1、Designation: F 1287 90 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forScope of Performance of First Responders Who ProvideEmergency Medical Care1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1287; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scopeof performance of first responders who may
3、be responsible forthe initial care of sick and injured persons of all ages in theprehospital environment.1.2 This guide includes objectives based on an individualsacquired knowledge, including signs and symptoms; patientassessment; basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation(BLS/CPR); bleeding
4、and shock; injuries to the skull, spine,chest, abdomen, and extremities; moving patients; medical andenvironmental emergencies; triage; gaining access; and haz-ardous situations that the first responder may encounter.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, as
5、sociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1031 Practice for Training the Emergency Medical Tech
6、-nician (Basic)2.2 American Heart Association/American Red Cross(AHA/ARC) Standards:Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscita-tion and Emergency Cardiac Care33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation(BLS/CPR)a
7、 set of skills that includes airway management,chest compressions, and others as defined by the AmericanHeart Association.3.1.2 first responder (FR)an individual trained to provideinitial care for sick or injured persons in accordance with thisguide.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this gui
8、de is to improve the quality ofinitial emergency medical care provided to the sick andinjured. As the first trained person at an emergency medicalscene, it is critical that the first responder be proficient inproviding patient care and minimizing further complicationsuntil more highly trained emerge
9、ncy medical service personnelintervene.4.2 In identifying these minima, the guide acknowledgesmany types of first responder emergency medical care coursesof study. This guide allows and encourages the addition ofoptional knowledge, skill, and attitudinal objectives. Programssuch as those for law enf
10、orcement, firefighters, and ski patrolare examples of this diversity meeting specific local commu-nity needs.4.3 This guide is intended to assist those who are respon-sible for defining the scope of performance for first responders.4.4 This guide is not intended to be used as a scope ofperformance f
11、or emergency ambulance personnel (see PracticeF 1031).5. Objectives5.1 Required ObjectivesThese objectives are not in anorder suggesting a particular performance sequence. The firstresponder shall be able to:5.1.1 Identify the roles and responsibilities of a first re-sponder within the local emergen
12、cy medical services (EMS)system,5.1.2 Function within the medical-legal scope of care as afirst responder in the local EMS system,5.1.3 Determine vital signs and identify normal ranges,5.1.4 Identify and report various forms of emergency medi-cal identification found on the patient,1This guide is un
13、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 onPersonnel, Training and Education.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F
14、1287 90(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Reprinted from the Journal of the American Med
15、ical Association (JAMA).Copies are available from the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Ave.,Dallas, TX 75231.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.5 Conduct a primary assessment for life threateningconditions
16、,5.1.6 Provide BLS/CPR in accordance with American HeartAssociation/American Red Cross (AHA/ARC) standards,5.1.7 Control bleeding,5.1.8 Dress and bandage soft tissue injuries,5.1.9 Care for a person in shock,5.1.10 Supplement respirations with available mechanicalaids to breathing, including oxygen,
17、5.1.11 Perform a secondary assessment,5.1.12 Immobilize musculoskeletal injuries,5.1.13 Immobilize the spine,5.1.14 Move a sick or injured person from a hazardousenvironment in such a manner that the chance of aggravatinginjuries is minimized,5.1.15 Move a person in conjunction with patient careacti
18、vities in such a manner that the chance of aggravatinginjuries is minimized,5.1.16 Care for a person who has non-traumatic chest pain,5.1.17 Care for a person who is experiencing respiratorydistress,5.1.18 Care for a person who is experiencing a diabeticemergency,5.1.19 Care for a person who is expe
19、riencing seizure activ-ity,5.1.20 Care for a person who has ingested, injected, inhaled,or absorbed a poison,5.1.21 Care for a person who is experiencing an alteredlevel of consciousness,5.1.22 Care for a person who has thermal, chemical, orelectrical burns,5.1.23 Care for a person who is adversely
20、affected by theenvironment,5.1.24 Provide initial care for:5.1.24.1 Persons with behavioral problems,5.1.24.2 Physically and sensory impaired persons,5.1.24.3 Abused persons, and5.1.24.4 Dying persons,5.1.25 Recognize a multiple casualty incident and initiate anappropriate response,5.1.26 Triage inj
21、ured persons found at a multiple casualtyincident,5.1.27 Recognize potential dangers at an emergency sceneand take appropriate actions to protect first responders andother persons,5.1.28 Use available equipment to gain access to trappedand injured persons in order to provide life saving care, and5.1
22、.29 Assist with the delivery of a baby.5.2 Optional ObjectivesThe roles and responsibilities forthe provision of initial emergency medical care vary amongfirst responders. When the responsibilities for initial emergencymedical care are limited, the ability of a first responder toperform the tasks in
23、 5.1 may be sufficient to ensure satisfactorycare. When a first responder must care for a greater variety ofillnesses and injuries, the scope of performance must beexpanded accordingly.6. Keywords6.1 basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BLS/CPR); emergency medical services (EMS); first
24、responder (FR)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of su
25、ch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addi
26、tional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to th
27、e ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1287 90 (2007)2
