1、Designation: F1461 12F1461 17Standard Practice forChemical Protective Clothing Program1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is intended to promote the proper selection, use, maintenance, and understanding of the limitations of chemicalprotective clothin
3、g (CPC) by users, employers, employees, and other persons involved in programs requiring CPC, thereby limitingpotentially harmful and unnecessary skin exposures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the u
4、ser of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestabl
5、ished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Pro
6、tective Clothing Materials under Conditions of ContinuousContactF903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by LiquidsF1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective Clothing MaterialsF1052 Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective Su
7、itsF1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and EnsembleComponentsF1194 Guide for Documenting the Results of Chemical Permeation Testing of Materials Used in Protective ClothingF1383 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gase
8、s through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of IntermittentContactF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF2588 Test Method for Man-In-Simulant Test (MIST) for Protective Ensembles2.2 NFPA Standards:3NFPA 1991 Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Materials EmergenciesNFPA 1
9、992 Liquid Splash-Protective Ensembles and Clothing for Hazardous Materials EmergenciesNFPA 1994 Protective Ensembles for First Responders to CBRN Terrorism Incidents2.3 ISO Standard:4ISO 16602 Protective Clothing for Protection Against ChemicalsClassification, Labeling, and Performance Requirements
10、3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 analytical detection limit, na number, expressed in units of concentration (or amount), that describes the lowestconcentration level (or amount) that an analyst can determine to be different from an analytical blank (background level).1 This practice is under the
11、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.30on Chemicals.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2017. Published September 2012November 2017. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved i
12、n 20072012as F1461 - 07.F1461 12. DOI: 10.1520/F1461-12.10.1520/F1461-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the A
13、STM website.3 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switz
14、erland, http:/www.iso.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends th
15、at users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 biological monit
16、oring, nthe chemical analysis of chemicals or metabolites, or both, from a workers blood, urine,fingernails, sweat, breath, and so forth.3.1.3 buddy system, na means of organizing employee work groups whereby each participant is matched with another so thatprompt assistance can be rendered in the ca
17、se of any emergency.3.1.4 chemical protective clothing (CPC), nan item of clothing that is specifically designed and constructed for the intendedpurpose of isolating all or part of the body from a chemical hazard.3.1.5 decontamination, nthe reduction, removal, or neutralization of contaminant or con
18、taminants from protective clothing tosafely permit the protective clothing to be doffed (taken off), or reused, or discarded.3.1.6 elastomer, nan elastic polymer that has properties similar to rubber.3.1.7 fabric, na planar structure consisting of yarns or fibers.3.1.7.1 DiscussionUnlike a polymer s
19、heet, a fabric is normally subject to penetration by gases and liquids.3.1.8 Ficks laws of diffusion, nmathematical descriptions of the movement of one type of molecule through another.3.1.8.1 DiscussionDiffusion is not due to holes or pores in chemical protective clothing materials.3.1.9 hazard ass
20、essment, nan examination of the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present,which necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)3.1.10 industrial hygienist, na person who, by experience and academic training, is qualified to recognize, evaluate, andcontrol
21、chemical, physical, and biological agents in the workplace, or a person certified by the American Board of IndustrialHygiene.3.1.11 occlusion, nthe physical process of covering a chemical that has been applied to or spilled on the skin, therebydisallowing its evaporation and generally increasing its
22、 absorption through the skin.3.1.12 physical-chemical parameters, nvalues for physical or chemical properties of a test chemical or polymer, or both, suchas solubility parameters, molecular weight, vapor pressure, and so forth.3.1.13 plastic, na material that contains, as an essential ingredient, on
23、e or more organic polymeric substances of largemolecular weight, is solid in its finished state, and, at some stage in its manufacture of processing into finished articles, can beshaped by flow.3.1.14 polymer, na substance consisting of molecules characterized by repetition (neglecting ends, branche
24、s, junctions, andother minor irregularities) of one or more chemically bonded types of monomeric units.3.1.15 polymer sheet, na continuous polymeric planar structure.3.1.15.1 DiscussionIt is not normally subject to penetration by gases or liquids.3.1.16 program, na documented policy with procedures
25、for selection and use of CPC.3.1.17 program administrator, na person responsible for the formulation and implementation of a CPC program.3.1.18 program authority, na person responsible for enforcing the requirements of a CPC program.3.1.19 toxicity, nthe propensity of a substance to produce adverse
26、biochemical or physiological effects.3.1.19.1 DiscussionSuch effects are termed toxic effects, as used in this practice.3.2 For definitions of other protective clothing-related terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology F1494.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice presents those elements th
27、at constitute a chemical protective clothing (CPC) program and conditions to be usedin establishing a program for the selection and use of CPC.Adherence to this practice requires that a written program be developedfor any use of CPC.F1461 1724.2 Although much remains to be determined regarding the t
28、oxicity of vapor and liquid exposure to the skin, this practiceoutlines the essential information necessary and suggested methods for hazard risk assessment prior to the selection of CPC (seePracticePractices F1154).4.3 This practice does not address the various methods for testing CPC or obtaining
29、the data upon which CPC assessments aremade. These test methods are listed in Section 2 of this practice.4.4 This practice does not include recommendations that may apply to personal protection from nuclear radiation, radioactivecontamination, or microbiological organisms, or to clothing that is wor
30、n to protect a particular environment from the entry ofchemicals, particles, or living matter that may arise from the wearer.4.5 CPC should be used when other means of control are not available. Its major uses should be limited to the following:4.5.1 Maintenance operations;4.5.2 Upset or emergency c
31、onditions;4.5.3 Use in lieu of engineering controls when they are not feasible or are being installed;4.5.4 Supplementing feasible engineering controls when they fail to control the hazard completely; and4.5.5 Use in the event that engineering controls fail.4.6 Engineering controls and substitution
32、of materials should be stressed as the first line of defense in all control situations sinceeffective use of CPC depends on worker compliance, proper selection, quality control, and other variables that may prove to beweak links in an overall control process.5. Minimum Program Requirements and Objec
33、tives5.1 The primary objective shall be to minimize employee exposures. This objective should be accomplished to the extentfeasible by accepted engineering control measures.These include enclosure or confinement of the operation, isolation of the workerfrom the operation, substitution of less toxic
34、materials, and modification of work practices. When these controls are not feasible,or while they are being implemented or evaluated, appropriate CPC shall be used pursuant to the requirements in this practice andregulatory requirements, where applicable.5.2 Program Administration and Responsibility
35、:5.2.1 Responsibility and authority for implementing the CPC program shall be assigned to a single person. This person willnormally be a plant manager, supervisor, or other person with line supervisory authority. This person is called the programauthority.5.2.2 Normally, a second person shall have r
36、esponsibility for preparing the written program. This person is called the programadministrator. His duties also include maintaining and updating standard procedures and the CPC written program, based onchanges in CPC technology and knowledge; maintaining records; auditing and evaluating the program
37、; directing, interacting with,or supervising those who dispense CPC at the worksite and those who train workers in the use of CPC; and establishing proceduresfor the purchase of CPC. The program administrator will usually have staff responsibilities. The program administrator shall haveknowledge of
38、CPC sufficient to supervise the CPC program properly. (Where possible, the administrator of a CPC program shouldalso be the administrator of the respiratory protection program, if one exists, in order to improve coordination.)5.3 Written ProgramsThe CPC program shall be established and detailed in a
39、 written document.5.4 CPC SelectionThe selection of the CPC article shall be based on consideration of the following:5.4.1 Exposure situation (vapor, pressured splash, liquid splash, intermittent liquid contact, and continuous liquid contact);5.4.2 Toxicity and amount of the chemical(s) (that is, be
40、st knowledge or the estimate of ability to permeate the skin and ofsystemic toxicity);5.4.3 Physical properties of the contaminant chemicals (for example, vapor pressure, molecular weight, and polarity);5.4.4 Functional requirements of the task (for example, dexterity, thermal protection, fire prote
41、ction, and mechanical durabilityrequirements); and5.4.5 Properties of the CPC that are relevant to the physical and chemical hazards and functional requirements of the task. Theseproperties are determined through appropriate testing techniques and include permeation resistance, degradation resistanc
42、e,penetration resistance, dexterity, resistance to tear, and so forth, as applicable. (See Test MethodMethods F739 and F903, GuideF1001, and Practice Test Method F1052.)5.4.6 Selection of the CPC should consider the materials from which the garment, gloves, visor, hoods, and boots areconstructed, th
43、e seam construction and the design of the garments.5.4.7 Selection of the CPC sholdshould also consider the likelihood of coming in contact with the hazardous materials, theduration of the contact, the amount of contact and the direction of liquid contact.5.5 The selection procedure shall be documen
44、ted. Minimally, the selection process should consider degradation, penetration,and permeation resistance of the CPC. Degradation could result in an adverse loss of integrity and chemical resistance properties.Penetration could result in direct skin contact by an agent from bulk flow through seams, p
45、inholes, and so forth. Permeation canresult in skin contact by an agent without any outward signs of either penetration or degradation since molecular flow of thecontaminant through the protective article is occurring.F1461 1735.6 TrainingEach CPC user shall be given training that shall include the
46、following:5.6.1 A description of the hazards for which the CPC is being selected;5.6.2 An explanation and discussion of the toxicity of the contaminants for which CPC is being used including symptoms thatindicate an overexposure has occurred;5.6.3 Limitations of CPC use;5.6.4 Training how to use CPC
47、, including donning, decontamination in order to safely doff the garment, doffing, proper storage,maintenance, inspection, and decontamination for safe reuse where applicable; and disposal of CPC.5.6.5 Each CPC user should tested after training and periodically thereafter, to verify that they unders
48、tand and can follow theCPC training, retrained if necessary or restricted from using CPC if they can not understand or follow the training.5.7 CPC UseThe employer shall not use CPC in violation of the written program or the manufacturers instructions. Whenusing CPC, the employer shall consider speci
49、al emergency-use precautions. The buddy system shall be used in conjunction withemergency-use CPC.5.8 Maintenance and StorageMaintenance and inspection shall be conducted on a schedule that ensures that each piece ofCPC delivers the protection for which it was selected. Minimally, each piece of CPC shall be inspected by the wearer prior to itsuse to ensure its integrity. CPC should be stored in accordance with manufacturers instructions.5.9 DecontaminationProcedures for decontamination and reuse shall be documented. CPC should not be used afte
