1、Designation: F1466 99 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forIron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic SealingApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1466; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel-cobalt alloys,the former, (UNS No. K94630), containing n
3、ominally 29 %nickel, 17 % cobalt, and 53 % iron, the latter, (UNS No.K94620), nominally 27 % nickel, 25 % cobalt and 48 % iron,in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and tubing, intendedprimarily for brazed metal-to-ceramic seals with aluminaceramics, for vacuum electronic applications. Unles
4、s otherwiseindicated, all articles apply to both alloys.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following hazard cave
5、at pertains only to the testmethod portion, Sections 14 and 16 of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and dete
6、rmine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1971 Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Deter-mination of Metals by FlameAtomicAbsorption, GraphiteFurnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma EmissionSpectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
7、E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Test Methods for Determining
8、 the Inclusion Content ofSteelE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials(Withdrawn 2010)3E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop
9、Hardness, Sclero-scope Hardness, and Leeb HardnessE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE1019 Test Methods for Deter
10、mination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1060 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Spectrochemi-cal Methods of Analysis (Withdrawn 1997)33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specificat
11、ion shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number,3.1.2 Size,3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 19), and3.1.6 Certification, if required. Please note that certificationshould include traceabil
12、ity of the heat to the original manufac-turer.4. Chemical Requirements4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F0
13、1.03 on MetallicMaterials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1466 99(2010).DOI: 10.1520/F1466-99R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
14、contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
15、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Surface Lubricants5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremoved readily by any of the common organic degreasingsolvents.6. Temper6.1 The desired temper
16、 of the material shall be specified inthe purchase order.6.2 TubeUnless otherwise agreed upon between the sup-plier or the manufacturer and the purchaser, these forms shallbe given a final bright anneal by the manufacturer and suppliedin the annealed temper.6.3 Strip and SheetThese forms shall be su
17、pplied in one ofthe tempers given in Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, asspecified.6.4 Wire and RodThese forms shall be supplied in one ofthe tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwisespecified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied inTemper A (annealed).NOTE 1For rod form
18、s, air anneal, followed by centerless grinding toremove scale, is an acceptable alternate.7. Grain Size7.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing shall have an averagegrain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 2), and no morethan 10 % of the grains shall be larger than No. 5 whenmeasured in accordance wi
19、th Test Methods E112.NOTE 2This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16 grains/in.2 of image at 100.7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall benegotiated between user and supplier.8. Hardness8.1 Deep-Drawing TemperFor deep drawing, the hardnessshall not exceed 82 HRB for material
20、0.100 in. (2.54 mm) andless in thickness, and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. inthickness when determined in accordance with Test MethodsE18. See also Test Method E92 for Vickers Hardness Testingand tables in E140.8.2 Rolled and Annealed TempersHardness tests whenproperly applied can be indicativ
21、e of tensile strength. Hardnessscales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall benegotiated between supplier and purchaser.9. Tensile Strength9.1 Strip and Sheet:9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conformwith the r
22、equirements prescribed.9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-dinal axis is parallel to the direction of rolling and the test shallbe performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.9.2 Wire and Rod:9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers
23、 given in Table 3 and shall conform tothe requirements prescribed.9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with TestMethods E8.10. Surface Finish10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following operations:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerle
24、ss grinding (rod),10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling, and10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in thelast right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, inaccordance with the rounding-off meth
25、od of Practice E29.Element UNS No. K94630 UNS No. K94620Iron, nominal remainderAremainderANickel, nominal 29A27ACobalt, nominal 17A25AManganese, max 0.35 0.35Silicon, max 0.15 0.15Carbon, max 0.02 0.02Aluminum, max 0.01B0.01BMagnesium, max 0.01B0.01BZirconium, max 0.01B0.01BTitanium, max 0.01B0.01BC
26、opper, max 0.20 0.20Chromium, max 0.03 0.03Molybdenum, max 0.06 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.006C0.006CSulfur, max 0.006C0.006CAThe iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal and may be adjusted bythe manufacturer to meet the requirements for the coefficient of thermal expansionas specified in 12.1.
27、BThe total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed0.04 %.CThe total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.010. %.TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and SheetTemperDesignationTemperNameTensile Strength, ksi (MPa)UNS No. K94630UNS No. K94620(Nominal Values)A
28、 annealed 82 max (565 max) 85 max (586 max)B14 hard 75to90(517to621)85 to 100 (586 to689)C half hard 85 to 100 (586 to689)95 to 110 (655 to758)D34 hard 95 to 110 (655 to758)105 to 120 (724 to827)E hard 100 min (689 min) 120 min (827 min)TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and RodTemperDes
29、ignationTensile Strength, ksi (MPa)UNS No. K94630UNS No. K94620(Nominal Values)A 85 (586) max 85 (586) maxB 85 to 105 (586 to 724) 85 to 100 (586 to 689)C 95 to 115 (655 to 793) 95 to 110 (655 to 758)D 105 to 125 (724 to 862) 105 to 120 (724 to 827)E 125 (862) min 120 (827) minF1466 99 (Reapproved 2
30、015)211. Inclusion Content11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and SheetThese product formsshall be free of inclusions, cracks, blow holes and other defectsthat are detrimental to the quality of subsequent product. Themaximum inclusion rating number shall be 2 for InclusionTypes, A, B, C and D in both the thi
31、n and heavy series shownin Plate I using Practice E45, Method A, Worst-Field Tech-nique.NOTE 3The test for inclusions may be performed on billet sections. Insuch cases, the sample section must include regions that correspond to thetop of the ingot.NOTE 4Product section size information at which the
32、inclusion ratingswere taken should be included.12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansionshall be within the limits specified in Table 4.13. Test for Thermal Expansion13.1 Heat the specimen in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for 1h at 1000C. Cool at a r
33、ate not to exceed 300C per hour.13.2 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics inaccordance with Test Method E228.14. Transformation14.1 (UNS No. K94630 only) The temperature of thegamma-to-alpha transformation shall be below 78.5C whenthe material is tested in accordance with Section 16. Howe
34、ver,for material whose smallest dimension is over78 in. (22.2 mm),some localized transformation, acceptable to the purchaser,may be tolerated.14.2 The temperature of the gamma-alpha transformationfor UNS No. K94620 is well below 78.5C. Tests fortransformation in this alloy, if necessary, shall be ne
35、gotiatedbetween supplier and purchaser.14.3 For alloy UNS No. K94630, consult the nonmandatoryappendix of Specification E92 for applicable thermal expan-sion information based on producer heat data and recom-mended thermal expansion values over a wide range oftemperatures.15. Test for Transformation
36、15.1 Cut the specimen from any part of the material, butpreferably including the entire cross section, degrease it, thenheat treat it as described in 13.1. When cool, polish the crosssection of the specimen and etch (Note 5) it in accordance withMethods E3. Then subject the specimen to the temperatu
37、reproduced by an excess of dry ice in methanol (78.5C) for atleast 4 h. After the low-temperature treatment, examine thespecimen at a magnification of 150 for the presence of theacicular crystals characteristic of the alpha phase. Becausethese crystals may occur only in small localized areas, examin
38、ecarefully the entire polished cross section.NOTE 5A suggested etchant is a solution of three parts by volume ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid and one part of concentrated nitric acidsaturated with cupric chloride (CuCl22H2O). This etchant is moreeffective when allowed to stand for 20 min after mixi
39、ng. After severalhours it loses its strength and should be discarded at the end of the day.Etching is best accomplished by swabbing the specimen with cottonsoaked with the etchant. Etching is usually complete when the surface ofthe metal appears to have turned dull.15.2 Specimens that show no transf
40、ormation and that showpartial transformation are illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,respectively.16. Chemical Analysis16.1 This describes the chemical analysis techniques to beused in case of dispute. Wherever applicable, the analysisprocedures described in Practices D1971, Test Methods E3,E1019 and P
41、ractice E1060 should be utilized.16.2 Do chemical analysis as follows:16.2.1 Carbon, Sulfur, Combustion method.16.2.2 Aluminum, Chromium, MagnesiumAtomic absorp-tion method.16.2.3 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (excluding Iron,Nickel and Cobalt)Atomic absorption, optical emission orinductively
42、coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.NOTE 6The iron, nickel and cobalt requirements are nominal (seeTable 1).17. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations17.1 Cold-Rolled StripCold-rolled strip shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 5,Table 6, and Table 7.17.
43、2 Round Wire and RodWire and rod shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 8.17.3 Cold-Drawing TubingCold-drawn tubing, availableeither as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissiblevariations prescribed in Table 9.18. General Requirements18.1 The material
44、 supplied under this specification shall becommercially smooth, uniform in cross section, incomposition, and in temper; it shall be free of scale, corrosion,cracks, seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects as bestcommercial practice will permit.19. Packaging and Package Marking19.1 Packaging sha
45、ll be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.19.2 The material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name or symbol of the manufacturer and byheat number. The lot size for determining compliance with therequirements of this specification shall be one heat.
46、TABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal ExpansionTemperature Range, CAverage Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,m/mCUNS No. K94630 UNS No. K94620(Nominal Values)30400 4.605.20 .30450 5.105.50 .30500 . 7.307.9030600 . 8.008.60F1466 99 (Reapproved 2015)320. Investigation of Claims20.1 Where any material
47、fails to meet the requirements ofthis specification, the material so designated shall be handled inaccordance with a mutual agreement between the purchaserand the seller.21. Keywords21.1 control of thermal expansion; iron-nickel-cobalt alloys;metal/ceramic brazing; oxide-forming impurities and inclu
48、-sions; UNS No. K94620; UNS No. K94630; vacuum electronicapplicationsFIG. 1 Normal Annealed Specimen Showing No TransformationFIG. 2 Partially Transformed SpecimenF1466 99 (Reapproved 2015)4TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled StripSpecified Thickness, in. (mm)Permissible Varia
49、tions in Thickness for Width Given, in. (mm)Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)0.160 0.100 (4.06 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)0.099 0.069 (2.51 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102)0.068 0.050 (1.73 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.049 0.035 (1.24 0.89), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076)0.034 0.029 (0.86 0.74), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.
