1、Designation: F 1364 03e1Standard Practice forUse of a Calibration Device to Demonstrate the InspectionCapability of an Interferometric Laser ImagingNondestructive Tire Inspection System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1364; the number immediately following the designation indic
2、ates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAdjunct reference was corrected editorially in A
3、pril 2006.1. Scope1.1 This standard practice describes the construction anduse of a calibration device for demonstrating the anomalydetection capability of interferometric laser imaging nonde-structive tire inspection system. A common practice within theindustry is to refer to these systems as shear
4、ographic/holographic (S/H) systems.1.2 This standard practice applies to S/H systems that areused for evaluating the structural integrity of pneumatic tires,(for example, presence or absence of anomalies within the tire).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
5、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics a
6、nd Per-formance of Tires2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:Straining Block Drawings33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 analysis, nan act of inspecting the S/H image andassociating this image with a known calibration reference.F 5383.1.2 shearogram/hologram, nthe common term for aninterferometric image provided by S
7、/H systems. F 5383.1.3 shearographic or holographic (S/H) systems, nashearographic or holographic system using interferometriclaser imaging to nondestructively inspect tires. F 5383.1.4 straining block, na test block containing a numberof anomalies, that is capable of simulating an anomaly in a tire
8、.F 5383.1.5 straining block anomoly, na change in the strainpattern of the deformable surface of a straining block as a resultof applied stress brought about through a change in atmo-spheric pressure on the deformable surface.3.1.5.1 DiscussionA distinction is made between ananomaly in the straining
9、 block and an anomaly in the a tire.F 5383.1.6 straining block holding fixture, na device for hold-ing one or more straining blocks in the S/H system during theinspection process (see Fig. 1). F 5384. Summary of Practice4.1 The straining block is designed to create an image of aknown anomaly against
10、 which the performance of the S/Hsystem may be evaluated. The block is constructed by securinga flexible membrane over a rigid block that contains a series ofholes of various sizes and shapes. The membrane should bemade of a material that retains its physical properties over timewith minimal aging e
11、ffects. The interior holes in the block areeither vented to atmospheric pressure or sealed at a nominalpressure, allowing a differential pressure to exist on themembrane when the block is subjected to a vacuum. It is thedeflection of the surface under this differential pressure that ismeasured by th
12、e S/H system. The thickness of material must beselected to give deflections that are representative of thoseassociated with anomalies found in a tire.4.2 The size of the holes in a straining block can be used todetermine the sensitivity of the S/H system. Generally, largerholes are more readily dete
13、ctable. However, it is possible for apoorly calibrated S/H system to detect some small holes andmiss very large ones. Therefore, a calibration block shouldcontain holes of varying diameter and depth, consistent withthe range of anomaly sizes that are expected in use of the S/Hsystem. Typically, the
14、calibration holes in the straining blocks1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities, andCalibration.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1992.
15、Last previous edition approved in 1997 as F 1364 92 (1997)e12For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3
16、Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJF1364. Original adjunct produced in 1992.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.vary between diameters of 1 mm (0.04 in.) and 100 mm (4 in.).A drawing of on
17、e version of the straining blocks is shown inFig. 2.4.3 These straining blocks shall be placed in a series oflocations within the S/H system to confirm the detectability ofanomalies over the entire field of view within the S/H system.Alternately, a straining block can be designed to be rectangularin
18、 shape with proportions covering the systems field of viewwith anomalies located at each corner, allowing assessment ofthe entire field of view in a single inspection. An example of atypical straining block holding fixture is shown in Fig. 1.Straining blocks may also be integrated into the design of
19、 theS/H machine.4.4 By studying the presence and clarity of the fringepatterns obtained from each straining block an assessment ofmachine calibration may be made. Adjustments such as opticalalignment, laser power, vacuum level, beam ratio modifica-tions, multiple exposure, viewer maintenance and oth
20、er alter-ations shall be made to optimize the ability to detect the varioushole sizes in the straining blocks.5. Significance and Use5.1 All S/H systems change with time and use. Therefore, acalibration procedure for evaluating the operation of an S/Hsystem is desirable. This calibration procedure p
21、rovides amethod of obtaining an optimized interferometric image pat-tern associated with a given size anomaly.5.2 The use of straining blocks as calibration devicesprovides a means for ensuring the continued optimal perfor-mance of the S/H system. Straining blocks can also be used tocompare performa
22、nce of S/H systems in different facilities.5.3 At not greater than a three (3) month interval the S/Hsystem shall be calibrated following the procedures describedin this practice. When necessary, adjustments, repairs, ormodifications shall be made to the S/H system until it is able toobserve, in the
23、 same image, all anomalies of size within therange of interest contained in the straining blocks.6. Preparation of the Straining Blocks6.1 One configuration of straining blocks is shown in Fig. 2.Alternative configurations and layouts are acceptable, providedthey meet the requirements detailed in th
24、is standard. A detaileddescription of how to manufacture the blocks can be obtained,upon request, fromASTM.3Most suppliers of S/H systems willproved a calibration standard with void sizes varying through-out the range of interest.6.2 Fig. 1 shows a fixture that can be used for holding oneor the othe
25、r straining blocks. Straining blocks may also beintegrated into the design of the S/H machine.7. Procedure7.1 One or more straining blocks shall be mounted atvarious locations within the field of coverage of the S/Hsystem. This is to simulate the surface locations of a tire beinginspected.7.2 The S/
26、H system is then operated through an inspectioncycle and the resultant shearograms/holograms are observedusing a laser viewer or other viewing device. All anomalies ofdiameters within the range of interest must be observable withclearly recognizable fringes or indications throughout theimage of the
27、straining block.7.3 When necessary, adjustments, repairs, or modificationsshall be made to the S/H system until it is able to disclose, inthe same image, all anomalies of diameters within the range ofinterest contained in the straining blocks.8. Report8.1 Record the date of the machine calibration.8
28、.2 Record relevant machine operating and setup param-eters (including, where applicable, but not limited to linevoltage, laser output power, exposure time, shear angle, anddifferential vacuum) on the calibration report. Where thesystem can support variable imaging head positions, thelocation (angle
29、and distance) of the head relative to thecalibration fixture should also be recorded.8.3 Record a brief description of the machine adjustments,repairs or modifications that were made during the calibrationprocess.8.4 The calibration reports and the actual shearograms/holograms or any record of them
30、should be filed for futurecomparative reference.9. Keywords9.1 calibration; holography; inspection; nondestructive;shearography; tireFIG. 1 Straining Block Holding FixtureFIG. 2 Straining BlockF136403e12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in con
31、nection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respon
32、sible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
33、consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 1
34、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F136403e13
