1、Designation: F1337 10An American National StandardStandard Practice forHuman Systems Integration Program Requirements forShips and Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1337; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 ObjectivesThis practice establishes and defines theproces
3、ses and associated requirements for incorporating Hu-man Systems Integration (HSI) into all phases of governmentand commercial ship, offshore structure, and marine systemand equipment (hereafter referred to as marine system) acqui-sition life cycle. HSI must be integrated fully with theengineering p
4、rocesses applied to the design, acquisition, andoperations of marine systems. This application includes thefollowing:1.1.1 Ships and offshore structures.1.1.2 Marine systems, machinery, and equipment developedto be deployed on a ship or offshore structure where theirdesign, once integrated into the
5、ship or offshore structure, willpotentially impact human performance, safety and healthhazards, survivability, morale, quality of life, and fitness forduty.1.1.3 Integration of marine systems and equipment intoships and offshore structures including arrangements, facilitylayout, installations, commu
6、nications, and data links.1.1.4 Modernization and retrofitting ships and offshorestructures.1.2 Target AudienceThe intended audience for this docu-ment consists of individuals with HSI training and experiencerepresenting the procuring activity, contractor or vendor per-sonnel with HSI experience, an
7、d engineers and managementpersonnel familiar with HSI methods, processes, and objec-tives. See 5.2.3 for guidance on qualifications of HSI special-ists.1.3 ContentsThis document is divided into the followingsections and subsections.TABLE OF CONTENTSSectionandSubsectionTitle1 Scope1.1 Objectives1.2 T
8、arget Audience1.3 Contents2 Human Systems Integration2.1 Definition of Human Systems Integration2.2 HSI Integration Process2.3 HSI Program Requirements3 Referenced Documents3.1 Introduction3.2 ASTM Standards3.3 Commercial Standards and Documents3.4 Government Standards and Documents4 Terminology4.1
9、Arrangement Drawing4.2 Contractor4.3 Critical Activity4.4 Cultural Expectation4.5 Function4.6 Human Systems Integration4.7 High Drivers4.8 Human Error4.9 Manning4.10 Manpower4.11 Marine System4.12 Mission4.13 Offshore Structure or Facility4.14 Operational Requirements4.15 Panel Layout Drawings4.16 P
10、rocuring Organization4.17 System4.18 Task4.19 User Interface4.20 Vendor5 Summary of Practice5.1 HSI Design Objectives5.2 Key Success Factors5.3 HSI Plan5.4 HSI Integrated Product Team5.6 Quality Assurance5.7 Nonduplication5.8 Cognizance and Coordination6 Significance of Use6.1 Intended Use6.2 Scope
11、and Nature of Work6.3 Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition6.4 Commercial Acquisition Process1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved Ma
12、rch 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1337 - 91(2006).DOI: 10.1520/F1337-10.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE OF CONTENTSSectionandSubsectionTitl
13、e6.5 Non-Developmental Item Acquisition6.6 Modernization7 HSI Activities7.1 Overview7.2 HSI Lessons Learned7.3 Early Marine Systems Analyses7.4 Front End Analysis7.5 HSI Risk Analysis7.6 Manpower Analyses7.7 Personnel Analyses7.8 Training Analyses7.9 Workload Analysis7.10 HSI Input to Procurement Do
14、cuments and Specifications7.11 SOH Hazards Analyses7.12 Personnel Survivability Analyses7.13 Habitability Analysis7.14 Health Service Analysis7.15 Modeling and Simulation7.16 User Interface (UI) Design7.17 Usability Evaluations and UI Concept Exploration7.18 Valve Criticality Analysis7.19 Link Analy
15、sis7.20 Design Reviews7.21 Drawings and CAD Model Reviews7.22 Inspections7.23 Developmental Test and Evaluation7.24 Operational Test and Evaluation8 Documentation8.1 Data Requirements8.2 Traceability8.3 Access to Data9 KeywordsFigureNumberFigure TitleFig. 1 Process for Determining the Need for an HS
16、I ProgramFig. 2 Sample Outline of a Typical HSIPFig. 3 Government HSI Systems Engineering Process and the SystemAcquisition Life CycleFig. 4 Phases of the Commercial Ship Acquisition ProcessTableNumberTable TitleTable 1 Description of Government-Oriented HSI DomainsTable 2 Key Interactions among HSI
17、 DomainsTable 3 Minimum Qualifications for HSI SpecialistsTable 4 Typical HSI Questions for NDI AcquisitionsTable 5 HSI Activities by Government Acquisition PhaseTable 6 HSI Activities by Commercial Industry Acquisition PhaseTable 7 Function Allocation ConsiderationsTable 8 Typical Task Analysis Inf
18、ormationTable 9 Example HSI Risk Probability RatingsTable 10 Example HSI Risk Severity RatingsTable 11 Example Human System Integration Risk Index2. Human Systems Integration2.1 Definition of Human Systems IntegrationHSI is asystematic life-cycle engineering process that identifies andintegrates hum
19、an considerations into the design, acquisition,and support of marine systems through the application ofknowledge of human behavior, capabilities, and limitations.The goal is to optimize human performance, including humancapability, proficiency, availability, utilization, accommoda-tion, survivabilit
20、y, health and safety by influencing design,construction, and operations through the integration of require-ments that rely on the expertise found in the following HSIdomains:2.1.1 ManpowerEstablishing the number and type ofpersonnel needed to operate and maintain the marine system.2.1.2 PersonnelDet
21、ermining where the people with therequired knowledge, skill, and abilities (KSAs) required to fillmarine system billets will be drawn.2.1.3 TrainingEstablishing and providing the training re-quirements for the personnel selected.2.1.4 Human Factors EngineeringDesigning and assess-ing user interfaces
22、 between humans and hardware, software,firmware, Webware, courseware, information, procedures,policy and doctrine, documentation, design features, technol-ogy, environments, organizations, and other humans.2.1.5 Safety and Occupational HealthProviding a safeand healthy working environment.2.1.6 Pers
23、onal SurvivabilityProviding a platform thatmaximizes crew survivability.2.1.7 HabitabilityProviding the characteristics of sys-tems, facilities, personal services, and living and workingconditions that result in high levels of crew morale, quality oflife, safety, health, and comfort.2.1.8 Government
24、-oriented definitions of the HSI domainsare provided in Table 1.2.1.9 It is understood that not all HSI domains will beinvolved in every marine system design project. For example,in the commercial maritime setting, design requirements af-fecting several HSI domains (for example, manpower, person-nel
25、 selection, and training requirements) are set by entitiesother than the procuring organization. This does not diminishthe fact that inattention to these HSI domains can lead to theincreased likelihood of human error and accidents and inci-dents. Therefore, the procuring organization must exert maxi
26、-mum effort to ensure that all HSI domains are considered in thedesign, construction, and operation of any maritime system.2.1.10 HSI fundamentally involves engineering processesand program management efforts that provide integrated andcomprehensive analyses, design and assessment of require-ments,
27、operational and maintenance concepts, and resourcesfor system manpower, personnel, training, human factorsengineering (HFE), safety and occupational health (SOH),personnel survivability, and habitability. These seven HSIdomains are interrelated and interdependent, and they areprimary drivers of effe
28、ctive, affordable, and safe design con-cepts and deployed systems. HSI relies on a concurrentengineering process to perform co-operative trade-offs amongthe seven HSI domains to achieve effective system perfor-mance levels and affordable life-cycle costs, but does notreplace individual domain activi
29、ties, responsibilities, or report-ing channels.2.1.11 The HSI framework for organizing and integrating ofhuman considerations into marine system design represents asystem-level engineering approach. HSI uses the results of itstechnical domain analyses and tradeoffs to integrate them intothe systems
30、engineering and design processes. In the govern-ment environment, other HSI domains provide insights, data,and design considerations that HFE translates into hardware,software, workspace, and task design. This is a more formalgovernment process. In the commercial environment, HSIrelies heavily on HF
31、E, assigning it responsibility of beingaware of considerations associated with manpower, personnel,F1337 102training, safety, and habitability and representing those as partof a human-centric design process.2.2 HSI Integration Process:2.2.1 A key HSI focus is integration. HSI takes a totalsystem lev
32、el view of design, acquisition, and operations. Thissystem level view starts with the performance requirements ofthe total system that are translated into requirements for totalsystem performance and total cost of ownership. The systemperformance and cost requirements then are integrated into thedes
33、ign by the application of HSI methods and standards to thedesign of the marine system. HSI continues as an integratedelement of the operations and support activity as a mechanismto support training, maintenance, and identify system improve-ment opportunities.2.2.2 HSI relies on the individual techni
34、cal HSI domains,but also the integration of these domains among themselvesand with the other systems engineering and logistics require-ments and processes. The domains of HSI must work in concertamong themselves and with other systems engineering pro-cesses to address human design issues and trade-o
35、ffs thatoptimize overall system performance and reduce life cyclecosts. Table 2 provides a high-level view of some of the typesof interactions and tradeoffs that occur among HSI domains.2.2.3 Integration between HSI domains occurs through thefollowing activities:2.2.3.1 Developing and maintaining a
36、Human Systems In-tegration Plan (HSIP) that includes all HSI domains anddiscusses interactions required among these domains. The keyhere is to maintain the HSIP over the marine system life cyclethrough updates as design issues and considerations change.See 5.3 for more information on the HSIP. The H
37、SIP should beintegrated with the Systems Engineering Plan (SEP) and otherengineering plans.2.2.3.2 Close coordination and communication among HSIdomains. This occurs through informal and formal meetings,design reviews, and other communications such as email,telephone conversations, list serves, and
38、bulletin boards.2.2.3.3 Use of an HSI Integrated Product Team. See 5.4 formore information.2.2.3.4 Performing a unified front-end analysis that ad-dresses requirements and concepts for each domain, the inter-actions among HSI domains, and the integration with systemsengineering. A unified front-end
39、analysis represents one analy-sis that accepts input and provides output to all the HSIdomains and other engineering areas.TABLE 1 Description of Government-Oriented HSI DomainsDomain DescriptionManpower Manpower is the number of personnel (military, civilian, andcontractor) required, authorized, an
40、d potentially available to operate,maintain, train, administer, and support each ship, offshorestructure, and/or system.Personnel Personnel is the source, in terms of people, for the humanknowledge, skills, abilities, aptitudes, competencies, characteristics,and capabilities required to operate, mai
41、ntain, train, and supporteach ship, offshore structure and/or marine system in peacetimeand war.Training Training is the instruction, education, assessment, resourcesrequired to provide ship and marine facility personnel with requisiteknowledge, skills, and abilities to operate, maintain, and suppor
42、tship, offshore structure, and/or marine systems.Human Factors Engineering Human factors engineering is the comprehensive integration ofhuman characteristics and capabilities and limitations into systemdefinition, design, development, and evaluation to promote effectivehuman-machine integration for
43、optimal total system performance.Safety and Occupational Health Safety is the process for hazard identification, risk evaluation,design analysis, hazard mitigation, control, and management. Theprocess manages the design and operational characteristics of asystem to eliminate or minimize the possibil
44、ities for accidents ormishaps caused by human error. Occupational health is thesystematic application of biomedical knowledge, early in theacquisition process, to identify, assess, and minimize health hazardsassociated with the systems operation, maintenance, repair,storage, or support.Personnel Sur
45、vivability Personnel Survivability is the how the system design minimizesmedical implications when humans are injured, provides escape andevacuation routes for crew, and minimizes human mental andphysical fatigue.Habitability Habitability is the ship, offshore structure, and systemcharacteristics th
46、at provide for environment control of living andworking conditions (temperature, noise, vibration, and spaceattributes); and provides accommodations and support facilities(berthing, sanitary, food service, exercise, training, laundry, medical,dental, administrative, ship stores, and community or lou
47、ngefacilities). Habitability is concerned with the level of comfort andquality of life that is conducive to maintaining optimum crewperformance, readiness, and morale.F1337 1032.2.3.5 Maintaining a consolidated database of HSI issuesand design decisions. This database should include all HSIissues id
48、entified during the design effort, suggested HSI inputsfrom all the HSI domains, a description as to whether or noteach HSI recommendation was incorporated in the marinesystem design; and if not accepted, provide the reason forrejection along with the risk assessment. The database iscreated and main
49、tained by the HSI specialists from theprocuring organization. This database should be maintainedthrough the marine system life cycle to support the documen-tation of HSI issues that arise during training, operation, andmaintenance. The consolidated database of HSI issues shouldinclude lessons learned from the design process, feedback fromin-service ships and offshore structures on marine systems,machinery, and equipment.2.2.3.6 Defining and empowering an integrator role that hasresponsibility for facilitating and managing the informationflow among HSI domains and with syst
