1、Designation: F1362 13F1362 18Standard Test Method forShear Strength and Shear Modulus of Aerospace GlazingInterlayer Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shear strength and shear modulus of interlayer materia
3、ls that are restrainedby relatively high modulus plies in laminated transparencies. This test method can be used with single or multiple plies of the sameinterlayer materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3
4、This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior
5、 to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barrie
6、rs to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE229 Test Method for Shear Strength and Shear Modulus of Structural Adhesives (Withdrawn 2003)3E691 Practice for Conducting
7、 an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodF734 Test Method for Shear Strength of Fusion Bonded Polycarbonate Aerospace Glazing Material3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 adherendrelatively higher modulus plies that restrain interlayer materials.3.1.2 shear modulusthe rati
8、o of the shear stress to the corresponding shear strain for the initial straight-line portion of thecurve.3.1.3 shear strengththe maximum shear stress existing in the interlayer prior to failure. Represents the shear strength of thesystem either as a cohesive or adhesive failure mode.4. Summary of T
9、est Method4.1 Torsional shear forces are applied to the interlayer through a circular section that produces a peripherally uniform stressdistribution. The maximum stress in the interlayer at failure represents the apparent shear strength of the interlayer. By measuringthe interlayer strain as a func
10、tion of load, a stress-strain curve can be established. The test specimen shouldshall be made from thesame materials that are to be used in production, and production processes shouldshall be used when applicable. It is also possibleto fabricate specimens from the finished/formed transparency.1 This
11、 test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 on TransparentEnclosures and Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013June 1, 2018. Published January 2014June 2018. Originally approved in 1991. Last
12、previous edition approved in 20092013 asF1362 09.F1362 13. DOI: 10.1520/F1362-13.10.1520/F1362-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Documen
13、t Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit
14、may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
15、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 The basic material properties obtained from this test method can be used in the control of the quality of interlayers, in thetheoretical equations for designing laminated transparencies, and in the ev
16、aluation of new interlayers.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachinesMachines used for shear testing shall conform with the requirements of Practices E4. The loads used indetermining shear strength shall be within the loading range of the testing machine as defined in Practices E4.F1362 1826.2 Torsional Shea
17、r ApparatusThe torsional shear jig shouldshall apply a torsional shear load to the specimen withoutinducing bending, peeling, or transverse shear stresses in the test section. Loading canshall be accomplished with torsion-testequipment or by means of a jig that can be used in a universal testing mac
18、hine. A jig is shown in Fig. 1 (see Practice F734) andFigs. 2 and 3 show the adaptations required for the various specimens. Adequate precautions shouldshall be taken to ensure aminimum of frictional loss of torque (as by careful bearing design) or to provide a direct measurement of the applied torq
19、ue (asby a load cell), or both, and to prevent the application of axial forces. Also, take care to take up the slack in the system prior tothe start of each test.6.3 Measurement of Angular DisplacementSince the shear strains of an interlayer will normally be very large, the angulardisplacement shoul
20、dshall be measured using an angular displacement transducer. This transducer canshall be either internal to thetorsion-test machine or attached to the jig.7. Test Specimens7.1 The specimen shall consist of laminated transparency material machined in such a way as to produce an annular test ring.The
21、laminated transparency material can be either flat or curved, and typical of the materials used in production where applicable.Take adequate precautions to ensure test specimen uniformity.7.2 Determine the interlayer thickness within an accuracy of 5 %. This canshall be determined by direct measurem
22、ent or bysubtracting the thickness of the structural plies from the total thickness, except when all plies are not loaded (see Fig. 3, Type II).7.3 Specimens are to shall be fabricated using one of the three specimen geometries shown in Figs. 4-6. The test specimengeometry shouldshall be selected to
23、 maximize the accuracy of the results within the guidelines. Types 1 and 2 specimens aresmaller and can be used are suitable to test curved materials. The type 3 specimens are to shall be used in the testing of flat materialwhere larger specimen sizes are desirable.7.4 Other specimens not conforming
24、 to 7.3 canshall be sized in accordance with the capability of the test machine in order toensure failure of the specimen; this can be either a load limitation or displacement limitation. Generally, for flat material, the largerthe specimen size the greater the consistency and accuracy of the test r
25、esults. Test specimens removed from a curved sheetshouldshall be sized to limit the effects of curvature. Guidelines are provided in Table 1.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2C2 C (73.4 6 3.6F)3.6 F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40h prior to test in accorda
26、nce with Procedure A of Practice D618 unless otherwise specified.FIG. 1 Torsional Shear Test Fixture (See Fig. 1, Practice F734).F1362 183FIG. 2 Adapters Required for Testing Type I and Type II SpecimensFIG. 3 Adapter Required for Testing the Type III SpecimenF1362 184NOTE 1Dimension a can be varied
27、 to test singular or multipleinterlayer material depending on requirements.FIG. 4 Torsional Shear Test Specimen, Type INOTE 1Annular interlayer test section required.NOTE 2Dimension a can be varied to test a specific interlayer or acombination of interlayers depending on requirements (specimen shown
28、to test interlayers t1 and t2).FIG. 5 Torsional Shear Test Specimen, Type IINOTE 1Dimensions a and b (depth of annular grooves) can be variedto test a specific interlayer or a combination of interlayers (specimenshown to test interlayers t1, t2 and t3).NOTE 2Hidden lines for loading pin hole pinhole
29、 omitted in sectionfor clarity.FIG. 6 Torsional Shear Test Specimen, Type IIITABLE 1 Specimen Choice GuidelinesSpecimenType GuidelinesMaximumA %Error onFlat MaterialType I (Fig. 2) Can be used on flat or curved materialwhere the radius of curvature isgreater than 12 in. (305 mm)16.9Type II (Fig. 3)
30、Can be used on flat or curved materialwhere the radius of curvature isgreater than 24 in. (610 mm)11.3Type III (Fig. 4) Can be used on flat material and willyield the most accurate results5.6TABLE 1 Specimen Choice GuidelinesSpecimenType GuidelinesMaximumA %Error onFlat MaterialType I (Fig. 2) Shall
31、 be used on flat or curved materialwhere the radius of curvature isgreater than 12 in. (305 mm)16.9Type II (Fig. 3) Shall be used on flat or curved materialwhere the radius of curvature isgreater than 24 in. (610 mm)11.3Type III (Fig. 4) Shall be used on flat material and willyield the most accurate
32、 results5.6A The following equation was used to estimate maximum error on shear strength.4 sb32a3db3 sb42a4dwhere:a = inside diameter, andb = outside diameter.F1362 1859. Procedure9.1 Measurement of SpecimensMeasure the loading fixturing and specimens to ensure concentricity and conformance to thedi
33、mensional tolerances.9.2 Load and DeflectionMake simultaneous measurements of load (torque) and deflection and record the data. Take care tocorrect for jig deflections if any occur.9.3 Speed of TestingLoad the specimen so as to produce failure in 2 to 5 min for static properties. This test method is
34、 validfor high strain rate testing conducted using a constant displacement rate.9.4 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C2 C (73.4 6 3.6F)3.6 F) and 50 6 5 %relative humidity unless otherwise specified.10. Calculation (Test Method E229)10.1 Shear StrengthCalcu
35、late the shear strength (max) as follows (see Table 1):max5Tr/Ip (1)where:Ip = pi(ro4 r14)/2, polar moment of inertia, m4 (in.4),T = applied torque at failure, Nm (lbfin.),r = radius to midpoint of interlayer ring as measured, m (in.),ro = radius to outside of interlayer ring as measured, m (in.),r1
36、 = radius to inside of interlayer ring, m (in.), andmax = maximum shear stress or shear strength of the interlayer, Pa (psi).10.2 Interlayer Circumferential DisplacementCalculate the interlayer deformation (b) as follows:b 52r (2)where: = deformation of interlaminar and adherend ring (or rings) as m
37、easured, m (in.),r = tr/Gr = deformation of interlaminar adherend ring, m (in.), = shear stress corresponding to deformation () measurement, Pa (psi),tr = total thickness of interlaminar adherend ring or rings, m (in.), andGr = shear modulus of interlayer adherend ring, Pa (psi).10.3 Shear Modulus (
38、Note 1) Determine the shear modulus of the interlayer by means of fitting graphically a straight linethrough the initial portion of the previously obtained torque versus displacement curve. From this line read the deviation incrementcorresponding to a given shear increment and substitute in the foll
39、owing equation:Gb 5dTrtb/Ipdb! (3)where:Gb = shear modulus of the interlayer, Pa (psi),dT = increment of torque, (T1 T2), N m (lbf in.),d(b) = increment of shear deformation corresponding to the torque increment, (b)1 (b)2, m (in.), andtb = total thickness of the tested interlayer, m (in.).NOTE 1For
40、 non-Hookian material, this is an apparent initial modulus.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Description of the test apparatus,11.1.2 Description of test specimen geometry,11.1.3 Description of the interlayer tested and adherend plies including material type, grade, manufacturer
41、, previous history, andso forth,11.1.4 Number of specimens tested (five shall be considered minimum),11.1.5 Displacement rate, test temperature, and relative humidity if other than specified,11.1.6 Typical load-displacement curves with an indication of the location at which the modulus was measured,
42、11.1.7 Average value and standard deviation of shear strength and shear modulus, and11.1.8 Description of failure mode (adhesive or cohesive) or percentage of the combined failure.12. Precision and Bias12.1 An interlaboratory study (ILS) was planned, to determine Precision and Bias of this test meth
43、od. The ILS was to followPractice E691, with seven laboratories participating. Unfortunately, the study was not completed. A full Precision and Biasstatement will be made when a future study is completed.F1362 18612.2 ILS results from one laboratory, which has completed a portion of its testing, are
44、 shown in Tables 2 and 3.12.3 The data shown in Table 2 do not provide rigorous repeatability statistics (within-laboratory precision). They provide anindication of the repeatability achieved by a single laboratory, and therefore provide a qualitative measure of the repeatability ofthe test method.1
45、2.4 A similar qualitative determination of reproducibility (between laboratory precision) cannot be made using these data.13. Keywords13.1 interlayer; plies; shear modulus; shear strength; shear stress; torsional shearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
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