view.7.6.3 Enclosed structures shall have within 100 ft of the normal point of egress adequately lighted emergency exits.7.6.4 Power failure, of an inflation means, shall no
33、t increase the risk of injury to anyone on the device.7.7 Fall ProtectionThe manufacturer of an amusement ride or device shall provide appropriate anchorage points forattachment of personal fall arrest systems that may be used during routine assembly, disassembly, maintenance, and inspection.Persona
34、l fall arrest systems shall meet the minimum design requirements specified in OSHA 29 CFR PART 1926.502 (d).8. Electrical Components8.1 Design, manufacture, and install electrical components in accordance with the National Electric Code or the equivalent.8.2 Emergency stop circuits shall be energize
35、d systems which are fail-safe in case of power failure.8.3 The emergency stop switches shall be manually reset. The resetting of the stop switch shall not start the ride.9. Hydraulic Components9.1 The applicable provisions of ANSI (NFPA/JIC) T2.24.11991 or the equivalent shall be used as the standar
36、d for the designand manufacture of fixed and portable Amusement Rides and Devices except as expanded or modified in the following sectionsor subsections. This section shall apply to all Amusement Rides and Devices manufactured after January 1, 1999.9.2 Deviation from ANSI T2-24-1, section 6.7.1, sha
37、ll be permitted only when components are designed for higher temperatureoperation and adequate shielding is provided to prevent hot fluid from reaching any passenger or observer on or near the Ride orDevice.9.3 Changes or additions, or both, to ANSI T2.24.1 shall be incorporated for use in the desig
38、n and manufacture of AmusementRides and Devices as defined by subsections herein.9.3.1 The following changes (bold) to ANSI T2.24.1, Section 7.2.3.1 are incorporated as follows:7.2.3.1 Adjustments of control should not require access between, over or in close proximity to moving equipment or parts.9
39、.3.2 The following deletion (bold ) to ANSI T2.24.1, Section 7.4.1 is incorporated as follows:7.4.1 Emergency stop and/or return controlsDelete in its entirety, item e: e) Shall provide a blocking device in servovalve(s) supply line(s).9.3.3 The following changes (bold) to ANSI T2.24.1, Section 7.7.
40、1 are incorporated as follows:7.7.1 Emergency safety device or meansWhen the possibility exists that undesirable motion will result due to an emergency or uncontrolled stop condition, a device ormeans shall be provided in the proportional or servo control circuit to prevent such motion.9.3.4 The fol
41、lowing changes (bold) to ANSI T2.24.1, Section 12.2.4 are incorporated as follows:12.2.4 Filters should be sized to provide a minimum of 800 hours of operation under normal system conditions.9.3.5 The following changes (bold) or deletions (bold) to ANSI T2.24.1, Section 18.3.4 are incorporated as fo
42、llows:18.3.4 Diagnostic pressure test points, when used, should be, accessibly installed in hydraulic circuits to verify system pressure,and also where pressure can be adjusted from the main system pressure.9.3.6 The following deletions (bold ) to ANSI T2.24.1, Section 18.5 are incorporated as follo
43、ws:18.5 Oil samplingSample test points shall be made available close to hydraulic pumps and at other key locations for the purpose of checking fluidfor contamination. Sample test points must provide safe, reliable access to fluid while under full system pressure.9.4 Position LimitsEffective means ar
44、e provided to prevent a linear actuator, where piston and rod are the same diameter, fromtraveling beyond to physical limits of the actuator.9.5 System FailuresIn the event of a system failure or malfunction of the hydraulic system, the velocity or acceleration, orboth, shall be controlled with resp
45、ect to forces acting on the passengers.10. Pneumatics10.1 Maximum pressure shall not exceed the component rating.10.2 Pneumatic storage tanks shall conform to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 or SAE J-10.10.3 Pneumatic accumulators shall conform to ASME pressure vessel
46、standards.10.4 Pneumatic tubing hose and fittings shall conform to SAE standards or the equivalent.10.5 Loss of air pressure below design minimums in critical applications shall cause the system to revert to the appropriateemergency mode.F1159 11310.6 The pneumatic system shall include components to
47、 provide lubrication and moisture extraction where deemed appropriateby the designer.10.7 Where deemed appropriate by the designer, provisions shall be made for dumping accumulator tanks when systems areshut down.11. Operator Controls11.1 Design operator controls to be located within easy reach of t
48、he operator when the operator is in a position to observe theride while the ride is in operation.11.2 Operator control systems shall be designed to avoid unintentional activation.11.3 Operator controls shall be identified in the English language as to their function.11.4 Operator control system desi
49、gn shall incorporate a control access system.12. Brakes12.1 The design shall provide sufficient braking capacity to satisfy the designers recommended operation parameters.12.1.1 Design a block system for those rides and devices where, by the ride design, it is necessary to prevent independentpassenger carrying units from occupying the same block section of the ride.12.2 Design critical braking systems to be energized systems which remain activated in the event of power failure, whereappropriate.12.3 Operator-monitored braking systems designed to be normal
