1、Designation: F1459 06 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Susceptibility of Metallic Materials toHydrogen Gas Embrittlement (HGE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1459; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof the susceptibilit
3、y of metallic materials to hydrogenembrittlement, when exposed to high pressure gaseous hydro-gen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
4、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internatio
5、nally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E384 Test M
6、ethod for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-rials3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A thin disk metallic specimen is subjected to an increas-ing gas pressure at constant rate until failure (bursting orcracking of the disk). The embrittlement of the material can beevaluated by comparing the rupture pressur
7、es of identical diskspecimens in hydrogen (PH2) and in a reference inert gas suchas helium (PHe) (1, 2).23.2 The ratio PHe/PH2can be used to evaluate the suscepti-bility of the metallic material to gaseous hydrogen embrittle-ment. The ratio is dependent on the pressurization rate. A ratioof 1 or les
8、s indicates the material is not susceptible to hydrogenembrittlement. A ratio greater than 1 indicates that the materialis susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement and the susceptibilityincreases as the ratio increases.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method will provide a guide for the choice ofme
9、tallic materials for applications in high pressure hydrogengas.4.2 The value of the PHe/PH2ratio will be a relativeindication of the severity of degradation of the mechanicalproperties to be expected in hydrogen.5. Apparatus5.1 A basic test system shall consist of the following items:5.1.1 Test Cell
10、, consists of two flanges as shown schemati-cally in Fig. 1.5.1.1.1 The test cell shall befabricated from materials suchas 316 stainless steel in the annealed condition that are notsusceptible to HGE (3, 4).5.1.1.2 The seals shall be elastomer O-rings for heliumtesting and hydrogen testing at rates
11、of 10 bar/min (145psig/min) or higher. For hydrogen tests at a lower rate, indiumO-rings shall be used.5.1.1.3 An evaluation port (Item 1 in Fig. 1) on the lowerflange is used to check gas purity and adjust pressurization rate.5.1.2 The test cell is pressurized with hydrogen or heliumthrough a pneum
12、atic system. Fig. 2 schematically illustrates thepneumatic system.5.1.2.1 The pressurization rate shall be adjustable in thesystem. A throttle valve is used to adjust the pressurization ratein Fig. 2.6. Gases6.1 Helium, purity 99.995 minimum, 6000-psig (41 400-kPa) or higher pressure source.6.2 Hydr
13、ogen, purity 99.995 minimum, 6000-psig (41 400-kPa) or higher pressure source.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 Fifteen (15) specimens with identical dimensions andtemper conditions shall be prepared for each test program. Six1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 onAerospace and
14、 Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.04 onHydrogen Embrittlement.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1459 06(2012).DOI: 10.1520/F1459-06R17.2The boldface numbers in parenthese
15、s refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establis
16、hed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(6) specimens are to be tested in helium and nine (9) specimensare to be tested in hydrogen. One specimen is
17、 to be tested at thepredetermined pressurization rate in helium or hydrogen asprescribed in 8.2.3.7.2 The specimens for the test cell, illustrated in Fig. 1, havea diameter of 58 mm (2.28 in.) and a thickness of 0.75 mm(0.030 in). If not available, other thickness between 0.25 and 1mm (0.010 and 0.0
18、40 in.) are also acceptable.7.3 The disk specimen shall have a flatness of less than110mm (1254 in.) deflection.7.4 The surface of the disk specimen shall be free of oxides.The surface roughness Ra shall be 0.001 mm (40 in.) or less.7.5 The disk specimen shall be prepared by a method thatdoes not al
19、ter mechanical properties of the material at the edgeof the specimen. Microhardness testing should be conductedper Test Method E384 at the outer edge of the specimen(outside the tested area) to ensure it is as a means of confirmingthat the mechanical properties were not altered.7.6 The specimens sha
20、ll be cleaned, free of grease and driedbefore test.8. Procedure8.1 Pressurization Procedure:8.1.1 Install a disk specimen in the test cell.8.1.2 Evacuate the system to 10-2to 10-3torr for 3 min toeliminate air, moisture, and residual test gases from the system.8.1.3 Purge the system with the gas to
21、be tested, check gaspurity from the evacuation port on a per batch basis.8.1.4 Repeat 8.1.2 and 8.1.3 if necessary.8.1.5 Adjust the pressurization rate to the desired level.8.1.6 Pressurize the system. The pressure versus time datashall be recorded.8.1.7 Stop the test when the disk has burst. Record
22、 the burstor crack pressure.8.2 Test Procedure:8.2.1 Perform hydrogen and helium tests according to thepressurization procedure in 8.1.8.2.2 Six (6) specimens shall be tested in helium. Nine (9)specimens shall be tested in hydrogen.8.2.3 The pressurization rates shall be between 0.1 and 1000bar/min
23、(1.5 to 14 500 psi/min). Suggested pressurization ratesare 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 bar/min (1.5, 15, 145, 1450,7250, and 14 500 psi/min). Additional tests shall be conductedin hydrogen at or near the rates that yield the lowest burstpressure.9. Calculation9.1 Plot the burst pressure versus pr
24、essurization rate (loga-rithmic scale) for the hydrogen and helium test data.9.2 Perform a linear regression on the helium data to obtaina linear relation between the rupture pressure and the pressur-ization rate.9.3 Calculate the apparent helium burst pressure based onthe linear regression at the p
25、ressurization rates in the hydrogenpressure.9.4 Calculate the ratio PHe/PH2at the pressurization ratetested in hydrogen, where PHeis the apparent helium burstpressure calculated from 9.3.9.5 Plot the ratio PHe/PH2versus pressurization rate.1. Port for evacuation and flow adjustment 6. Disk2. Dischar
26、ge port 7. O-ring3. Upper flange 8. Lower flange4. Bolt 9. Gas inlet5. High strength steel ringFIG. 1 Test Cell1. High-pressure tank 6. High-pressure valve2. Pressure gage 7. Throttle valve3. High-pressure valve 8. Slave hand pressure gage4. To vacuum pump 9. Test cell5. To pressure intensifier 10.
27、Check valve11. Pressure bleed valveFIG. 2 Schematic of Disk Pressure TestF1459 06 (2017)210. Interpretation of Results10.1 The maximum value of the PHe/PH2ratio is used toevaluate the susceptibility of the test material to hydrogen gasembrittlement.10.2 If the maximum ratio PHe/PH2is equal to 1, the
28、material is considered to be not susceptible to hydrogenembrittlement. If the ratio is higher than 2, the material isconsidered to be sensitive to hydrogen, and provisions must betaken to avoid exposure to hydrogen. If the ratio is between 1and 2, embrittlement may be expected after long exposure to
29、hydrogen in any form.11. Report11.1 Report material information with alloy identification,hardness, chemistry, heat treatment, and so forth.11.2 Report specimen geometry including diameter andthickness.11.3 Report the test conditions including gas purity andpressurization rates.11.4 Report the ratio
30、 PHe/PH2at each pressurization rate andthe maximum value of the ratio.12. Precision12.1 ReproducibilityThe results of the test for each mate-rial and condition obtained by the same operator usually differby the following percentages: normally processed and ma-chined specimens, 2 to 3 %; ultra high-s
31、trength materials 5 to10 %.12.2 Results differing by more than the indicated percent-ages should be considered suspect and unacceptable.13. Keywords13.1 gaseous disk pressure test; hydrogen gas embrittle-ment; relative susceptibilityREFERENCES(1) Fidelle, J. P., “The Disk Pressure Technique,” Hydrog
32、en Embrittle-ment Testing, ASTM STP 543, American Society for Testing andMaterials, Philadelphia, 1974, p. 33.(2) Fidelle, J. P., “Disk Pressure Testing of Hydrogen EnvironmentEmbrittlement,” Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing, ASTM STP 543,American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1974,
33、 p.231.(3) Barthelemy, H., “Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Some AusteniticStainless Steels,” Fourth International Conference on Hydrogen andMaterials, Beijing, May 1988, p. 841 .(4) Barthelemy, H., “How to Select Steels for Compressed and LiquefiedHydrogen Equipment,” International Conference on Inte
34、raction ofSteels with Hydrogen in Petroleum Industry Vessel Service, Paris,March 28-30, 1989, p. 173-177.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
35、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov
36、ed or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fee
37、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual repr
38、ints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 06 (2017)3
