1、Designation: F 1306 90 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forSlow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Filmsand Laminates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method permits flexible barrier films andlaminates to be characterized for slow rat
3、e penetration resis-tance to a driven probe. The test is performed at roomtemperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single testvelocity on the material until perforation occurs. The force,energy, and elongation to perforation are determined.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded a
4、sstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
5、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for
6、TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 elongation (stretch)the elastic/plastic deformationof flexible sheet mate
7、rial under penetration by a driven probe.3.1.2 penetration resistancethe ability of a flexible sheetmaterial to withstand elongation and/or puncture by a drivenprobe.3.1.3 perforationthe development of a measurable flawthrough a barrier film undergoing penetration.3.1.4 probe penetration to failured
8、istance probe travelsfrom film contact to an instantaneous drop in load as observedon Universal Testing Equipment recorder.3.1.5 puncturethe brittle elastic fracture of a flexible sheetmaterial under penetration by a driven probe.4. Significance and Use4.1 Penetration resistance is an important end-
9、use perfor-mance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged productcan destroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permitpackage entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted contami-nates, causing potential harm to the product and reducingshelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary
10、 withnumerous factors, such as film thickness, elastic modulus, rateof penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe. Conse-quently, material responses from puncture to stretch may beobserved and quantified using this method.Although numerouscombinations of experimental factors can be devised an
11、d usedto simulate specific end-use applications, the recommendedconditions in this method should be followed for standardcomparisons of materials.5. Apparatus5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus, with a recording device.5.2 Compression Load Cell(s).5.3 Penetration Probe as per Fig. 1.5.3.1 A 3.2 mm (0.12
12、5 in.) diameter hemispherical (biaxialstress) probe is recommended for general application andstandard comparison of materials and interlaboratory results.5.4 Specimen Clamping Fixture as per Fig. 2 or equivalent.5.4.1 A sample test diameter of 34.9 mm (1.375 in.) isrequired for interlaboratory comp
13、arison of results. (If otherprobes are used, a minimum clamp to probe diameter ratio of10 to 1 is required.)5.5 Specimen Cutter.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties
14、.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1306 90 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
15、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be of uniform thickness (62%or 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.
16、), whichever is larger).6.2 The dimensions of the test specimen shall be 76 mm by76 mm (3 in. by 3 in.).7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Consult the equipment operations manual for instruc-tions to set up and operate the equipment.7.2 Install probe apparatus.7.3 Center probe over the fixture.8. Number
17、 of Test Specimens8.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 hprior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 618for those tests where conditioning is required
18、.9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidityunless otherwise specified in this test method.10. Procedure10.1 Following the instrument manufacturers instructions,calibrate the test equipment.10.2 Select an equipment load range so that
19、 specimenpuncture occurs within 20 to 80 % of the same.10.3 Using the specimen cutter, cut each sample materialinto a minimum of five 3 in. by 3 in. pieces.10.4 Measure the caliper (average of 3 readings) in thecenter of a film specimen.10.5 Adjust the universal tester cross head speed to 25mm/min (
20、1.0 in./min). (Set chart speed recorder to 500mm/min (20 in./min), if applicable.) Select a data acquisitionrate to give a minimum resolution of 0.1 mm/point of penetra-tion.10.6 Clamp the film specimen in the holder, place sampleholder directly under crosshead probe, center and lower it asclose as
21、possible to the film specimen without making contact.10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the tester.Reset data collection devices to zero, if applicable.10.8 Activate universal tester. At the first sign of a perfora-tion through the film, return the crosshead to origination point.(A perfor
22、ation is any size hole in the film specimen visible tothe naked eye, or a point where an instantaneous drop in loadto near zero occurs.) See Fig. 3.NOTE 1In case of laminate materials, multiple drops in load may beobserved as discrete layers fail. Under this condition the last instantaneousdrop to n
23、ear zero would be considered a failure.10.9 Record specimen identification, force (peak) to break,energy (work) to break, and probe penetration (at first break)from mechanical testing software output (Fig. 3). (If usingchart recording instruments, record specimen identification onchart and integrato
24、r reading if used.)10.10 Repeat test sequence (10.1 to 10.9) for the remainingsamples.FIG. 1 Penetration ProbeFIG. 2 Specimen Clamping FixtureFIG. 3 Graphical Output of Slow Rate Penetration TestF 1306 90 (2008)211. Calculation11.1 Compute the values of peak force, probe penetration tobreak, and ene
25、rgy to break.11.1.1 Software computed values are acceptable.11.2 Use the following formulas for calculating the requiredvalues for data acquisition with a time based chart recorder.11.2.1 Force to BreakPeak force to achieve break (New-tons):N 5 R 3 L orDW3 L (1)where:N = force to break (Newtons),R =
26、 chart reading (%), expressed as a decimal,L = full scale load (FSL), ND = recorded actual millimeters of chart in vertical axis,from start of test to finish,W = full scale width of chart, mm.11.2.2 Probe PenetrationDepth probe traveled in pen-etrating film specimen (mm), from initial probe contact
27、withsample, to penetration at break:P 5D 3 SC(2)where:P = probe travel to penetration at first break, mm,D = recorded actual millimeters of chart in vertical axis,from start of test to finish,S = crosshead speed, (mm/min), andC = chart speed, (mm/min).11.2.3 EnergyWork to break (Joules):J 5 I 3 L 3S
28、Z(3)where:J = energy, J,L = full scale load (FSL), N,S = crosshead speed, (mm/min),I = integrator reading, (counts), andZ = integrator, (counts/min).12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Sample identification.12.1.2 Mean and standard deviation of five values for:12.1.2.1 Force at br
29、eak (N),12.1.2.2 Energy to break (J),12.1.2.3 Probe penetration (mm), and12.1.2.4 Caliper (mm) of film specimens for each sample(three values).13. Precision and Bias13.1 Precision:13.1.1 Table 1 and Table 2 are based on a round robinconducted in 198889 in accordance with Practice E 691,involving six
30、 materials tested by six laboratories. For eachmaterial, all the samples were prepared at one source, but theindividual specimens were prepared at the laboratories whichtested them. Each test result was the test value of an individualdetermination. Each laboratory obtained five test results foreach
31、material. Each laboratory tested each material two ways,each of which is treated as a separate material.13.1.1.1 Table 3 and Table 4 are based on the same roundrobin discussed above, but the data is based on three and fourlaboratories respectively and should be used with caution dueto the small amou
32、nt of data.NOTE 2The following explanations of r and R (13.1.2 through13.1.2.3) are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data in Table 1 and Table3 should not be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection of material,as those d
33、ata are specific to the round robin and may not be representativeof other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this testmethod should apply the principles outlined in Practice E 691 to generatedata specific to their laboratory and materials, or between specificlaboratories. The pri
34、nciples of 13.1.2 thru 13.1.2.3 would then be valid forsuch data.13.1.2 Concept of r and RIf Srand SRhave been calcu-lated from a large enough body of data, and for test results thatwere test values from testing individual specimens:13.1.2.1 Repeatability Limit, r(Comparing two test re-sults for the
35、 same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day.) The two testresults should be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the r value for that material.13.1.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, R(Comparing two testresults for the same material, obtained by differen
36、t operatorsusing different equipment in different laboratories.) The twotest results should be judged not equivalent if they differ bymore than the R value for that material.TABLE 1 Puncture Force (6 Laboratories)MaterialMaterialOrientationValues expressed in units of NewtonsAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Ins
37、ide 6.63 0.187 0.676 0.525 1.891BW 010 Outside 6.72 0.360 0.903 1.015 2.528BW 82 Inside 9.47 1.94 2.034 5.429 5.696BW 82 Outside 9.08 2.23 2.416 6.226 6.773BW 117 Inside 12.10 1.615 2.238 4.521 6.608BW 117 Outside 12.37 1.798 2.852 5.029 7.983BW 295 Inside 42.54 1.776 2.078 4.966 5.816BW 295 Outside
38、 36.49 0.983 3.066 2.756 8.580BW 341 Inside 41.83 2.697 3.502 7.547 9.803BW 341 Outside 42.94 3.400 4.971 9.514 13.920BW 234 Inside 72.31 11.080 14.285 31.061 39.961BW 234 Outside 65.64 16.421 17.266 45.969 48.372F 1306 90 (2008)313.1.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 13.2.1 or 13.2.2would have an
39、 approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of beingcorrect.13.2 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate the bias of this test method.TABLE 2 Puncture Penetration (6 Laboratories)Material Material OrientationValues expressed in mmAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Inside 0.0107 0.0095 0.0031 0.0027 0.0
40、088BW 010 Outside 0.0111 0.0006 0.0031 0.0017 0.0086BW 82 Inside 0.0060 0.0011 0.0023 0.0031 0.0063BW 82 Outside 0.0058 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0068BW 117 Inside 0.0097 0.0013 0.0028 0.0035 0.0080BW 117 Outside 0.0010 0.0012 0.0029 0.0032 0.0081BW 295 Inside 0.0071 0.0004 0.0019 0.0061 0.0052BW 295 O
41、utside 0.0071 0.0002 0.0010 0.0007 0.0028BW 341 Inside 0.0062 0.0003 0.0018 0.0008 0.0050BW 341 Outside 0.0065 0.0042 0.0019 0.0012 0.0052BW 234 Inside 0.0061 0.0004 0.0018 0.0012 0.0051BW 234 Outside 0.0058 0.0012 0.0018 0.0033 0.0050TABLE 3 Material Thickness (3 Laboratories)Material Material Orie
42、ntationValues expressed in mmAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Inside 0.050 0.0011 0.0012 0.0030 0.0034BW 010 Outside 0.049 0.0019 0.0026 0.0052 0.0074BW 82 Inside 0.020 0.0006 0.0008 0.0018 0.0023BW 82 Outside 0.020 0.0009 0.0015 0.0025 0.0043BW 117 Inside 0.013 0.0009 0.0010 0.0025 0.0028BW 117 Outside 0.012 0
43、.0012 0.0012 0.0032 0.0034BW 295 Inside 0.113 0.0024 0.0029 0.0069 0.0080BW 295 Outside 0.113 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0034BW 341 Inside 0.031 0.0015 0.0015 0.0042 0.0042BW 341 Outside 0.031 0.0019 0.0024 0.0053 0.0068BW 234 Inside 0.210 0.0168 0.0168 0.0470 0.0470BW 234 Outside 0.211 0.0160 0.0207 0.
44、0047 0.0579TABLE 4 Puncture Energy (4 Laboratories)Material Material OrientationValues expressed in JoulesAverage SrSRrRBW 010 Inside 0.0490 0.0042 0.0104 0.0118 0.0292BW 010 Outside 0.0502 0.0039 0.0071 0.0109 0.0197BW 82 Inside 0.0270 0.0104 0.0115 0.0290 0.0323BW 82 Outside 0.0268 0.0091 0.0123 0
45、.0254 0.0343BW 117 Inside 0.0599 0.0143 0.0166 0.0379 0.0464BW 117 Outside 0.0597 0.0176 0.0242 0.0494 0.0679BW 295 Inside 0.1374 0.0111 0.0111 0.0311 0.0311BW 295 Outside 0.0926 0.0172 0.0258 0.0481 0.0722BW 341 Inside 0.1077 0.0113 0.0178 0.0317 0.0500BW 341 Outside 0.1177 0.0125 0.0232 0.0348 0.0
46、649BW 234 Inside 0.1839 0.0384 0.0503 0.1074 0.1158BW 234 Outside 0.1459 0.0465 0.0586 0.1302 0.1642F 1306 90 (2008)4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
47、advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eit
48、her reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend
49、. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1306 90 (2008)5
