1、Designation: F1430/F1430M 10Standard Test Method forAcoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-InsulatedAerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load HandlingAttachments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1430/F1430M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、 the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for acou
3、sticemission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) withsupplemental load handling attachments.1.1.1 Equipment CoveredThis test method covers thefollowing types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel deviceswith supplemental load handling attachments:1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom APDs,1.1.1.2 Articu
4、lating-boom APDs, and1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.1.1.2 Equipment Not CoveredThis test method does notcover any of the following equipment:1.1.2.1 Aerial personnel devices without supplemental loadhandling attachments,1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,1.1.2.3 Cranes with platfo
5、rm, and1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities locatedanywhere other than adjacent to the platform.NOTE 1This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDTmethod for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device.Other NDT methods should be used to supplement th
6、e results.1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locateemission sources. Verification of emission sources may requirethe use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such asradiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant,and visual inspection. (WarningThis test method req
7、uiresthat external loads be applied to the superstructure of thevehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken tosafeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failureor instability of the vehicle or components.)1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be
8、regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thes
9、afety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E569 Practice for Acoustic Em
10、ission Monitoring of Struc-tures During Controlled StimulationE650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic EmissionSensorsE750 Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instru-mentationE976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acous-tic Emission Sensor ResponseE1316 Terminology for Non
11、destructive ExaminationsF914 Test Method for Acoustic Emission for Insulated andNon-Insulated Aerial Personnel Devices Without Supple-mental Load Handling AttachmentsF2174 Practice for Verifying Acoustic Emission SensorResponse2.2 Other Standards:ANSI A92.2 Standard for Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and
12、Rotating Aerial Devices3ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for PersonnelQualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsib
13、ility ofSubcommittee F18.55 on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for AerialDevices.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1430031. DOI:10.1520/F1430-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
14、 website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,
15、 http:/www.ansi.org.4Available fromAmerican Society for NondestructiveTesting (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 acoustic emiss
16、ion (AE)the class of phenomenawhereby elastic waves are generated by the rapid release ofenergy from a localized source or sources within a material, orthe transient elastic wave(s) so generated.Acoustic emission isthe recommended term for general use. Other terms that havebeen used inAE literature
17、include (1) stress wave emission, (2)microseismic activity, and (3) emission or acoustic emissionwith other qualifying modifiers.3.1.2 amplitude (acoustic emission signal amplitude)thepeak voltage of the largest excursion attained by the signalwaveform from an emission event.3.1.3 amplitude distribu
18、tiona display of the number ofacoustic emission events with signals that exceed an arbitraryamplitude as a function of amplitude.3.1.4 articulating-boom aerial devicean aerial devicewith two or more hinged boom sections.3.1.5 attenuationthe loss of energy per unit distance,typically measured as loss
19、 of signal peak amplitude with unitdistance from the source of emission.3.1.6 channelan input to the main AE instrument thataccepts a preamplifier output.3.1.7 commonedtwo or more sensors interconnected suchthat the sensor outputs are electronically processed by a singlechannel without differentiati
20、on of sensor origin.3.1.8 count also acoustic emission count, nthe number oftimes the acoustic emission signal amplitude exceeds a presetthreshold during any selected portion of a test.3.1.9 decibel (dB)the logarithmic expression of a ratio oftwo single peak amplitudes. A reference scale expresses t
21、helogarithmic ratio of a single peak amplitude to a fixed referenceamplitude.Signal peak amplitude dB! 5 20 log10A1/A0!where:A0= 1 uV at the sensor output (before amplification), andA1= peak voltage of the measured acoustic emissionsignal.Acoustic Emission Reference ScaledB Value Voltage AtSensor Ou
22、tputVoltage At Integral Preamp Sen-sor Output (40-dB Gain)0 1 V 100 V20 10 V 1 mV40 100 V 10 mV60 1 mV 100 mV80 10 mV 1 V100 100 mV 10 V3.1.10 insulated aerial personnel device (IAPD)any de-vice (extensible or articulating) which is designed primarily toposition personnel and may be equipped with a
23、supplementalload handling attachment.3.1.11 event (acoustic emission event)a local materialchange giving rise to acoustic emission.3.1.12 event count (Ne)the number obtained by countingeach discerned acoustic emission event once.3.1.13 extensible-boom aerial devicean aerial device, ex-cept the aeria
24、l ladder type, with a telescopic or extensibleboom.3.1.14 first-hita mode of operation of AE monitoringequipment in which an event occurring on one channel willprevent all other channels from processing data for a specifiedperiod of time. The channel with a sensor closest to thephysical location of
25、the emission source will then be the onlychannel processing data from that source.3.1.15 insulated aerial devicean aerial device designedwith dielectric components to meet a specific electrical insu-lation rating.3.1.16 insulatorany part of an aerial device such as, butnot limited to, the upper boom
26、, lower boom or supportingstructure, made of a material having a high dielectric strength,usually FRP or the equivalent.3.1.17 noiseany undesired signal that tends to interferewith the normal reception or processing of the desired signal.3.1.18 non-destructive testingthe examination by variousmeans
27、of devices and their components without alteration ofthe original components, so that they may function as before.3.1.19 non-overcenterthe feature of an aerial device issuch that the upper boom cannot travel past vertical orientationwith respect to the ground.3.1.20 overcenterthe feature of an aeria
28、l device is suchthat the upper boom travels past vertical orientation withrespect to the ground.3.1.21 qualified personnelpersonnel who, by possessionof a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, orskill, and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, havedemonstrated the ability to
29、deal with problems relating to thesubject matter, the work, or the project.3.1.22 rated boom capacity (RBC)the maximum allow-able capacity of the boom which is calculated by combining theplatform capcity and the capacity of the supplemental loadhandling attachment at zero degrees and fully retracted
30、.3.1.23 signal (emission signal)a signal obtained by detec-tion of one or more acoustic emission events.3.1.24 supplemental loada load which may be affixed to asupplemental load-handling attachment on an insulated aerialpersonnel device.3.1.25 supplemental load attachment capacity (SLAC)themaximum a
31、llowable load, as stated by the aerial devicemanufacturer, which may be affixed to the supplementalload-handling attachment at specified positions of the attach-ments.3.1.26 For definitions of other terms in this test method,refer to Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standa
32、rd: (see Fig.1 and Fig. 2):3.2.1 elbowthe structure connecting the upper boom tothe lower boom, about which one boom articulates relative tothe other.3.2.2 elbow pinthe horizontal pin about which the upperboom rotates relative to the lower boom.3.2.3 lift cylinderthe hydraulic cylinder that lifts th
33、elower boom and the extensible boom(s).3.2.4 lower boomthe structural member, attached to aturntable or base, that supports the upper boom.3.2.5 lower-boom cylinderthe hydraulic cylinder that ar-ticulates the lower boom.F1430/F1430M 1023.2.6 lower-boom insulatorthe part of the lower boommade of high
34、-dielectric strength material (usually fiberglassreinforced plastic or equivalent).3.2.7 lower-boom pinthe horizontal pin about which thelower boom is raised and lowered relative to the turntable.3.2.8 outriggersthe structural members that, when prop-erly extended or deployed on firm ground, assist
35、in stabilizingthe vehicle on which the aerial device is mounted.3.2.9 pedestalthe stationary base of the aerial device thatsupports the turntable.3.2.10 platformthe personnel-carrying component of anaerial device, such as a bucket, basket, stand, or equivalent.3.2.11 platform pinthe horizontal pin a
36、bout which theplatform rotates relative to the upper boom.3.2.12 rated platform capacity (RPC)the maximum loadas stated by the manufacturer for which an aerial device isdesigned to operate, consisting of the combined weight of thepersonnel and all items carried on or in the platform.3.2.13 stabilize
37、rsa means to assist in stabilizing the ve-hicle, such as outriggers, torsion bars, and spring lockouts.3.2.14 supplemental load-handling attachment (Jib)a de-vice(s) affixed to the upper-boom tip area which is designed tolift and or position materials.3.2.15 supplemental load-handling attachment bra
38、cketthe apparatus which affixes the supplemental load handlingattachment to the IAPD.3.2.16 turntablethe rotating base of the aerial device thatsupports the boom(s).3.2.17 upper boomthe structural member, attached to thelower boom, that supports the platform.3.2.18 upper-boom cylinderthe hydraulic c
39、ylinder thatarticulates the upper boom.3.2.19 upper-boom drive mechanismmeans, such as link-age, cables, sheaves, and gears, used to produce upper-boomarticulation.3.2.20 upper-boom tipthe end of the upper boom to whichthe platform is attached.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 AEAcoustic Emission3.3.2 APDAeri
40、al Personnel Device(s)3.3.3 FRPFiberglass Reinforced Plastic3.3.4 JibSupplemental Load Handling Attachment3.3.5 NDTNondestructive Testing3.3.6 RBCRated Boom Capacity3.3.7 RPCRated Platform Capacity3.3.8 SLACSupplemental Load Attachment Capacity1. Upper Controls 8. Elbow 15. Pedestal2. Platform 9. El
41、bow Pin 16. Lower Controls3. Platform Pin 10. Lower Boom 17. Outriggers4. Upper Boom Tip 11. Lower Boom Insulator 18. Outrigger Controls5. Upper Boom 12. Lower Boom Cylinder 19. Stabilizers6. Upper Boom Cylinder 13. Lower Boom Pin 20. Supplemental Load Handling Attachment Arm7. Upper Boom Drive Mech
42、anism 14. Turntable 21. Supplemental Load Handling Attachment BracketFIG. 1 Articulating-Boom APD Nomenclature DiagramF1430/F1430M 1034. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of applying a predeterminedload to an APD while it is being monitored by sensors that aresensitive to acoustic
43、emissions (AE) caused by active defects.These acoustic emissions can be generated by, but are notlimited to, the following: crack nucleation movement orpropagation in the metal components; or matrix crazing,delamination or fiber breakage of the fiberglass reinforcedplastic (FRP) material; or both.4.
44、2 The APD is loaded at a uniform rate until a predeter-mined load is reached, which is held for a period of time. Theload is removed and the cycle is repeated. Acoustic emissionsare monitored during both cycles and the data is evaluated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means of
45、 evaluating acous-tic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy fromlocalized sources within anAPD under controlled loading. Theresultant energy releases occur during intentional applicationof a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases canbe monitored and interpreted by qualifie
46、d individuals.5.2 This test method permits testing of the major compo-nents of an aerial device under controlled loading. This testmethod utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may bediscontinued at any time to investigate a particular area ofconcern or prevent a fault from continuing to ult
47、imate failure.5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acousticemissions that may be defects or irregularities, or both,affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerialdevice.5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this testmethod shall be evaluated by either more refin
48、ed acousticemission test methods or other nondestructive techniques(visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magneticparticle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required tolocate defects present in APDs.1. Upper Controls 10. Lift Cylinder2. Platform 11. Turntable3. Platform Pin 12.
49、 Pedestal4. Upper Boom Tip 13. Lower Controls5. Upper Boom 14. Outriggers6. Intermediate Boom 15. Outrigger Controls7. Lower Boom 16. Stabilizers8. Extension Cylinder 17. Supplemental Load Handling Attachment Arm9. Lower Boom Pin 18. Supplemental Load Handling Attachment BracketFIG. 2 Extensible-Boom APD Nomenclature DiagramF1430/F1430M 1045.5 Defective areas found in aerial devices by this testmethod should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repairprocedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test
