1、Designation: F 1346 91 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Performance Specification forSafety Covers and Labeling Requirements for All Covers forSwimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1346; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for safetycove
3、rs for swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, and wading pools(hereinafter referred to as pools, unless otherwise specified).When correctly installed and used in accordance with themanufacturers instructions, this specification is intended toreduce the risk of drowning by inhibiting the access of childrenu
4、nder five years of age to the water.1.2 This specification includes performance tests to demon-strate the compliance or noncompliance to requirements hereinstated for safety covers. It also includes marking requirementsfor all covers.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the
5、 standard. The values in parentheses are given forinformation only.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods section, Section 9, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the respon
6、sibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 NFPA Document:National Electrical Code, Article 680-2623. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This S
7、tandard:3.1.1 appurtenancessubordinate parts or adjunct acces-sory components to the cover such as hardware includingbuckles, straps, ties, springs, anchors, tracks, rollers, liftingarms, and the like.3.1.2 automatic covera cover which can be placed overthe water area and removed with a motorized me
8、chanismactuated by a suitable control mechanism. See also powersafety cover (PSC), other cover (OC).3.1.3 barriersomething that restrains or obstructs accessto the body of water.3.1.4 blanketa material used for thermal insulation. Seealso solar energy blanket.3.1.5 coversomething that covers, protec
9、ts or shelters, ora combination thereof, a swimming pool, spa, or hot tub.3.1.6 debris covera cover with attendant appurtenancespositioned over the pool area which permits the cover toprevent debris, such as foliage, dirt, windblown trash, and thelike from entering the pool. It is intended to be com
10、pletelyremoved before the entry of bathers. See also other covers(OC).3.1.7 decksthose areas abutting a pool, spa, or hot tub thatare specifically constructed or installed (for example, of wood,concrete, brick, stone, and the like) for use by bathers forsitting, standing or walking and may also act
11、as a base forsupports for covers.3.1.8 domea semipermanent enclosure supported bytrusses, or positive air pressure erected over the pool area toprovide temperature and atmospheric control over the poolenvironment.3.1.9 energy conservationthe reduction of heat loss frompool water through air convecti
12、on or evaporative cooling, orboth.3.1.10 hot tuba spa constructed of wood with sides andbottoms formed separately; and the whole shape joined to-gether by pressure from surrounding hoops, bands or rods; asdistinct from spa units formed of plastic, concrete, metal, orother materials.3.1.11 inaccessib
13、le locationsa location at least 5 ft (1.5m) above the ground with no other access such as hand orfootholds which would permit a child to reach the location.3.1.12 manual covera cover which requires it to be placedover the water area by hand. See also manual safety cover(MSC), and other covers (OC).1
14、This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.28 onCovers for Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved
15、 in 1996 as F 134691 (1996).2Available from National Fire Protection Assoc., Batterymarch Park, Quincy,MA 02269.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.13 markingsthe application of numbers, letters, la-bels, tags, symbol
16、s or colors to provide identification andsafety information and to expedite handling during shipmentand storage.3.1.14 manual safety cover (MSC)a barrier which re-quires it to be placed over the water manually. Provides a highlevel of safety for children under the age of five by inhibitingtheir acce
17、ss to the water.3.1.15 other covers (OC)includes any cover type notincorporated in the other two classifications; PSC, MSC. Theyare not intended to serve as a barrier for children under the ageof five.3.1.16 power safety cover (PSC)a barrier which can beplaced over the water area and removed with a
18、motorizedmechanism actuated by a suitable control mechanism. Providesa high level of safety for children under the age of five byinhibiting their access to the water.3.1.17 safety covera barrier (intended to be completelyremoved before entry of bathers), for swimming pools, spas,hot tubs or wading p
19、ools, attendant appurtenances and/oranchoring mechanisms which reduceswhen properly la-beled, installed, used and maintained in accordance with themanufacturers published instructionsthe risk of drowning ofchildren under five years of age, by inhibiting their access tothe contained body of water, an
20、d by providing for the removalof any substantially hazardous level of collected surface water.See also power safety cover (PSC), and manual safety cover(MSC).3.1.18 solar energy blanketsa cover which is a floatingtranslucent (not transparent) heat insulating sheet incorporat-ing, for example, encaps
21、ulated air bubbles or similar low heattransfer (floating) sheet material whose purpose is to inhibitheat dissipation from the pool water surface through airconvection or evaporative cooling. The sheet material, custom-arily translucent (not transparent) to permit the transfer of solarradiation energ
22、y directly to the pool water at all depths andintended for day and night use, is cut to the shape of the pooland is not affixed to the pool structure. It is intended to becompletely removed before the entry of bathers.3.1.19 energy conservation blanketa cover which is afloating heat insulating sheet
23、 material incorporating, for ex-ample, a cellular foam or similar low-heat transfer materialwhose purpose is to inhibit heat loss from the covered water,through air convection or evaporative cooling, or both. Suchmaterials are customarily cut to the shape of the pool and areintended for a night cove
24、ring. The blanket is not affixed to thepool structure. It is intended to be completely removed beforethe entry of bathers.3.1.20 wading poola shallow pool intended for wading,not swimming.3.1.21 waterlinethe waterline shall be defined in one ofthe following ways:3.1.22 skimmer systemthe water line s
25、hall be at themid-point of the operating range of the skimmers.3.1.23 overflow systemthe waterline shall be at the top ofthe overflow outlet.4. Cover Classifications and Minimum QualificationCriteria4.1 Power Safety Cover (PSC)Provides a high level ofsafety for children under the age of five by inhi
26、biting theiraccess to the water.4.1.1 Must satisfy 5.1-5.3, 6.1-6.5, 7.1-7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.4-8.12, 9.1-9.4, 10.1-10.4, and all subsections.4.2 Manual Safety Cover (MSC)Provides a high level ofsafety for children under the age of five by inhibiting theiraccess to the water. May require a longer period
27、 of time to befully secured.4.2.1 Must satisfy 5.1-5.3, 6.1-6.5, 7.1-7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.4-8.12, 9.1-9.4, and all subsections.4.3 Other Covers (OC)Includes any cover type not incor-porated in the other two categories MSC, PSC. They are notintended to serve as a barrier for children under the age of fiv
28、e.Design characteristics may be hazardous when used in thepresence of children under the age of five.4.3.1 Shall satisfy 5.1-5.3, 8.1-8.3, 8.5-8.12, and all subsec-tions.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Only materials not known to be harmful to health,within the intended application, shall be used.5.
29、2 All materials and components shall be durable andsatisfactory for the intended purpose under the conditionsnormally prevailing at the site.5.3 The cover shall be manufactured or fabricated, or both,in accordance with generally accepted, good manufacturingpractices.6. General Requirements for Safet
30、y Covers6.1 Installation/Use of safety coversUnless installed bythe manufacturer, or responsible parties, or both, detailedinstructions for installation shall be given in a form included inthe packaging or a label, or both, attached to the cover.6.2 Labels attached to the cover shall meet the genera
31、lrequirements described in 8.5.1 and 8.8-8.8.2.6.3 Markings for safety covers shall include:6.3.1 the manufacturers name,6.3.2 date manufactured or installed, and6.3.3 instructions to consumers to inspect the cover forpremature wear or deterioration.6.3.4 Labels attached to covers shall meet the gen
32、eralrequirements described in 8.4.1, 8.7-8.8.1, and 8.9.6.4 Fastening mechanisms or devicesTies, attachmentpoints, anchors, anchorage, and controls for automatic coversor other means of fastening a cover shall include provisionssuch as keys, combination locks, special tools, devices, orinaccessible
33、locations, and the like, to inhibit children underfive years of age from removing or operating the cover. Whensubjected to the load and perimeter deflection tests described in9.1 and 9.2, all fastening devices shall remain in their intended,secured or closed, or both, position. After the test, the i
34、ntendedperformance of the device should not be impaired.6.5 OpeningsThe cover shall be designed in such a waythat, when it is tested by the test method described in 9.4, anyopening in the major component or between the edge of theF 1346 91 (2003)2cover and the deck surface or coping wall, or both, a
35、nd the topsurface of the spa or pool does not allow the test object to passthrough. The test object shall not gain access to the water, or besubject to entrapment.6.6 Seams, ties or welds in the cover shall show no signs ofdamage, which will impair intended performance of the devicewhen the cover is
36、 tested by the methods described in 9.1-9.4.7. Performance Requirements for Safety Covers7.1 Static LoadIn the case of a pool with a width ordiameter greater than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the periphery, the covershall be able to hold a weight of 485 lb (220.0 kg) (2 adults and1 child) to permit a rescue op
37、eration.7.1.1 In the case of a pool with a width or diameter notgreater than 8 ft (2.4 m) the cover shall withstand the weight of275 lb (125 kg) (weight of a child and an adult). Complianceshall be determined by the test method described in 9.1.7.2 Perimeter DeflectionThe cover shall be designed ins
38、uch a way that, when it is tested by the test method describedin 9.2, deflection of the cover does not allow the test object topass between the cover and the side of the pool, or to gainaccess to the water.7.3 Surface DrainageThe cover shall be so constructed,or incorporate a system, or have an auxi
39、liary system provided,that when used in accordance with the manufacturers instruc-tions, shall drain substantially all standing water from the coverwithin a period of 30 min after cessation of normal rainfall.Compliance shall be determined by the test in 9.3.7.4 Opening TestsThe tests shall be condu
40、cted by the testmethod described in 9.4 to demonstrate that any opening in themajor component or between the edge of the cover and thedeck surface or coping wall, or both, and the top surface of thepool or the top surface of the spa is sufficiently small andstrong to prevent the opening from being f
41、orced to a size thatwill allow the test object to pass through.8. Minimum Label Requirements for All Covers forSwimming Pools, Spas, and Hot Tubs8.1 Product LabelAll covers shall be labeled/marked toidentify manufacturers or other responsible parties (such asprivate label distributors), or both. Lab
42、els attached to coversshall meet the general requirements described in 8.5.1 and8.8-8.8.2.8.2 Warning LabelsAll covers shall be required to haveattached the following warning label:8.2.1 Signal WordWARNING.8.2.2 Safety Alert SymbolPreceding the signal word thereshall be triangle with an exclamation
43、point inside the triangle.8.2.2.1 Word MessageThe standard word message shallbe AVOID DROWNING RISK which shall be the first mes-sage to appear directly under the signal word.8.2.2.2 Additional Word Message StatementCovers withany of the outlined hazards in Fig. 1 shall list all applicablewarning st
44、atements on the label.8.3 ColorNon-safety cover warning label.8.3.1 Signal WordBlack letters with orange background.8.3.2 Safety Alert SymbolBlack triangle with orange ex-clamation point.8.3.3 Word MessageBlack lettering on white backgroundor white letters on black background.8.4 ColorSafety cover w
45、arning label.8.4.1 Colors assigned to the signal word panel may also beused for the message word panel provided the panel colorscontrast with the lettering of the label. This is applicable tocovers conforming with the PSC and MSC classifications only.8.5 Warning LabelLetter size.8.5.1 Lettering shal
46、l be of a size that enables a person withnormal vision, including corrected vision, to read the safetysign or label at a safe viewing distance from the hazard.Considerations should be given to environmental variables thatwill affect readability.8.5.2 Signal WordLetter height shall be at least 50 %gr
47、eater than the selected height of the message panel wording.8.5.3 Safety Alert SymbolSafety alert symbol, when usedwith the signal word shall precede the signal word. The base ofthe safety alert symbol shall be on the same horizontal line asthe base of the letters of the signal word. The height of t
48、hesafety alert symbol shall equal or exceed the signal word letterheight.“HAZARD/WARNING STATEMENT CHART”If This Hazard Exists: Add This Warning Statement:*Will not support weight (as defined in this specification) Nonsecured orimproperly secured covers*Stay off coverwill not support weight.*Conceal
49、ment by slipping under cover *Keep children away. Children or objects cannot be seen under cover.*Drowning on top of cover in accumulated surface water (as defined in thisspecification)*Remove Standing Waterchild can drown on top of cover.*Concealment, EntrapmentDrowning under cover *Remove cover(s) completely before entry of bathersentrapment possible.*General requirement for all covers *Non-secured or improperly secured covers are a hazard.*Option to above for Safety Covers *Failure to follow all instructions may result in injur
