1、Designation: F1178 11An American National StandardStandard Specification forPerformance of Enameling System, Baking, Metal JoinerWork and Furniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the performance of a bakingprimer and enamel on metal fo
3、r use on fabricated metalproducts, including marine furniture and joiner work.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The metric (SI) units, given in parentheses, are forinformation only.1.3 Painting facilities shall comply with all applicableFederal and State regula
4、tions regarding emissions and wastedisposal.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulat
5、ory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, So-lution Hardened, and Bake HardenableA653/A653M Specification for Steel S
6、heet, Zinc-Coated(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed)by the Hot-Dip ProcessB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusB209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateD522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD1186 Test Methods for
7、 Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3363 Test Method f
8、or Film Hardness by Pencil Test2.2 American Institute of Steel Construction Manual:4AISC Wire and Sheet Metal GagesEquivalent Thicknessin Decimals of an Inch, U.S. Standard Gauge (USSG) forUncoated Hot and Cold Rolled Sheets and GalvanizedSheet Gage (GSG) for Hot-Dipped Zinc Coated Sheets2.3 Code of
9、 Federal Regulations:540 CFR 60 Subpart EEStandard of Performance forSurface Coating of Metal Furniture3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 air dry touch-up enamelan air drying enamel thatmatches the factory applied enamel in color and gloss and iscompatible with it
10、.3.1.2 baking finishan enamel that requires baking attemperatures above 150F (65C) for the development ofdesired properties.3.1.3 blisteran enclosed raised spot on the paint surfacecaused by moisture or solvent trapped under the surface.3.1.4 cleaningthe first phase of the metal pretreatmentprior to
11、 painting.3.1.5 cureto condense or polymerize a material by heat-ing, resulting in the full development of desired properties.3.1.6 degreasingto remove grease from a surface usingchemical solvent, steam or other method. See cleaning.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25
12、 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.01 onStructures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1178 - 01(2007).DOI: 10.1520/F1178-11.2For referenced ASTM standa
13、rds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.as
14、tm.org.4Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suite 700, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, http:/www.aisc.org.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.g
15、po.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 dry film thickness (DFT)the actual thickness of thecured paint system. It is measured in mils or thousandths of aninch, that is, 0.001 in. (25.4 m).3.1.8 Enamela paint char
16、acterized by the ability to forman especially smooth film.3.1.9 galvanized steelZinc coated steel sheet in confor-mance with Specification A653/A653M, Coating DesignationA1.3.1.10 glossthe degree to which a painted surface reflectslight.3.1.11 joiner workdoors, frames, ceilings, bulkheads,window cas
17、ings, and all trim pieces in accommodation spacesaboard ship.3.1.12 low glossfinish that shows a gloss of 25 to 35 whenmeasured with 60 glossmeter. A ceiling gloss is 6 to 16 whenmeasured the same way.3.1.13 pretreatmentusually restricted to mean the chemi-cal treatment of unpaired surfaces before p
18、ainting.3.1.14 smootheven surface finish, glass-like to touch.3.1.15 texturedregular or irregular surface finish.4. Ordering Information4.1 Unless otherwise specified, a smooth, low-gloss enamelfinish will be applied.4.1.1 Color of enamel top coat.4.1.2 Finish:4.1.2.1 Smooth.4.1.2.2 Textured.4.1.3 G
19、loss (measured with 60 glossmeter):4.1.3.1 Low gloss25 to 35.4.1.3.2 Ceiling gloss6 to 18.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Metal substrateThis specification is intended for useon metal furniture and joiner work of either steel or aluminum.5.2 For a smooth, low-gloss finish, the furniture or joinerwor
20、k manufacturer shall follow the procedures in the order andas listed in Sections 6 through 7.5.3 If a textured finish is specified, the furniture or joinerwork manufacturer shall follow the procedures in the order andas listed in Sections 6 through 8.6. Cleaning and Degreasing6.1 All exterior and in
21、terior surfaces, both visible andconcealed, and all joints shall be thoroughly cleaned anddegreased.6.2 The cleaning/rinsing process shall remove dirt, oilgrease, moisture, and other foreign matter.6.3 No detrimental residue from this process shall remaindeposited on any surface.7. Enameling7.1 All
22、surfaces contributing to the appearance of the finalproduct shall be enameled to a smooth, low-gloss finish incolors specified in the ordering documents.7.2 Enamel shall be applied in an amount sufficient toproduce a minimum dry film thickness of 1.5 mils (0.0015 in.(38.1 m) for joiner doors and fra
23、mes. For other joinermaterials and furniture, 1 to 1.5 mils (0.001 to 0.0015 in. (25.4to 38.1 m) is acceptable.7.3 The enamel required under this specification shall be athermosetting type, requiring a high baking schedule for propercure. This enamel shall satisfy the requirements of Section 9.8. Te
24、xturing (Optional)8.1 If a textured finish is required by ordering documents,the enamel chosen shall be capable of producing a suitableraised textured finish when using equipment and techniquesrecommended by the manufacturer.8.2 All requirements for enameling of the textured finishshall remain as wr
25、itten for the smooth, low-gloss finish exceptthat the gloss shown in 9.2.3.2 shall be 6 minimum to 16maximum for ceiling panels. Other items may vary accordingto paint specified.9. Performance Criteria9.1 Test Panel DescriptionTest panels shall be 412 in.(114 mm) minimum width and 712 in. (191 mm) m
26、aximumlength of material and thickness as listed below:9.1.1 Cold rolled steel sheetIn accordance with Specifi-cation A1008/A1008M, USSG 20 gauge 0.0359 in. (0.91 mm)thick.9.1.2 Galvannealed steel sheetIn accordance with Speci-fication A653/A653M with coating designation A1, GSG 20gauge 0.0396 in. (
27、1.01 mm) thick.9.1.3 Type 5052-H32 aluminum alloyIn accordance withSpecification B209, 0.040 in. (1.02 mm) thick.9.2 Prepare test panels for testing, test, and evaluate inaccordance with the following requirements:9.2.1 Dry Film ThicknessMeasure the total dry filmthickness, either prime coat or prim
28、e coat plus enamel, onmetal test panels or products in accordance with Test MethodD1400. Where only steel products are being enameled, the dryfilm thickness shall be measured in accordance with TestMethods D1186.9.2.2 Primer:9.2.2.1 Preparation of Primer Test PanelsClean, pre-treat, and coat two met
29、al test panels with primer on both sidesand on all edges in the production cycle. After baking theprimed test panels, scribe one side of each panel with twodiagonal scribe lines that extend through the prime coat downto the base metal. For scribing, use a sharp instrument and asuitable straightedge.
30、 Hold the scribing tool perpendicular tothe surface of the test panel, and make two intersectingdiagonal scribe marks. Begin each scribe line at a pointapproximately12 in. (13 mm) from a corner and continue to apoint approximately12 in. (13 mm) from the diagonallyopposite corner. The scribe must pen
31、etrate the prime coatingdown to the metal, leaving a uniformly bright line.9.2.2.2 Salt Spray Exposure of Primer Test PanelsExposethe metal panels in accordance with Practice B117 for 250 h at95F (35C). Remove test panels from the salt spray cabinetand rinse them using a gentle stream of water at a
32、temperatureof 100 6 10F (37.8 6 5.5C). Dry the test panels andvigorously scrape the scribed side of each panel with a dullknife blade or a suitable piece of sheet metal having a similardull edge. Hold the scraper with its face perpendicular to theF1178 112specimen surface and parallel to the scribe,
33、 moving it back andforth across the scribed line. Complete the scraping within 15min of the drying of the surface. Masking tape, 1 in. (25 mm)wide, shall be pressed onto all scribed marks and pulled awayclearly. Evaluate the performance of these test panels per9.2.2.3 and 9.2.2.4.9.2.2.3 Evaluation
34、of the Blistering Resistance of PrimerTest PanelThere shall be no evidence of blistering of theseprimed metal panels after 250-h exposure in accordance withPractice B117.9.2.2.4 Evaluation of the Corrosion Resistance of PrimerTest PanelMeasure creepage, or loss of adhesion due tocorrosion, at the sc
35、ribe marks. This creepage shall not extendmore than18 in. (3.2 mm) on either side of scribe mark. Thetotal width of gap in prime coat shall not exceed14 in. (6.4mm).9.2.3 Enamel:9.2.3.1 Preparation of Enamel Test panelsClean, pre-treat, and coat two metal test panels with primer and enamel inthe pro
36、duction cycle to a total dry film thickness of 1 to 1.5mils (0.001 to 0.0015 in. (25.4 to 38.1 m).9.2.3.2 GlossThe enamel test panel shall show a gloss of25 minimum to 35 maximum when measured using a 60glossmeter (Gardner, Photovolt, or equal) unless otherwisespecified in ordering documents or, if
37、a textured finish, glossshall be as noted in 8.2.9.2.3.3 HardnessConduct this hardness test in accordancewith Test Method D3363 using a standard 2H drafting pencilsharpened to expose the full diameter of the pencil lead. Thelead is sanded to a blunt-ended but sharp-edged shape by usingsanding stroke
38、s perpendicular to the centerline of the lead.Holding the end of the pencil lead firmly against the enameltest panel, with the pencil centerline at an angle of 45 with thepainted surface, apply four gouging or scraping strokes to theenameled surface. The strokes shall be a minimum of14 in.(6.4 mm) l
39、ong and applied forward, trying to gouge the leadinto the enameled surface. The enameled surface shall remainundamaged when subjected to this test.9.2.3.4 Paint CureThe solvent cure test determines if theenamel finish is properly cured. Conduct the test as follows:Wrap finger in a rag and dip in a s
40、olvent recommended by thepaint manufacturer. Apply 20 two-way strokes (40 rubs) withheavy finger pressure to the painted surface. When subjected tothis solvent cure test, the primed and enameled test panel shallshow no ill effects, such as removal or softening of finish orchange of gloss.9.2.3.5 Adh
41、esionEvaluate adhesion between enamel andprime coat and between prime coat and steel substrate by across-hatch test in accordance with Test Methods D3359 and asfollows: Scribe the enameled test panel with a sharp knife orsimilar instrument to give a cross hatch pattern with overallsize of 1 in.2(6.4
42、5 cm2). Make 17 parallel cuts at about116 in.(2 mm) spacing and extending through the coating to the basemetal. Make 17 similar cuts at 90 to and crossing the first 17,giving a cross-hatched area of 256 squares. Press masking tape1 in. (25 mm) wide firmly onto the entire hatched area and thenimmedia
43、tely jerk cleanly away from the panel. Examine thehatched area. Normally, no paint squares will be lifted by thistest, but a classification of 3B, in accordance with TestMethods D3359, for one panel out of three is permissible.9.2.3.6 FlexibilityTest the enameled metal test panel forflexibility of t
44、he paint system by bending 180 over a conicalmandrel in accordance with Test Method D522. The paintsystem shall not flake or exhibit loss of adhesion during thistest. Slight cracking of paint finish, less than14 in. (6.4 mm)long, at conical mandrel diameters less than12 in. (12.7 mm)is permissible.9
45、.2.3.7 Impact ResistanceThe enameled metal test panelshall withstand a minimum of 40 in. lb (4.52 J) direct impactwithout cracking or loss of adhesion. The impact test consistsessentially ofa2lb(0.91 kg) bar dropping 20 in. (508 mm)onto a12 in. (12.7 mm) diameter sphere in contact with the testpanel
46、. The surface of the test equipment beneath the test panelshall have a circular, concave surface greater than12 in. indiameter directly under the point of contact.9.2.3.8 Color StabilityThe enameled metal test panel,when subjected to an additional bake of 350F (177C) for 30min, shall show no signifi
47、cant change in color or gloss.9.2.4 Air Dry Touch-Up Enamel:9.2.4.1 Conditions for UseThis air dry touch-up enamel isintended for use in the field for minor scratches or defects only.It shall be compatible with, and adhere to, the scratchedsurface.9.2.4.2 Preparation of Scratched SurfaceWhere appear
48、-ance is important, use fine sandpaper and taper edges of scratchto blend in and conceal scratch before applying touch-upenamel. Wipe surface clean of dust or moisture.9.2.4.3 ApplicationApply by brush, roller, or spray, asrecommended by the manufacturer of the touch-up enamel, oneor more coats as r
49、equired.9.2.4.4 ColorColor must match the color of the scratchedsurface.9.2.4.5 GlossGloss must match the gloss of the scratchedsurface. The gloss shall be as follows, when measured with a60 glossmeter:Furniture and metal joiner workCeiling panels25 to 356to169.2.4.6 Curing RateCure this touch-up enamel as follows:Dust free 30 minDry enough to handle 12 hDry enough to sand and recoat 24 h10. Quality Assurance10.1 Daily Test Panels(NOTE):10.1.1 Prepare four test panels of each of the following threemetals
