1、Designation: F1430/F1430M 10F1430/F1430M 14Standard Test Method forAcoustic Emission Testing of Insulated and Non-InsulatedAerial Personnel Devices with Supplemental Load HandlingAttachments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1430/F1430M; the number immediately following the design
2、ation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a pro
3、cedure for acoustic emission (AE) testing of aerial personnel devices (APDs) withsupplemental load handling attachments.1.1.1 Equipment CoveredThis test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted aerial personnel devices withsupplemental load handling attachments:1.1.1.1 Extensible-boom AP
4、Ds,1.1.1.2 Articulating-boom APDs, and1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.1.1.2 Equipment Not CoveredThis test method does not cover any of the following equipment:1.1.2.1 Aerial personnel devices without supplemental load handling attachments,1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform,1.1.2.3
5、 Cranes with platform, and1.1.2.4 Aerial devices with load-lifting capabilities located anywhere other than adjacent to the platform.NOTE 1This test method is not intended to be a stand-alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDTmethods should be
6、used to supplement the results.1.2 TheAE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the useof other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visualinspection. (Warni
7、ngThis test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test.During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicleor components.)1.3 The values stated in either SI units or in
8、ch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not pur
9、port to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94
10、Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Contact TestingE164 Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of WeldmentsE569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled StimulationE650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emi
11、ssion SensorsE750 Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instrumentation1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF18.55 on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for A
12、erial Devices.Current edition approved April 1, 2010April 1, 2014. Published May 2010April 2014. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 asF1430F1430/F1430M0310. 1. DOI: 10.1520/F1430-10.10.1520/F1430_F1430M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, ww
13、w.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of wh
14、at changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered th
15、e official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor ResponseE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1417/E1417M Practice for Liquid P
16、enetrant TestingE1444/E1444M Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF914 Test Method forAcoustic Emission for Insulated and Non-InsulatedAerial Personnel Devices Without Supplemental LoadHandling AttachmentsF2174 Practice for Verifying Acoustic Emission Sensor Response2.2 Other Standards:ANSI A92.2 S
17、tandard for Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Aerial Devices3ASNT SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acoustic emission (AE)the class of phenomena whereby elastic waves are generated by the ra
18、pid release of energy froma localized source or sources within a material, or the transient elastic wave(s) so generated.Acoustic emission is the recommendedterm for general use. Other terms that have been used in AE literature include (1) stress wave emission, (2) microseismic activity,and (3) emis
19、sion or acoustic emission with other qualifying modifiers.3.1.2 amplitude (acoustic emission signal amplitude)the peak voltage of the largest excursion attained by the signal waveformfrom an emission event.3.1.3 amplitude distributiona display of the number of acoustic emission events with signals t
20、hat exceed an arbitraryamplitude as a function of amplitude.3.1.4 articulating-boom aerial devicean aerial device with two or more hinged boom sections.3.1.5 attenuationthe loss of energy per unit distance, typically measured as loss of signal peak amplitude with unit distancefrom the source of emis
21、sion.3.1.6 channelan input to the main AE instrument that accepts a preamplifier output.3.1.7 commonedtwo or more sensors interconnected such that the sensor outputs are electronically processed by a singlechannel without differentiation of sensor origin.3.1.8 count alsoacoustic emission count,nthe
22、number of times the acoustic emission signal amplitude exceeds a presetthreshold during any selected portion of a test.3.1.9 decibel (dB)the logarithmic expression of a ratio of two single peak amplitudes. A reference scale expresses thelogarithmic ratio of a single peak amplitude to a fixed referen
23、ce amplitude.Signal peak amplitude dB! 520 log10 A1/A0!where:A0 = 1 uV at the sensor output (before amplification), andA1 = peak voltage of the measured acoustic emission signal.Acoustic Emission Reference ScaledB Value Voltage AtSensor OutputVoltage At Integral PreampSensor Output (40-dB Gain)0 1 V
24、 100 V20 10 V 1 mV40 100 V 10 mV60 1 mV 100 mV80 10 mV 1 V100 100 mV 10 V3.1.10 insulated aerial personnel device (IAPD)any device (extensible or articulating) which is designed primarily to positionpersonnel and may be equipped with a supplemental load handling attachment.3.1.11 event (acoustic emi
25、ssion event)a local material change giving rise to acoustic emission.3.1.12 event count (Ne)the number obtained by counting each discerned acoustic emission event once.3.1.13 extensible-boom aerial devicean aerial device, except the aerial ladder type, with a telescopic or extensible boom.3.1.14 fir
26、st-hita mode of operation of AE monitoring equipment in which an event occurring on one channel will prevent allother channels from processing data for a specified period of time. The channel with a sensor closest to the physical location ofthe emission source will then be the only channel processin
27、g data from that source.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.or
28、g.F1430/F1430M 1423.1.15 insulated aerial devicean aerial device designed with dielectric components to meet a specific electrical insulationrating.3.1.16 insulatorany part of an aerial device such as, but not limited to, the upper boom, lower boom or supporting structure,made of a material having a
29、 high dielectric strength, usually FRP or the equivalent.3.1.17 noiseany undesired signal that tends to interfere with the normal reception or processing of the desired signal.3.1.18 non-destructive testingthe examination by various means of devices and their components without alteration of theorig
30、inal components, so that they may function as before.3.1.19 non-overcenterthe feature of an aerial device is such that the upper boom cannot travel past vertical orientation withrespect to the ground.3.1.20 overcenterthe feature of an aerial device is such that the upper boom travels past vertical o
31、rientation with respect tothe ground.3.1.21 qualified personnelpersonnel who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or skill, andwho, by knowledge, training, and experience, have demonstrated the ability to deal with problems relating to the subject matter,the wor
32、k, or the project.3.1.22 rated boom capacity (RBC)the maximum allowable capacity of the boom which is calculated by combining theplatform capcity and the capacity of the supplemental load handling attachment at zero degrees and fully retracted.3.1.23 signal (emission signal)a signal obtained by dete
33、ction of one or more acoustic emission events.3.1.24 supplemental loada load which may be affixed to a supplemental load-handling attachment on an insulated aerialpersonnel device.3.1.25 supplemental load attachment capacity (SLAC)the maximum allowable load, as stated by the aerial devicemanufacture
34、r, which may be affixed to the supplemental load-handling attachment at specified positions of the attachments.3.1.26 For definitions of other terms in this test method, refer to Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2):3.2.1 elbowthe structure co
35、nnecting the upper boom to the lower boom, about which one boom articulates relative to the other.3.2.2 elbow pinthe horizontal pin about which the upper boom rotates relative to the lower boom.3.2.3 lift cylinderthe hydraulic cylinder that lifts the lower boom and the extensible boom(s).3.2.4 lower
36、 boomthe structural member, attached to a turntable or base, that supports the upper boom.3.2.5 lower-boom cylinderthe hydraulic cylinder that articulates the lower boom.3.2.6 lower-boom insulatorthe part of the lower boom made of high-dielectric strength material (usually fiberglass reinforcedplast
37、ic or equivalent).3.2.7 lower-boom pinthe horizontal pin about which the lower boom is raised and lowered relative to the turntable.3.2.8 outriggersthe structural members that, when properly extended or deployed on firm ground, assist in stabilizing thevehicle on which the aerial device is mounted.3
38、.2.9 pedestalthe stationary base of the aerial device that supports the turntable.3.2.10 platformthe personnel-carrying component of an aerial device, such as a bucket, basket, stand, or equivalent.3.2.11 platform pinthe horizontal pin about which the platform rotates relative to the upper boom.3.2.
39、12 rated platform capacity (RPC)the maximum load as stated by the manufacturer for which an aerial device is designedto operate, consisting of the combined weight of the personnel and all items carried on or in the platform.3.2.13 stabilizersa means to assist in stabilizing the vehicle, such as outr
40、iggers, torsion bars, and spring lockouts.3.2.14 supplemental load-handling attachment (Jib)a device(s) affixed to the upper-boom tip area which is designed to lift andor position materials.3.2.15 supplemental load-handling attachment bracketthe apparatus which affixes the supplemental load handling
41、 attachmentto the IAPD.3.2.16 turntablethe rotating base of the aerial device that supports the boom(s).3.2.17 upper boomthe structural member, attached to the lower boom, that supports the platform.3.2.18 upper-boom cylinderthe hydraulic cylinder that articulates the upper boom.3.2.19 upper-boom dr
42、ive mechanismmeans, such as linkage, cables, sheaves, and gears, used to produce upper-boomarticulation.3.2.20 upper-boom tipthe end of the upper boom to which the platform is attached.3.3 Abbreviations:F1430/F1430M 1433.3.1 AEAcoustic Emission3.3.2 APDAerial Personnel Device(s)3.3.3 FRPFiberglass R
43、einforced Plastic3.3.4 JibSupplemental Load Handling Attachment3.3.5 NDTNondestructive Testing3.3.6 RBCRated Boom Capacity3.3.7 RPCRated Platform Capacity3.3.8 SLACSupplemental Load Attachment Capacity4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of applying a predetermined load to an APD w
44、hile it is being monitored by sensors that aresensitive to acoustic emissions (AE) caused by active defects. These acoustic emissions can be generated by, but are not limitedto, the following: crack nucleation movement or propagation in the metal components; or matrix crazing, delamination or fiberb
45、reakage of the fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) material; or both.4.2 The APD is loaded at a uniform rate until a predetermined load is reached, which is held for a period of time. The load isremoved and the cycle is repeated. Acoustic emissions are monitored during both cycles and the data is ev
46、aluated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localizedsources within anAPD under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlledpredetermined
47、load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.1. Upper Controls 8. Elbow 15. Pedestal2. Platform 9. Elbow Pin 16. Lower Controls3. Platform Pin 10. Lower Boom 17. Outriggers4. Upper Boom Tip 11. Lower Boom Insulator 18. Outrigger Controls5. Upper Boom 12. Lowe
48、r Boom Cylinder 19. Stabilizers6. Upper Boom Cylinder 13. Lower Boom Pin 20. Supplemental Load Handling Attachment Arm7. Upper Boom Drive Mechanism 14. Turntable 21. Supplemental Load Handling Attachment BracketFIG. 1 Articulating-Boom APD Nomenclature DiagramF1430/F1430M 1445.2 This test method per
49、mits testing of the major components of an aerial device under controlled loading. This test methodutilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or preventa fault from continuing to ultimate failure.5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emissions that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affectingthe structural integrity or intended use of the aerial device.5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this te
