1、Designation: F 1175 88 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forUsing the Computer Impact Print-Out Unit as a TestInstrument for Manifold Comparison1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure utilizingthe computer impact print-o
3、ut unit as an imaging device wherethe performance properties of carbonless paper, carbon paper,and similar image-producing products are measured. Theprinter can be either a high speed printer connected to amainframe computer or a printer connected to a personal ormini-computer.1.2 The values stated
4、in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values in parentheses are given forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate s
5、afety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 585 Practice for Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot ofPaper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, and Related ProductD 685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Pro
6、ductsfor TestingF 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF 549 Terminology Relating to Carbonless Copy ProductsF 909 Terminology Relating to Printers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTermino
7、logy F 221, F 549, and F 909.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 continuous envelopesproduct for tests, producedwith control punched margins so that they can be used onequipment with pinfeed platens. A horizontal perforation (be-tween set perf) allows the forms to be folded, and
8、 subsequentlyseparated into individual envelopes (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of using a computer print-out unitunder specified conditions to prepare images which are used toevaluate carbon paper, carbonless paper and other types ofmanifold sets on a compa
9、rative basis.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended to provide a means of evalu-ating comparative image quality relative to carbonless paper,carbon paper, and similar image-producing products.6. Interferences6.1 Some printers vary in their impact pressure and printingspeed. Comparison
10、tests must be run on the same printer andprogram or portion of program for each part of the test. Somesmaller printers will not be able to image multiple set forms.6.2 Caliper variations between test manifold sets can affectimage intensity and sharpness. If possible, measure caliper ofmanifold sets
11、and set printer adjustments accordingly. Differentcaliper settings should be used when running a four-part asopposed to a six-part set. All similar multiple part sets shouldbe gaged and printed in the same run. Record caliper andprinter adjustment data.NOTE 1Some printers (for example, the IBM Model
12、 3211) automati-cally establish the printing pressure by means of a “forms thicknesssensor button. See 13.1.1 to ensure that the test manifold set is properlypositioned for evaluation.6.3 Fluctuations of temperature and humidity will affect thepaper used for image reception. Tests run on different d
13、ayscould show variations in results. All tests should be dated and1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.06 onCarbonless and Thermal Imaging Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Publis
14、hed June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1175 88 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
15、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.temperature and relative humidity data recorded. Control setsshould be included in all runs.6.4 Carbonless copy products image intensity develop
16、mentmay vary with time depending on manufacture. Comparisontests, therefore, must include a control from the same manu-facturer printed in the same run.6.5 Image performance is a function of the number of plies,basis weight and type of paper used in the manifold sets. Formsets with differences in ca
17、liper would be expected to yielddifferences in image performance.7. Apparatus7.1 Printer, to be used to prepare images; a computer impactprinter in normal use and adjusted to the manufacturersspecifications.8. Materials8.1 Use 15# (17 in. by 22 in. (500 sheets) (56.4 g/m2)single-ply continuous compu
18、ter stock tab forms bond (standardsize 11 by 1478 in. (279.4 by 377.8 mm) or continuous formstest envelopes.8.2 Test and control manifold sets cut to 812 by 9 in. (216 by229 mm) or alternative convenient size, grain long. Sets mustcontain the same number of parts. Four or six-part sets aretypically
19、employed in tests.8.3 Transparent Adhesive Tape12 in. recommended butwider tape can be employed.9. Sampling9.1 Sample the carbonless paper, carbon paper, or othermaterials to be tested in accordance with Practice D 585.FIG. 1 Manifold Set PositionFIG. 2 Envelopes for Imaging TestsF 1175 88 (2006)210
20、. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Using manifold set caliper data, adjust the printer to theproper caliper setting and record this setting.11. Standardization11.1 Establish a print-out test program utilizing both char-acters and numerals. It is preferable to print at six lines/in. anddouble space. This
21、 test program is to be printed on all manifoldsets to establish a comparison standard.12. Conditioning12.1 Testing shall be conducted in an environment withstable conditions of temperature and relative humidity. It issuggested that test material (manifold sets) be conditioned for24 h in the area in
22、which testing will be conducted. If available,standard conditions of 50.0 6 2.0 % relative humidity and 23.06 1.0C should be used (see Practice D 685). If other condi-tions are used, record the temperature and percent relativehumidity.13. Procedure for Preparing Image13.1 Assemble the test and contr
23、ol manifold sets. Onceassembled, check the sets by making a small mark on one edgeto verify that each sheet has been properly inserted. For carbonsets check that each carbon is facing the correct way and thatthe proper number of carbons have been used. For carbonlesssets check that a “coated back” (
24、CB) is in the first position anda “coated front” (CF) is in the last with the internal sheets allbeing “coated front and back” (CFB). Check that each sheethas been inserted with CF facing up and CB down. Prepare thetest manifold samples by one of the following two methods.For both methods, arrange t
25、he manifold sets such that themachine direction of the grain feeds in the direction of travelthrough the computer impact printer. All dimensions stated areapproximate and should be used as a guide.NOTE 2The carrier sheet tape-on method would be expected to givepoorer imaging results since the forms
26、set has a higher overall caliper. Inthe continuous envelope method a window is cut behind the test set.13.1.1 Carrier Sheet Tape-On MethodThe continuouscomputer stock tab forms bond 15-pound (17 3 22 in. (500sheets) (56.4 g/m2) as the carrier system. Allow at least fivesheets of the computer stock t
27、ab forms bond for lead-in.13.1.1.1 Position the manifold set (normally 812 by 9 in.(216 by 229 mm) grain long) on top of the computer stock tabforms bond with the 812-in. (216-mm) edge 1116 (27 mm) fromstock tap perforations and the 9-in. (229-mm) edge 112 in.(23.1 mm) from the left hand punched end
28、 as the stock tabfeeds through the printer (see Fig. 1).NOTE 3When evaluating forms on printers which automaticallyadjust the unit to the form caliper, the test manifold set must be positionedso its left hand edge is14 to34 in. (6.35 to 19.05 mm) from the tractor pinholes along the left-hand side as
29、 the stock tab forms are fed into theprinter. This allows the test manifold set to activate the forms thicknesssensor button.13.1.1.2 Remove trapped air from within the test manifoldset by positioning a board 8 in. by 712 by34 in. (203 by 191 by19.1 mm) weighing approximately 14.1 oz (400 g) in the
30、centeron top of the form set.13.1.1.3 With the board in place and using12 in. (12.7 mm)wide transparent tape (2.5 mils or 0.064 caliper), tape all fouredges of the test manifold set securely to the continuous stocktab sheet.13.1.2 Continuous Envelope Method:13.1.2.1 See Fig. 2 for detail and dimensi
31、ons of a continu-ous envelope system that can be used for this test.Aperforationis used between the individual envelopes for purpose of foldingand subsequent separation. Perforations are provided for re-moval of windows from the front and back of the envelope.13.1.2.2 Use two empty envelopes for lea
32、ding and twoempty envelopes for finishing the run through the printer.Apply tape to avoid catching and tearing at the horizontalperforations of the perforated window areas of the leading andfinishing envelopes, as it is being run through the printer. Use12 in. (12.7 mm) wide transparent tape, that i
33、s 0.0025 in. (0.064mm) in thickness, cut to approximately 1 in. (25.4 mm) longerthan the width of the window areas. Apply tape to both thefront and back, and to the top and bottom of the window areahorizontal perforations. Locate the strips of tape so that theyextend the window widths by approximate
34、ly12 in. on eachside, and so that the top half of the tape is above and the bottomhalf of the tape is below the horizontal perforations.13.1.2.3 Remove the perforated window flaps from the topply of a sufficient number of consecutive envelopes to accom-modate the number of test and control sets to b
35、e run.13.1.2.4 When working with right-hand opening envelopes,insert the manifold test and control sets with the right hand,using the left hand to guide the sets into the individualenvelopes. Make sure sets are properly inserted.13.1.2.5 With the test and control manifold sets properlyinserted in th
36、e individual envelopes, apply strips of transparenttape to the bottom of the window areas. Use tape that is12 in.(12.7 mm) wide and 0.0025 in. (0.064 mm) thick. The tapeshould be cut to approximately 1 in. longer than the width ofthe window area. Locate the strips of tape so that they extendthe wind
37、ow widths approximately12 in. on each side, and sothat the top half of the tape is on the copy ply of a stuffed setand the bottom half of the tape is on the top envelope ply.13.1.2.6 Reposition the complete system so that the frontsare now down on a smooth work surface.13.1.2.7 With the test and con
38、trol sets securely in position,remove the perforated back of each envelope.13.1.2.8 Fasten the lower edge of the window areas on thereverse side in the same manner as 13.1.2.5.13.1.2.9 Carefully force any air that could be occludedbetween the plies out of the opened side of each envelope.13.2 For co
39、ntrol purposes, include manifold sets from thesame manufacturer which, from previous experience, havebeen found to have known performance qualities in normaluse.13.3 Refold the test manifold sets and condition accordingto 12.1.13.4 After conditioning, feed the lead-in into the printer andrunning at
40、normal speed, image the manifold sets in accor-dance with 10.1 and 11.1.13.5 Remove the printed test manifold sets from the printertaking precautions not to fold or otherwise cause smudge orF 1175 88 (2006)3pressure damage. Test manifold sets can then be separated fromthe stock tab or envelope using
41、 a paper cutter or other suitablemeans.14. Procedure for Comparative Image QualityEvaluations14.1 Deleave the plies and visually compare the test andcontrol manifold set images. The images on correspondingmanifold copy should be compared for relative values of thefollowing characteristics:14.1.1 Ima
42、ge intensity,14.1.2 Image sharpness,14.1.3 Image granularity,14.1.4 Image fill-in,14.1.5 Image spread,14.1.6 Cleanliness, and14.1.7 Hammer shadow.NOTE 4When using continuous envelopes, evaluate copy that appearsin the window area only. In addition, do not consider images that areaffected by the addi
43、tional thickness contributed by tape and the envelopesframe itself.15. Report15.1 Report the relative image quality produced from thetest manifold sets as equal to, greater than or less than theimage quality produced from the control manifold sets. Thefollowing features of images can be considered:1
44、5.1.1 Intensity,15.1.2 Sharpness,15.1.3 Granularity,15.1.4 Fill-in,15.1.5 Spread, and15.1.6 Cleanliness.16. Precision and Bias16.1 Repeatable ranking order results or a repeatable rela-tionship to a control can be obtained with this practice providedthat:16.1.1 The same printer in the same condition
45、 is operatedwith similar voltages.16.1.2 Sample conditioning procedures are similar and,16.1.3 Ambient conditions are similar.16.1.4 Equivalent parts from the manifold sets are com-pared.17. Keywords17.1 carbon paper; carbonless paper; computer impact print-out; continuous printing; imaging device;
46、impact printer;manifold setASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infri
47、ngement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standar
48、d or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your view
49、s known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1175 88 (2006)4
