1、Designation: F1306 90 (Reapproved 2008)1F1306 16Standard Test Method forSlow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Filmsand Laminates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEAdded research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.1. Scope1.1 Th
3、is test method permits flexible barrier films and laminates to be characterized for slow rate penetration resistance to adriven probe. The test is performed at room temperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single test velocity on the material untilperforation occurs. The force, energy, and elo
4、ngation to perforation are determined.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
5、 all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D374 Test Methods f
6、or Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2013)3D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms S
7、pecific to This Standard:3.1.1 elongation (stretch)the elastic/plastic deformation of flexible sheet material under penetration by a driven probe.3.1.2 penetration resistancethe ability of a flexible sheet material to withstand elongation and/or puncture by a driven probe.3.1.3 perforationthe develo
8、pment of a measurable flaw through a barrier film undergoing penetration.3.1.4 probe penetration to failuredistance probe travels from film contact to an instantaneous drop in load as observed onUniversal Testing Equipment recorder.3.1.5 puncturethe brittle elastic fracture of a flexible sheet mater
9、ial under penetration by a driven probe.4. Significance and Use4.1 Penetration resistance is an important end-use performance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged product candestroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permit package entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted contamina
10、tes, causingpotential harm to the product and reducing shelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary with numerous factors, such asfilm thickness, elastic modulus, rate of penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe. Consequently, material responses from1 This test method is under the
11、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on Flexible Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008March 1, 2016. Published August 2008April 2016. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
12、 asF1306 90(2008)1 (2002). . DOI: 10.1520/F1306-90R08E01.10.1520/F1306-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
13、ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically
14、 possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
15、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1puncture to stretch may be observed and quantified using this method. Although numerous combinations of experimental factorscan be devised and used to simulate specific end-use applications, the recommended conditions in this method should be follow
16、edfor standard comparisons of materials.5. Apparatus5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus , Apparatus, with a recording device.5.2 Compression Load Cell(s).5.3 Penetration Probe, as per Fig. 1.5.3.1 A 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) diameter hemispherical (biaxial stress) probe is recommended for general application a
17、nd standardcomparison of materials and interlaboratory results.5.4 Specimen Clamping Fixture, as per Fig. 2 or equivalent.5.4.1 A sample test diameter of 34.9 mm (1.375 in.) is required for interlaboratory comparison of results. (If other probes areused, a minimum clamp to probe diameter ratio of 10
18、 to 1 is required.)5.5 Specimen Cutter.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be of uniform thickness (62 % or 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.), whichever is larger).6.2 The dimensions of the test specimen shall be 76 mm by 76 mm (3 in. by 3 in.).7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Consult the equipment opera
19、tions manual for instructions to set up and operate the equipment.7.2 Install probe apparatus.7.3 Center probe over the fixture.8. Number of Test Specimens8.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative h
20、umidity for not less than 40 h prior totest in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 for those tests where conditioning is required.FIG. 1 Penetration ProbeF1306 1629.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity unlessotherwise
21、specified in this test method.10. Procedure10.1 Following the instrument manufacturers instructions, calibrate the test equipment.10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimen puncture occurs within 20 to 80 % of the same.10.3 Using the specimen cutter, cut each sample material into a minimum
22、 of five 3 in. by 3 in. pieces.10.4 Measure the caliper (average of 3 readings) in the center of a film specimen.10.5 Adjust the universal tester cross head speed to 25 mm/min (1.0 in./min). (Set chart speed recorder to 500 mm/min (20in./min), if applicable.) Select a data acquisition rate to give a
23、 minimum resolution of 0.1 mm/point of penetration.10.6 Clamp the film specimen in the holder, place sample holder directly under crosshead probe, center and lower it as closeas possible to the film specimen without making contact.10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the tester. Reset data
24、collection devices to zero, if applicable.10.8 Activate universal tester. At the first sign of a perforation through the film, return the crosshead to origination point. (Aperforation is any size hole in the film specimen visible to the naked eye, or a point where an instantaneous drop in load to ne
25、arzero occurs.) See Fig. 3.NOTE 1In case of laminate materials, multiple drops in load may be observed as discrete layers fail. Under this condition the last instantaneous dropto near zero would be considered a failure.FIG. 2 Specimen Clamping FixtureFIG. 3 Graphical Output of Slow Rate Penetration
26、TestF1306 16310.9 Record specimen identification, force (peak) to break, energy (work) to break, and probe penetration (at first break) frommechanical testing software output (Fig. 3). (If using chart recording instruments, record specimen identification on chart andintegrator reading if used.)10.10
27、 Repeat test sequence (10.1(10.1 to 10.9) for the remaining samples.11. Calculation11.1 Compute the values of peak force, probe penetration to break, and energy to break.11.1.1 Software computed values are acceptable.11.2 Use the following formulas for calculating the required values for data acquis
28、ition with a time based chart recorder.11.2.1 Force to BreakPeak force to achieve break (Newtons):N5R3L or DW 3L (1)where:N = force to break (Newtons),R = chart reading (%), expressed as a decimal,L = full scale load (FSL), ND = recorded actual millimeters of chart in vertical axis, from start of te
29、st to finish, andW = full scale width of chart, mm.11.2.2 Probe PenetrationDepth probe traveled in penetrating film specimen (mm), from initial probe contact with sample, topenetration at break:P5D3SC (2)where:P = probe travel to penetration at first break, mm,D = recorded actual millimeters of char
30、t in vertical axis, from start of test to finish,S = crosshead speed, (mm/min), andC = chart speed, (mm/min).11.2.3 EnergyWork to break (Joules):TABLE 1 Puncture Force (6 Laboratories)Material MaterialOrientation Values expressed in units of NewtonsAverage Sr SR r RBW 010 Inside 6.63 0.187 0.676 0.5
31、25 1.891BW 010 Outside 6.72 0.360 0.903 1.015 2.528BW 82 Inside 9.47 1.94 2.034 5.429 5.696BW 82 Outside 9.08 2.23 2.416 6.226 6.773BW 117 Inside 12.10 1.615 2.238 4.521 6.608BW 117 Outside 12.37 1.798 2.852 5.029 7.983BW 295 Inside 42.54 1.776 2.078 4.966 5.816BW 295 Outside 36.49 0.983 3.066 2.756
32、 8.580BW 341 Inside 41.83 2.697 3.502 7.547 9.803BW 341 Outside 42.94 3.400 4.971 9.514 13.920BW 234 Inside 72.31 11.080 14.285 31.061 39.961BW 234 Outside 65.64 16.421 17.266 45.969 48.372TABLE 1 Puncture Force (6 Laboratories)Material MaterialOrientation Values expressed in units of NewtonsAverage
33、 Sr SR r RBW 010 Inside 6.63 0.187 0.676 0.525 1.891BW 010 Outside 6.72 0.360 0.903 1.015 2.528BW 82 Inside 9.47 1.94 2.034 5.429 5.696BW 82 Outside 9.08 2.23 2.416 6.226 6.773BW 117 Inside 12.10 1.615 2.238 4.521 6.608BW 117 Outside 12.37 1.798 2.852 5.029 7.983BW 295 Inside 42.54 1.776 2.078 4.966
34、 5.816BW 295 Outside 36.49 0.983 3.066 2.756 8.580BW 341 Inside 41.83 2.697 3.502 7.547 9.803BW 341 Outside 42.94 3.400 4.971 9.514 13.920BW 234 Inside 72.31 11.080 14.285 31.061 39.961BW 234 Outside 65.64 16.421 17.266 45.969 48.372F1306 164J5I3L3SZ (3)where:J = energy, J,J = energy, mJ,L = full sc
35、ale load (FSL), N,S = crosshead speed, (mm/min),I = integrator reading, (counts), andZ = integrator, (counts/min).12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Sample identification.12.1.2 Mean and standard deviation of five values for:12.1.2.1 Force at break (N),12.1.2.2 Energy to break (J
36、),12.1.2.3 Probe penetration (mm), and12.1.2.4 Caliper (mm) of film specimens for each sample (three values).13. Precision and Bias413.1 Precision:13.1.1 Table 1 and Table 2 are based on a round robin conducted in 198889 in accordance with Practice E691, involving sixmaterials tested by six laborato
37、ries. For each material, all the samples were prepared at one source, but the individual specimenswere prepared at the laboratories which tested them. Each test result was the test value of an individual determination. Eachlaboratory obtained five test results for each material. Each laboratory test
38、ed each material two ways, each of which is treated asa separate material.13.1.1.1 Table 3 and Table 4 are based on the same round robin discussed above, but the data is based on three and fourlaboratories respectively and should be used with caution due to the small amount of data.4 Supporting data
39、 have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F02-1009.TABLE 2 Puncture Penetration (6 Laboratories)Material MaterialOrientation Values expressed in mmAverage Sr SR r RBW 010 Inside 0.0107 0.0095 0.0031 0.0027 0.0088BW 010 Outside 0.0111 0.0
40、006 0.0031 0.0017 0.0086BW 82 Inside 0.0060 0.0011 0.0023 0.0031 0.0063BW 82 Outside 0.0058 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0068BW 117 Inside 0.0097 0.0013 0.0028 0.0035 0.0080BW 117 Outside 0.0010 0.0012 0.0029 0.0032 0.0081BW 295 Inside 0.0071 0.0004 0.0019 0.0061 0.0052BW 295 Outside 0.0071 0.0002 0.0010
41、0.0007 0.0028BW 341 Inside 0.0062 0.0003 0.0018 0.0008 0.0050BW 341 Outside 0.0065 0.0042 0.0019 0.0012 0.0052BW 234 Inside 0.0061 0.0004 0.0018 0.0012 0.0051BW 234 Outside 0.0058 0.0012 0.0018 0.0033 0.0050TABLE 2 Puncture Penetration (6 Laboratories)Material MaterialOrientation Values expressed in
42、 mmAverage Sr SR r RBW 010 Inside 0.0107 0.0095 0.0031 0.0027 0.0088BW 010 Outside 0.0111 0.0006 0.0031 0.0017 0.0086BW 82 Inside 0.0060 0.0011 0.0023 0.0031 0.0063BW 82 Outside 0.0058 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0068BW 117 Inside 0.0097 0.0013 0.0028 0.0035 0.0080BW 117 Outside 0.0010 0.0012 0.0029 0.00
43、32 0.0081BW 295 Inside 0.0071 0.0004 0.0019 0.0061 0.0052BW 295 Outside 0.0071 0.0002 0.0010 0.0007 0.0028BW 341 Inside 0.0062 0.0003 0.0018 0.0008 0.0050BW 341 Outside 0.0065 0.0042 0.0019 0.0012 0.0052BW 234 Inside 0.0061 0.0004 0.0018 0.0012 0.0051BW 234 Outside 0.0058 0.0012 0.0018 0.0033 0.0050
44、F1306 165NOTE 2The following explanations of r and R (13.1.2(13.1.2 through 13.1.2.3) are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data in Table 1 and Table 3 should not be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection of material, as
45、 thosedata are specific to the round robin and may not be representative of other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this test method shouldapply the principles outlined in Practice E691 to generate data specific to their laboratory and materials, or between specific laboratories
46、. The principlesof 13.1.2 thru 13.1.2.3 would then be valid for such data.TABLE 3 Material Thickness (3 Laboratories)Material MaterialOrientation Values expressed in mmAverage Sr SR r RBW 010 Inside 0.050 0.0011 0.0012 0.0030 0.0034BW 010 Outside 0.049 0.0019 0.0026 0.0052 0.0074BW 82 Inside 0.020 0
47、.0006 0.0008 0.0018 0.0023BW 82 Outside 0.020 0.0009 0.0015 0.0025 0.0043BW 117 Inside 0.013 0.0009 0.0010 0.0025 0.0028BW 117 Outside 0.012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0032 0.0034BW 295 Inside 0.113 0.0024 0.0029 0.0069 0.0080BW 295 Outside 0.113 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0034BW 341 Inside 0.031 0.0015 0.0015 0.0
48、042 0.0042BW 341 Outside 0.031 0.0019 0.0024 0.0053 0.0068BW 234 Inside 0.210 0.0168 0.0168 0.0470 0.0470BW 234 Outside 0.211 0.0160 0.0207 0.0047 0.0579TABLE 3 Material Thickness (3 Laboratories)Material MaterialOrientation Values expressed in mmAverage Sr SR r RBW 010 Inside 0.050 0.0011 0.0012 0.
49、0030 0.0034BW 010 Outside 0.049 0.0019 0.0026 0.0052 0.0074BW 82 Inside 0.020 0.0006 0.0008 0.0018 0.0023BW 82 Outside 0.020 0.0009 0.0015 0.0025 0.0043BW 117 Inside 0.013 0.0009 0.0010 0.0025 0.0028BW 117 Outside 0.012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0032 0.0034BW 295 Inside 0.113 0.0024 0.0029 0.0069 0.0080BW 295 Outside 0.113 0.0018 0.0024 0.0050 0.0034BW 341 Inside 0.031 0.0015 0.0015 0.0042 0.0042BW 341 Outside 0.031 0.0019 0.0024 0.0053 0.0068BW 234 Inside 0.210 0.0168 0.0168 0.0470 0.0470BW 234 Outside 0.211 0.0160 0.0207 0.0047 0.0579TABLE 4 Puncture Energy (4 La
