1、Designation:F144706 Designation: F1447 12An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope *1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets manufactured
3、 for use by recreational bicyclists or rollerskaters. This specification recognizes the desirability of lightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is a performancestandard and is not intended to restrict design.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance
4、with Test Methods F1446, except where notedherein.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet
5、 any oneof the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the standard and should not be sold with any indication thatit meets parts of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in Evaluating the Performance Char
6、acteristics of Protective HeadgearF2043 Classification for Bicycle Usage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 recreational bicycling, nbicycling in conditions up to Condition 43 as specified in Classification F2043.3.1.2 in-lines, nroller skates with all wheels on ea
7、ch skate arranged along a single longitudinal line.3.1.3 quads, nroller skates with four wheels on each skate arranged in a rectangular pattern.3.1.4 recreational roller skating, nskating horizontally using quads or in-lines but not roller hockey or trick roller skating suchas ramp jumping, sliding
8、sideways, or skating on stairs.4. Headforms4.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are as specified in the section on Test Headforms of Test Methods F1446, usingthe variable mass drop assembly configuration. The appropriate size headform shall be selected in accordance with the section onHead
9、form Size of Test Methods F1446 for the helmet to be tested.4.2 In addition to the provisions of Test Methods F1446, the center of gravity of the headform must be within a 10 verticalcone from the center of impact and lie within a rectangular area 28 by 12.8 mm oriented as shown in Fig. 1. The cente
10、r of gravityof the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm millimeters of the Z-X plane, which is defined for twin wire systems as the planecontaining the axes of the two guide wires, and for monorail systems as the plane containing the design center of the headformand the axis of the monorail. The ce
11、nter of gravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm of the Y-Z plane on the sideopposite the arm of the ball arm and within 21.6 mm of the Y-Z plane on the side containing the ball arm where the Y-Z planeis perpendicular to the Z-X plane and contains the design center of the headform. Pleas
12、e see Fig. 1. The center of the anvil mustbe fixed in alignment with the center vertical axis of the accelerometer.5. Anvils and Impact Velocities5.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specification are the flat, hemispherical, and curbstone anvils described in thesection on Apparatus of Tes
13、t Methods F1446.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear and Helmets.Current edition approved MayJuly 1, 2006.2012. Published May 2006.August 2012. Originally approved in
14、 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20022006 asF1447 026. DOI: 10.1520/F1447-06.10.1520/F1447-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards
15、 Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,
16、ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2
17、The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil to achieve an impact velocity of 6.2 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical dropheight of 2.0 m).5.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the hemispherical and curbstone anvils to achieve an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s(corresponding to a theoretical drop heigh
18、t of 1.2 m).5.4 The impact velocity shall be measured during the last 40 mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 63 % of thevelocities specified in 5.2 and 5.3.6. Marking the Test Line (Area of Required Coverage)6.1 Place the helmet on the appropriate size headform in accordance with the s
19、ection on Headform Size Selection of TestMethods F1446 and preload with a preload ballast weight of 5 kg.6.2 Position the helmet as specified by the manufacturers head positioning index (HPI) with the brow parallel to the basic plane.6.3 Draw a line A-B-C-D on the helmet as shown in Fig. 2. This rep
20、resents the test line defined in Test Methods F1446.7. Conditioning, Number of Samples and Laboratory Environment7.1 The test normally requires eight samples of each shell/liner combination.7.2 Conditioning of the samples to be tested is described in the section on Conditioning Environment of Test M
21、ethods F1446,except that the ambient sample may be conditioned in an environment at 17 to 27C with a relative humidity of 20 to 80 %, andthe wet sample is to be submerged inverted in potable water at a temperature of 17 to 27C to an external crown depth of at least305 6 25 mm.8. Impact Sites and Pro
22、jections8.1 Impact sites are described in the section on Impact Sites and Anvils of Test Methods F1446.8.2 ProjectionsAny unfaired projection extending more than 7 mm from the helmets outer surface shall break away orcollapse when impacted with forces equivalent to those produced by applicable impac
23、t-attenuation tests in Section 5. There shallbe no fixture on the helmets inner surface projecting more than 2 mm into the helmet interior except occipital stabilizers and foamfit pads.9. Impacting Schedule9.1 All impacting shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods F1446.9.2 Helmets shall b
24、e impacted with the anvils centered on or above the test line described in Section 6.9.3 The test anvils can be oriented in any horizontal, centered position.9.4 One each hot, cold, wet, and ambient helmet shall be impacted using the flat and hemispherical anvils only.9.5 The curbstone anvil shall b
25、e used to impact one time each of the second set of four samples, one conditioned under eachof the four conditioning environments.9.6 In accordance with the section on Test Schedule of Test Methods F1446, retention system testing (see Section 11) shall becompleted prior to impact testing.NOTE 1Overv
26、iew of ball-arm as installed on impact test apparatus.NOTE 2Coordinate system as defined in FMVSS 218, revised April 6, 1988. Z axis positive downward (into page).FIG. 1 Center of Gravity for Drop AssemblyF1447 12210. Peak Acceleration Requirements10.1 The peak acceleration (g, max) of the impulse d
27、uring the impact shall be measured with equipment described in the sectionon Apparatus of Test Methods F1446.10.2 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed 300 g.11. Retention System Testing11.1 The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positional stability (roll-off) test in accordanc
28、e with Test Methods F1446,usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m.11.2 Dynamic Strength Retention TestThe hot, cold, and wet helmets shall be subjected to the dynamic strength retention testin accordance withdescribed in Test Methods F1446, usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m. The retention
29、system shallremain intact without elongating more than 30 mm. , using a drop mass of 4 kg dropped a distance of 0.6 m.11.2.1 The helmet shall satisfy the requirements of Test Methods F1446 and the retention system shall not elongate more than30 6 0.8 mm.12. Labels and Warnings12.1 In addition to the
30、 labeling requirements outlined in Test Methods F1446, the helmet shall have one of the followinginscriptions on an interior permanent label:”For use in recreational bicycling but not trick bicycling or downhill mountain bike racing.”For use in recreational roller skating but not trick roller skatin
31、g or roller hockey.”For use in recreational bicycling or roller skating but not trick bicycling or roller skating, downhill mountain bike racing, orroller hockey.”13. Keywords13.1bicycling; protective headgear; roller skating; helmetHeadformSizeDimensionXL/2 YRSTA 24.0 88.0 89.7 38.0 23.0 137.0C 25.
32、0 91.0 92.7 38.5 23.5 141.5E 26.0 94.5 96.0 39.0 24.0 146.5J 27.5 101.0 102.5 41.0 25.0 155.0M 29.0 106.0 107.0 41.0 27.0 161.0O 30.0 108.5 110.0 42.0 27.0 164.5FIG. 2 Marking the Test LineF1447 123SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F08 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since
33、 the last issue, F144702,that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2006.)(1)Revised Fig. 2.13.1 bicycling; protective headgear; roller skating; helmetASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin th
34、is standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must b
35、e reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theres
36、ponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W
37、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F1447 124
