1、Designation: F 1515 03Standard Test Method forMeasuring Light Stability of Resilient Flooring by ColorChange1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theresistance of resilient floor covering to color change fromexpos
3、ure to light over a specified period of time.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regula
4、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differencesfrom Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates2D 2565 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc-Type Light-Exposure Apparatus With and Without Water for Exposureof Plastics3D 4459 Pr
5、actice for Operating an Accelerated LightfastnessXenon-Arc Type (Water-Cooled) Light-Exposure Appara-tus for the Exposure of Plastics for Indoor Applications4E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods5E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine
6、the Precision of a Test Method5G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials62.2 DIN Standard:DIN 53384 Artificial Weathering and Aging of Plastics byExposure to Laboratory UV Radiation Sources, April19893. Summary of Practice3.1 Specimens are exposed c
7、ontinuously at a controlledtemperature and humidity to a properly filtered xenon-arcradiant-energy source. The filters selected are to simulateindoor exposure conditions behind window glass. See PracticeD 4459.3.2 To ensure uniform exposure, the specimens are mountedon a cylindrical framework that r
8、otates around the xenon lampsuspended in the center.3.3 The effect of radiation (actinic and thermal) on thespecimen shall be the color difference between the specimenbefore and after exposure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymermaterials under heat or pressu
9、re, or both, in various manufac-turing and decorating processes. The polymer material may becompounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and otheringredients for processability and product performance char-acteristics. The formulation of the compound can be variedconsiderably depending on the
10、 desired performance character-istics and methods of processing.4.2 Light stability, which is resistance to discoloration fromlight, is a basic requirement for functional use.4.3 This test method provides a means of measuring theamount of color change in flooring products when subjected toaccelerate
11、d light exposure over a period of time (functional useof the flooring product).4.4 This test method specifies that a sample is measured bya spectrophotometer and expressed in DE* units before andafter accelerated light exposure.NOTE 1It is the intent that this test method be used for testing lightst
12、ability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooringspecifications.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus employed shall utilize either a water-cooled or air-cooled xenon-arc lamp as the source of radiationand should be of Type AH, BH, or E as described in PracticesD 2565 or G 155.1This test
13、 method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods-Performance.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition apprpoved in 1998 as F
14、 1515 98.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
15、ken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1 Type AHAn exposure apparatus in which the sourceof radiant energy shall be a water-cooled xenon-arc verticallylocated at the central axis of either a 20-in. (508-mm) diametervertical specimen rack, or of a 25.5-in. (648-mm) diameterinclined rack. Means shall b
16、e provided to control temperature,relative humidity, and spectral irradiance. The specimen rackshall rotate at approximately 1 rpm.5.1.2 Type BHAn exposure apparatus in which the sourceof radiant energy shall be a water-cooled xenon-arc verticallylocated at the central axis of a 37.75-in. (960-mm) d
17、iameterinclined or vertical specimen rack. Means shall be provided tocontrol temperature, relative humidity and spectral irradiance.The specimen rack shall rotate at approximately 1 rpm.5.1.3 Type EAn exposure apparatus in which the sourceof radiant energy shall be three air-cooled xenon-arc lampsop
18、erating simultaneously at a nominal 4500 watts each. Thelamps shall be located within a central core, which shall bepositioned at the center of a 610-mm (24.1-in.) diameterspecimen rack. Means shall be provided to control temperature,relative humidity, and irradiance intensity. The specimen rackshal
19、l rotate around the light source.NOTE 2Type AH, Type BH, and Type E may not yield equivalentresults.5.2 Xenon Light SourceThe xenon light source consists ofa quartz-jacketed burner tube charged with xenon gas.5.3 Glass FiltersTable 1 shows the relative spectralpower distribution limits of xenon-arcs
20、 filtered for simulating abehind window-glass exposure. For water-cooled xenon, aninner borosilicate-glass cylinder is used in combination with asoda-lime-glass outer cylinder to selectively screen radiationoutput. For air-cooled xenon, the filters shall be an infrared(IR) reflecting inner glass fil
21、ter, quartz middle filter, and asoda-lime-glass outer filter.5.4 Light MonitorThe light monitor shall be capable ofmeasuring spectral irradiance at either 340 nm (water-cooled)or at 300400 nm (air-cooled) incident to the specimen.5.5 Black Panel Temperature (BPT) SensorA black-coated stainless steel
22、 panel, as specified in Practice G 155,should be used as the standard reference to control testtemperature. (Alternative devices such as the Black StandardThermometer (BST) described in DIN 53384 may be used. TheBST equivalent to the BPT = 145F (63C) has been found tobe approximately 153F (67C).5.6
23、A suitable spectrophotometer or colorimeter with aminimum 0.25-in. (6.35-mm) diameter opening having bothcool white fluorescent (CWF) and daylight (D-65) light sourcesthat measure color in CIE L*, a*, b* using CIE 10 StandardObserver and specular included. When an individual colorcannot be totally c
24、overed within the 0.25 in. spectrophotometeropening, then the largest spectrophotometer opening shall beused. See Test Method D 2244.6. Hazards6.1 Check to be sure the apparatus is operating properly atthe start of each test. Check the lamp condition at weeklyintervals to be sure that the burner tub
25、e and optical filters areclean and that they have not exceeded the maximum recom-mended period of use.6.2 Be sure specimens are held flat when measuring color.7. Procedure7.1 The test specimens shall be flat and of uniform thick-ness. Dimensions are not critical. However, the specimensshould be capa
26、ble of fitting the exposure rack and covering theaperture (usually 2.0 in. by 2.0 in. (50.8 mm by 50.8 mm) ofthe color-measuring apparatus used.7.2 For each exposure time cut three specimens or cut onespecimen and mark three test areas from each sample. Allspecimens shall be of similar color, patter
27、n and texture.NOTE 3White, monochromatic, flat material is preferred for testing.7.3 Obtain and record initial L*, a*, and b* readings on eachof the three specimens or areas with the color measuringequipment before placing in the xenon-arc test apparatus. Markthe exact area of the measurement for fu
28、ture location in thecolor measurement equipment.7.4 Program the instrument to operate in the continuouslight-on mode without water spray at an irradiance equivalentto 0.30 W/m2at 340 nm (that is, 37 W/m2at 300 nm to 400nm). Place the black panel sensor and specimens on thespecimen rack preferably to
29、ward the center of the test chamberand fill the remaining vacancies with non-UV reflecting blanks,for example, gray card stock.7.4.1 Control black-panel temperature at 145F 6 4F(63C 6 2C) (water cooled) or BST at 153F 6 4F (67C 62C) (air cooled).7.4.2 Control the relative humidity at 55 6 5%.7.5 Exp
30、ose the specimens to be tested for 100 h, 200 h, 300h and 400 h.7.6 Remove the specimens from the test apparatus andrecondition at 73.4F (23C) for 1 h.7.7 Within 24 h after reconditioning, obtain final L*, a*, b*and calculate DE* readings on each specimen at the markedposition using the color measur
31、ing equipment. Use either thecool white fluorescent (CWF) or daylight (D-65) light source.If during testing localized spotting is noted, additional sampletesting is advised. However, judgment of color change will stillbe based upon DE* value.8. Reporting8.1 Record the light source used for measureme
32、nt.8.2 Record initial and final L*, a*, b* and DE* values foreach specimen and report the individual and average DE*values.TABLE 1 Sunlight Behind Window Glass Simulation RelativeSpectral Irradiance for Xenon-Arc Output as Percentage ofIrradiance at 300 nmBandpass (nm) All Xenon-ArcsA290300 0.130032
33、0 2.7320340 10.0 6 4.5340360 23.0 6 1.5360380 33.0 6 2.5380400 40.3 6 4.8AXenon-Arc data presented is based on filter systems currently available. If filtersystems are developed that produce a closer simulation of daylight behind windowglass, this table will be revised to consider these developments
34、.F15150329. Precision and Bias9.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy evaluating the color stability of resilient vinyl flooring tothe effects of exposure to light was run in 19911993. Sixlaboratories tested three categories of an experimental un-printed resilient sheet flooring stru
35、cture having a 0.010 in.(0.254 mm) transparent top layer containing varying levels ofstabilizers. Exposure to xenon lighting for 100, 200, 300 and400 h was used to provide an accelerated light aging environ-ment. Color measurements were made under daylight (D-65)and cool white fluorescent (CWF) illu
36、mination. Each categorylevel contained four test specimens randomly drawn from themaster batch of material prepared by a single manufacturingsite. Practice E 691 was followed for the design and analysis ofthe data, the details of the test program are contained in anASTM research report.7This data wa
37、s conducted utilizing onlywater-cooled xenon.9.2 Test ResultsThe terms repeatability limit and repro-ducibility limit are used as specified in Practice E 177. Theprecision information has been summarized in Table 2 andTable 3. There is a mixture of constancy and proportionalitywhen the 2.8s indices
38、are compared throughout the test range.It should be noted that in this study measurement of colorchange correlated with the various levels of stabilization. Allcategories exhibit constancy in performance at 100, 200 and300 h exposure. At 400 h exposure, categories B however, category C shows diverge
39、ncebehavior.9.3 PrecisionA comparison of standard deviations showsthe reproducibility value to be approximately 3 to 9 timesgreater than the corresponding repeatability value. Repeatabil-ity within a laboratory is better than reproducibility betweenlaboratories.9.4 BiasSince there is no accepted ref
40、erence material,method, or laboratory suitable for determining the bias for theprocedure in this test method for measuring the light induceddiscoloration in vinyl resilient flooring, no statement on bias isbeing made.10. Keywords10.1 accelerated test; light resistance; light stability; resil-ient fl
41、ooring; spectrophotometer7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR F06-1003.TABLE 2 Daylight (D-65)MaterialStabilizationLevelDE* AverageRepeatabilityStandard DeviationRepeatability LimitReproducibilityStandard DeviationReproducibilityLi
42、mit100 hours xenonB High 2.310 0.221 0.619 0.769 2.153A Medium 3.143 0.125 0.350 0.959 2.685C Low 3.793 0.111 0.311 1.092 3.058200 hours xenonB High 3.468 0.120 0.336 1.002 2.806A Medium 3.932 0.158 0.442 1.087 3.044C Low 4.089 0.178 0.498 1.046 2.929300 hours xenonB High 3.169 0.171 0.479 1.249 3.4
43、97A Medium 3.699 0.163 0.456 1.120 3.136C Low 3.146 0.630 1.764 0.806 2.257400 hours xenonB High 3.154 0.331 0.927 0.867 2.428A Medium 3.500 0.242 0.678 0.916 2.565C Low 4.617 0.886 2.481 3.056 8.557TABLE 3 Cool White Fluorescent (CWF)MaterialStabilizationLevelDE* AverageRepeatabilityStandard Deviat
44、ionRepeatability LimitReproducibilityStandard DeviationReproducibilityLimit100 hours xenonB High 2.514 0.175 0.490 0.883 2.472A Medium 3.514 0.135 0.378 1.093 3.060C Low 4.244 0.127 0.356 1.214 3.399200 hours xenonB High 3.857 0.123 0.344 1.178 3.298A Medium 4.369 0.143 0.400 1.269 3.553C Low 4.535
45、0.278 0.778 1.172 3.281300 hours xenonB High 3.557 0.175 0.490 1.441 4.035A Medium 4.132 0.143 0.400 1.291 3.615C Low 3.395 0.484 1.355 0.837 2.344400 hours xenonB High 3.405 0.253 0.708 1.133 3.172A Medium 3.945 0.294 0.823 0.991 2.775C Low 4.641 0.900 2.520 2.871 8.039F1515033ASTM International ta
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48、ssed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at t
49、he address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1515034
