1、Designation: F1511 16 An American National StandardStandard Specification forMechanical Seals for Shipboard Pump Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers mechanical end-face seals forcentrifugal and positive displacement pumps for s
3、hipboard use.1.2 The following types of seals are not included in thisspecification: lip seals, oil seals, circumferential seals, orlabyrinth seals.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that ar
4、e provided for information onlyand are not considered standard. A companion hard metricstandard is in the process of preparation.1.4 Special requirements for U.S. Navy Shipboard PumpApplications are included in Supplement S1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar
5、, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy andStainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valvesand Parts for High-Temperature ServiceA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels
6、 and for General ApplicationsA276 Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA313/A313M Specification for Stainless Steel Spring WireA351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, forPressure-Containing PartsA436 Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron CastingsA494/A494M Specification for C
7、astings, Nickel and NickelAlloyA564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and ShapesA579/A579M Specification for Superstrength Alloy SteelForgingsA693 Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Stainlessand Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
8、A744/A744M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceB62 Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce MetalCastingsB127 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400)Plate, Sheet, and StripB164 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, andWir
9、eB166 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNSN06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025,N06045, and N06696), Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617), and Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Tungsten Alloy (UNS N06674) Rod, Bar, andWireB168 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (
10、UNSN06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025,N06045, and N06696), Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617), and Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Tungsten Alloy (UNS N06674) Plate, Sheet,and StripB271 Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal Cast-ingsB333 Specification for Nickel-Molybden
11、um Alloy Plate,Sheet, and StripB335 Specification for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy RodB338 Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium andTitanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchang-ersB348 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Barsand BilletsB367 Specification for Titanium and Titani
12、um Alloy Cast-ings1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 onMachinery and Piping Systems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last
13、previous edition approved in 2014 as F1511 14. DOI:10.1520/F1511-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
14、ebsite.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1B443 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy(UNS N06625) and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-SiliconAlloy (UNS N06219) Plate, Sheet,and StripB446 Specification for
15、 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy (UNS N06625), Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Silicon Alloy (UNS N06219), and Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Tungsten Alloy (UNS N06650)Rod and BarB472 Specification for Nickel Alloy Billets and Bars forReforgingB473 Specification for UNS N08020, UNS N08024, andUNS
16、 N08026 Nickel Alloy Bar and WireB505/B505M Specification for Copper Alloy ContinuousCastingsB584 Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings forGeneral ApplicationsB637 Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and ColdWorked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stockfor Moderate or High Tempe
17、rature ServiceB670 Specification for Precipitation-Hardening NickelAlloy(UNS N07718) Plate, Sheet, and Strip for High-Temperature ServiceD1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute OceanWaterD1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD3294 Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene
18、(PTFE)Resin Molded Sheet and Molded Basic ShapesD3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging2.2 ASQ Standards:3ASQC Z1.4 American Society of Quality, Quality Confor-mance Inspection2.3 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Y14.1 Drawing Sheet Size and FormatANSI Y14.2 Line Convention and LetteringANSI Y14.3 Multi and Sec
19、tional View DrawingsANSI Y14.5 Dimensioning and Tolerancing for EngineeringDrawingsANSI Y14.6 Screw Thread RepresentationANSI Y14.26.3 Computer-Aided Preparation of ProductionDefinition Data, Terms and Definitions2.4 Military Standards:5MIL-S-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact); ShipboardMachinery,
20、Equipment CF8,8A; CF8C; CF10)Alloyed stainless steel (cast) A744/A744M (CN-7M, CN-7MS)17-4 PH A564/A564M and A693 (UNS S17400)AM 350 A579/A579M (Grade 61)NiCuAB164 (UNS N04400, N04405), B127,A494/A494M (Grades M35-1,M35-2,M-30H, M-25S)NiMo A494/A494M (Grades CW-2M, N-12 MV)NiMoB(Alloy B) B333 and B3
21、35 (UNS N10001, N10665,N10675)NiCrFeCNiCrMoCo B166, B168NiCr B637, B670NiCrMoCbDB443, B446Steel A108Austenetic grey iron A436Titanium B338, B348, B367Nickel cast iron (ductile nodularor graphitic)A436 Type 1AMonel7or equivalent has been found satisfactory for this purpose.BHastelloy B or equivalent
22、has been found satisfactory for this purpose.CInconel X7508or equivalent has been found satisfactory for this purpose.DInconel 6258or equivalent has been found satisfactory for this purpose.6.3 Face MaterialsMechanical seal-wearing faces shallbe selected to provide the desired performance and corros
23、ionresistance for the specified design life of the seal.6.3.1 Performance ranges for face combinations are listed inTable 2.6.3.2 Face materials shall be of solid construction only; nooverlays, deposited coatings, or sprayed on coatings arepermitted.6.3.3 Carbon is preferred for one of the faces unl
24、ess theservice is abrasive, dirty, or chemically active.6.3.4 For special service requirements, hard on hard sealface combinations may be required. Face materialcombinations, such as silicon carbide versus silicon carbide,silicon carbide versus tungsten carbide, and tungsten carbideversus tungsten c
25、arbide, may be used as similar or dissimilarcontacting face materials when recommended by the supplierand approved by the user.6.4 Face Material Specifications:6.4.1 CarbonSuitable for service as recommended by themanufacturer. A carbon seal grade is a material having carbo-naceous filler system com
26、prised of pitch and resins, compactedand baked to a final temperature. These grades are subse-quently impregnated with resin until they become impervious.All available carbons may not be suitable for a particularapplication. Carbons considered for use in a particular appli-cation shall be checked fo
27、r suitability in accordance with therequirements of this specification.6.4.2 Tungsten Carbide6 to 10 % nickel or cobalt-boundsolid tungsten carbide.7The term “Monel” and the Monel logo are trademarks of the Special MetalsCorporation, Huntington, WV, USA.8The term “Inconel” and the Inconel logo are t
28、rademarks of the Special MetalsCorporation, Huntington, WV, USA.FIG. 7 Ordering Data ChecklistF1511 166FIG. 8 Stuffing Box ArrangementF1511 1676.4.3 Ceramic99.5 % minimum alumina ceramic suitablefor the service as recommended by the manufacturer.6.4.4 Silicon Carbide(a) Reaction-BondedSolid fine-gra
29、ined reaction-bonded silicon carbide 8 to 12 % free silicon,essentially free of carbon, impervious structure requiring noimpregnant. (b) Reaction-Bonded With GraphiteA compos-ite material of fine-grain reaction-bonded silicon carbide; 5 to10 % free silicon and 10 to 30 % graphite; impervious structu
30、rerequiring no impregnant. (c) Direct SinteredSolid homoge-neous silicon carbide essentially free of silicon and carbon,impervious structure requiring no impregnant. (d) Direct Sin-tered Silicon CarbideContains 10 % free graphite. (e) Sili-conized Carbon GraphiteApproximately 0.025-in. (0.64-mm) thi
31、ck conversion of silicon carbide on carbon substructureand impregnated with thermosetting resin.6.5 Elastomeric Materials:6.5.1 Special care should be given to the selection andinstallation of elastomeric components, such as bellows andO-rings. One of the most important considerations for elasto-mer
32、s is fluid compatibility. Table 3 references most shipboardapplications. Consult the seal manufacturer for fluids not listed.6.5.2 Material Classification/Specification:6.5.2.1 NitrilePractice D1418, Class Designation NBR.6.5.2.2 ChloroprenePractice D1418, Class DesignationCR.FIG. 9 Stuffing Box Dim
33、ensionsTABLE 1 Metal Component CompatibilityNOTE 1For fluids or materials not covered here, seal selection to be mutually agreed upon by seal manufacturer, pump supplier, and end user.NOTE 2 X = Suitable for use as seal components.FluidMaterialsABrass316 StainlessSteelNi-Cu Alloy 20Highly AlloyedSta
34、inlessSteelNi-Mo Ni-Cr-Mo-Cb Ni-Cr-FeFresh WaterDemineralized water X X X X XBoiler feed X X X X XPotable X X X X X X XSalt WaterSeawater X X X X XDistiller brine X X X XFuel OilNavy distillate X X X X X XJP-5 X X X X X XDiesel X X X X X XKerosene X X X X X XCrude oil X X X X X XLube oil X X X X X X
35、Sewage X X X X XASee Section 6 for material specifications.F1511 1686.5.2.3 FluorocarbonPractice D1418, Class DesignationFKM.6.5.2.4 Ethylene Propylene (EP)Practice D1418, ClassDesignation EPM/EPDM.6.5.2.5 PerfluoroelastomerPractice D1418, Class Desig-nation FFKM.6.5.2.6 Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE
36、)SpecificationD3294.6.5.2.7 Corrugated graphite ribbon packing.6.5.3 Ethylene propylene (EP) rubber shall not be lubricatedwith any petroleum base substances. Check Section 11 andAppendix X1 or manufacturers recommendations before usingany lubricant.7. Performance Requirements7.1 Seal life shall be
37、defined in terms of the time period inwhich the mechanical seal functions properly under its speci-fied service.7.1.1 The minimum operational life of a mechanical sealshall be 16 000 statistical hours provided that the equipment ismaintained and operated in accordance with the requirementsof Section
38、 8.7.1.2 During any portion of the service life, the dynamicleakage shall not exceed five drops per minute for Class 0seals.After initial installation, hydrostatic leakage shall be zerofor a 5-min period, when the equipment is subjected to systempressure.7.1.3 All split mechanical seals, Classes 1 t
39、hrough 4, mayexperience higher leakage rates than Class 0, solid mechanicalseals. A leakage rate of five drops per minute shall beacceptable after completion of the manufacturers recom-mended break-in period.7.1.3.1 Some leakage may occur between the seal facesupon startup. If leakage is less than 3
40、0 drops a minute thisshould improve as the faces “run-in.” If leakage is greater than30 drops a minute, then the seal, equipment, or the operatingconditions, or combination thereof, should be examined todetermine the probable cause for the leakage. If the sealinstallation is determined to be the roo
41、t cause of the leakage,then the seal should be inspected for nicked or cut O-rings,misaligned seal faces halves, chipped or cracked seal faces, orany other issues that may cause the leakage.7.1.4 In special applications of extreme environmentalparameters, such as high temperature with limited coolin
42、g,high pressure/velocity, extreme abrasion, unusual equipmentvibration, shaft end-play, or run-out, the pump and sealmanufacturers shall agree upon the best achievable minimumoperating life requirements and leakage performance.7.1.5 Double or special seal arrangements may be requiredin applications
43、in which zero product leakage to the environ-ment is required such as hazardous fluids, fuel oil, acids,chemicals, and sewage. Consult the seal manufacturer forrecommendations.8. Design Requirements8.1 Installation Arrangements:8.1.1 Type A mechanical seals shall be provided unlessotherwise specifie
44、d.8.1.2 Tandem or double mechanical seals may be installedin special applications in which it is determined that a bufferfluid system is required for lubrication, containment, or safety.8.2 Finish and tolerance requirements for primary seal ringand mating ring surface flatness of Class 0 mechanicals
45、 sealsshall be three light bands or better as measured under amonochromatic, helium light source.8.3 Requirements for Installation of Classes 1 Through 4Split Mechanical Seals:8.3.1 Classes 1 through 4, split mechanical seals, may befurnished for shaft/sleeve diameters of 112 in. (38.1 mm) andabove.
46、8.3.2 For split mechanical seal installations, a minimum of3 in. (76.2 mm) of axial space, measured from the stuffing boxface to the first obstruction, shall be provided for Classes 2 and4 seals. Additional space, at least equal to the gland thickness,may be required for Classes 1 and 3 seals.8.3.3
47、Classes 1 through 4, split mechanical seals, shall bedesigned to operate under a minimum reverse differentialpressure condition of 15-in. Hg (50.8 kPa).8.4 The requirement for a balanced or unbalanced seal willvary dependent upon the combination of various design andperformance factors. Balanced sea
48、ls shall normally be suppliedfor pressures greater than 150 psi (1.03 MPa) unless the sealmanufacturer provides alternative recommendations for spe-cific applications. Selection of a balanced or unbalanced sealdesign must satisfy the performance requirements of Section 7.8.5 The mechanical seal shal
49、l be designed to operate satis-factorily under the following:8.5.1 Shaft or sleeve surface finish for pusher-type sealsshall be 32 rms (0.80 m) maximum. Shaft or sleeve surfacefinish non-pusher seals should be 32 to 64 rms (0.80 to 1.60m).8.5.2 Shaft radial run-out to be 0.002 in. (0.0508 mm) TIRper inch of sleeve or shaft diameter, add 0.001 in. (0.0254 mm)TIR per inch greater than 2.000 in. shaft or sleeve diameter.8.5.3 Shaft end-play maximum 60.015 in. (0.38 mm).TABLE 2 Seal Face MaterialsNOTE 1Faces for chemically active materials and special applic
