1、Designation: F1514 03 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by ColorChange1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theresistance of resilient floor covering to color ch
3、ange fromexposure to elevated temperature over a specified period oftime.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This sta
4、ndard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
5、ASTM Standards:2D794 Practice for Determining Permanent Effect of Heat onPlastics (Withdrawn 1998)3D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practi
6、ce for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymermaterials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufac-turing and decorating processes. The polymer material may becompounded with
7、plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and otheringredients for processibility and product performance charac-teristics. The formulation of the compound can be variedconsiderably depending on the desired performance character-istics and methods of processing. See Practice D794 foradditional significanc
8、e and use information.3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discolorationfrom heat, is a basic requirement for processing and functionaluse.3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring theamount of color change in flooring products when subjected toelevated temperatures over a period
9、of time (functional use ofthe flooring product).3.2 This test method is not intended to be a means ofpredicting the amount of color change that occurs duringprocessing (manufacture).3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to158F 6 2F (70C 6 1C) for 7 days, and the color differencei
10、s measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as E*units.NOTE 1It is the intent that this test method be used for testing heatstability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooringspecifications.4. Apparatus4.1 Circulating Air Oven, which can be maintained at 158F6 2F (70C 6 1C).4
11、.2 Suitable Spectrophotometer or Colorimeter with a mini-mum14 in. (6.35 mm) diameter opening having both a coolwhite fluorescent (CWF) and daylight light (D-65) sources thatmeasure color in CIE L*, a*, b* using CIE 10 StandardObserver and Specular Included. See Test Method D2244.When an individual
12、color cannot be totally covered within the14 in. spectrophotometer opening, then the largest spectropho-tometer opening shall be used.4.3 A suitable holder rack that separates samples a mini-mum12 in. (12.70 mm) in a standing or vertical position.5. Hazards5.1 Cautions:1This test method is under the
13、 jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods - Performance.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1514 03 (2008).DOI: 10.
14、1520/F1514-03R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historica
15、l standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.1 Do not stack specimens while being exposed toelevated temperatures.5.1.2 Be sure each specimen is marked in the corner and onthe back for ea
16、sy identification.5.1.3 Monitor temperature during duration of test in oven toensure maintenance of proper temperature.5.1.4 Be sure color measuring equipment is properlywarmed-up and calibrated prior to use.5.1.5 Be sure specimens are held flat when measuring color.6. Procedure6.1 Cut three specime
17、ns from each sample, approximately 2in. by 2 in. (50 mm by 50 mm). All specimens shall be of thesame color, pattern, and texture.NOTE 2White, monochromatic, flat material is preferred for testing.6.2 Obtain and record initial L*, a*, and b* readings on eachof the three specimens with the color measu
18、ring equipmentbefore placing in the circulating air oven set at 158F 6 2F(70C 6 1C). Mark the exact initial area of the measurementfor future location in the color measurement equipment.6.3 Place test specimens, positioned on edge, in the racks(4.3) into the circulating air oven at 158F 6 2F (70C 61
19、C) for 7 days 6 1 h. The samples are placed in the ovenparallel to the direction of air flow.6.4 Remove specimens from circulating air oven and recon-dition at 73.4F 6 2F (23C 6 1C) for 1 h.6.5 Within 24 h after reconditioning, obtain final L*, a*, b*and calculate E* readings on each specimen at the
20、 markedposition using the color measuring equipment. Use either thecool white fluorescent (CWF) or daylight (D-65) light source.7. Report7.1 Record the light source used for measurement.7.2 Record initial and final L*, a*, b*, and E* values foreach specimen and report the individual and average E*va
21、lues.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Interlaboratory Test Program4An interlaboratorystudy evaluating the color stability of resilient vinyl flooring tothe effects of exposure to heat was run in 1991 through 1993.Six laboratories tested three categories of an experimentalunprinted resilient sheet flooring s
22、tructure having a 0.010 in.(0.254 mm) transparent top layer containing varying levels ofstabilizers. Exposure to 158F 6 2F (70C 6 1C) heat for 7days was used to provide an accelerated heat aging environ-ment. Color measurements were made under daylight (D-65)and cool white fluorescent (CWF) illumina
23、tion. Each categorylevel contained four test specimens randomly drawn from themaster batch of material prepared by a single manufacturingsite. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysis ofthe data; the details of the test program are being compiled intoa research report.8.2 Test ResultsT
24、he terms repeatability limit and repro-ducibility limit are used as specified in Practice E177. Theprecision information has been summarized in Table 1. Thereis a mixture of constancy and proportionality when the 2.8sindices are compared throughout the test range. It should benoted that in this stud
25、y measurement of color change correlatedwith the varying levels of stabilization. As a result, this testmethod shows that color stability performance varies as thelevel of stabilization is varied.8.3 PrecisionSee Table 1.8.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material,method, or laboratory sui
26、table for determining the bias for theprocedure in this test method for measuring the heat induceddiscoloration in vinyl resilient flooring, no statement on bias isbeing made.9. Keywords9.1 accelerated test; heat resistance; heat stability; resilientflooring; spectrophotometer4Supporting data have b
27、een filed atASTM Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR:F06-1003.F1514 03 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised th
28、at determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappr
29、oved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you f
30、eel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual re
31、prints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the
32、ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Statistical Analysis of Interlaboratory Test ProgramMaterial Stabilization Level E* AverageRepeatabilityStandard DeviationARepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandard DeviationAReproducibilityLimitDaylight (D-65)B High 1.093 0.150 0.420 0.282 0.790A Mediu
33、m 1.804 0.153 0.428 0.385 1.078C Low 5.885 0.313 0.876 1.467 4.108Cool White Fluorescent (CWF)B High 1.220 0.208 0.582 0.324 0.970A Medium 2.039 0.168 0.470 0.431 1.207C Low 6.636 0.353 0.988 1.671 4.679AA comparison of standard deviations shows the reproducibility value to be approximately 2 to 5 times greater than the corresponding repeatability value. Repeatabilitywithin a laboratory is better than reproducibility between laboratories.F1514 03 (2013)3
