1、Designation: F1515 03 (Reapproved 2008)F1515 15Standard Test Method forMeasuring Light Stability of Resilient Flooring by ColorChange1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1515; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the resistance of resilient floor covering t
3、o color change from exposureto light over a specified period of time.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
4、applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor ApplicationsD44
5、59 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Indoor ApplicationsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test MethodG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials i
6、n Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic MaterialsG177 Tables for Reference Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Distributions: Hemispherical on 37 Tilted Surface2.2 DIN Standard:DIN 53384 Artificial Weatheri
7、ng and Aging of Plastics by Exposure to Laboratory UV Radiation Sources, April 19893. Summary of Practice3.1 Specimens are exposed continuously at a controlled temperature and humidity to a properly filtered xenon-arcradiant-energy source. The filters selected are to simulate indoor exposure conditi
8、ons behind window glass. See Practice D4459.3.2 To ensure uniform exposure, the specimens are mounted on a cylindrical framework that rotates around the xenon lampsuspended in the center.periodic specimen repositioning is a good practice to reduce the variability in exposure stresses experiencedduri
9、ng the test interval.NOTE 1See Practice G151 for guidance on repositioning of specimens.3.3 The effect of radiation (actinic and thermal) on the specimen shall be the color difference between the specimen before andafter exposure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing
10、polymer materials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufacturing anddecorating processes. The polymer material may be compounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and other ingredients forprocessability and product performance characteristics. The formulation of the compound can be
11、 varied considerably dependingon the desired performance characteristics and methods of processing.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on Resilient Floor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on Test Methods- Performance.Current edition appro
12、ved May 1, 2008Dec. 15, 2015. Published July 2008January 2016. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 asF1515 03.F1515 03 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/F1515-03R08.10.1520/F151515.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Ser
13、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previo
14、us version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Inte
15、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Light stability, which is resistance to discoloration from light, is a basic requirement for functional use.4.3 This test method provides a means of measuring the amount of color change in flooring pro
16、ducts when subjected toaccelerated light exposure over a period of time (functional use of the flooring product).4.4 This test method specifies that a sample is measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed in E* units before and afteraccelerated light exposure.NOTE 2It is the intent that this test
17、method be used for testing light stability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooring specifications.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus employed shall utilize either a water-cooled or air-cooled xenon-arc lamp as the source of radiation andshould be of Type AH, BH, or E as described in
18、 Practices D2565D4459 or G155.5.1.1 Type AHAn exposure apparatus in which the source of radiant energy shall be a water-cooled xenon-arc verticallylocated at the central axis of either a 20-in. (508-mm) diameter vertical specimen rack, or of a 25.5-in. (648-mm) diameter inclinedrack. Means shall be
19、provided to control temperature, relative humidity, and spectral irradiance. The specimen rack shall rotate atapproximately 1 rpm.5.1.2 Type BHAn exposure apparatus in which the source of radiant energy shall be a water-cooled xenon-arc verticallylocated at the central axis of a 37.75-in. (960-mm) d
20、iameter inclined or vertical specimen rack. Means shall be provided to controltemperature, relative humidity and spectral irradiance. The specimen rack shall rotate at approximately 1 rpm.5.1.3 Type EAn exposure apparatus in which the source of radiant energy shall be three air-cooled xenon-arc lamp
21、s operatingsimultaneously at a nominal 4500 watts each. The lamps shall be located within a central core, which shall be positioned at thecenter of a 610-mm (24.1-in.) diameter specimen rack. Means shall be provided to control temperature, relative humidity, andirradiance intensity. The specimen rac
22、k shall rotate around the light source.NOTE 2Type AH, Type BH, and Type E may not yield equivalent results.5.2 Xenon Light SourceThe xenon light source consists of a quartz-jacketed burner tube charged with xenon gas.5.3 Glass FiltersTable 1 shows the relative spectral power distribution limits of x
23、enon-arcs filtered for simulating a behindwindow-glass exposure. For water-cooled xenon, an inner borosilicate-glass cylinder is used in combination with a soda-lime-glassouter cylinder to selectively screen radiation output. For air-cooled xenon, the filters shall be an infrared (IR) reflecting inn
24、er glassfilter, quartz middle filter, and a soda-lime-glass outer filter.TABLE 1 Sunlight Behind Window Glass Simulation RelativeSpectral Irradiance for Xenon-Arc Output as Percentage ofIrradiance at 300 nmBandpass (nm) All Xenon-ArcsA290300 0.1300320 2.7320340 10.0 4.5340360 23.0 1.5360380 33.0 2.5
25、380400 40.3 4.8TABLE 1 Sunlight Behind Window Glass Simulation RelativeSpectral Irradiance for Xenon-Arc Output as Percentage ofIrradiance at 300400 nmABandpass (nm) MinimumPercentAWindow GlassFiltered SolarRadiationPercentBMaximumPercentA 300 0.0 0.29300 # # 320 0.1 # 0.5 2.8320 # # 360 23.8 34.2 3
26、5.5360 # # 400 62.5 65.3 76.1A Table 1 is copied from Practice G155.B Xenon-Arc data presented is based on filter systems currently available. If filtersystems are developed The window glass filtered solar data is for a solarspectrum with atmospheric conditions and altitude chosen to maximize the fr
27、actionof short wavelength solar UV (defined in Practice G177that produce a closersimulation of daylight behind window glass, this table will be revised to considerthese developments.) that has been filtered by window glass. The glass transmis-sion is the average for a series of single strength windo
28、w glasses tested as part ofa research study for ASTM Subcommittee G3.02.9. While this data is provided forcomparison purposes only, it is desirable for a xenon-arc with window glass filtersto provide a spectrum that is a close match to this window glass filtered solarspectrum.F1515 1525.4 Light Moni
29、torThe light monitor shall be capable of measuring spectral irradiance at either 340 nm (water-cooled) or at300400 nm (air-cooled) 300 to 400 nm incident to the specimen.5.5 Black Panel Temperature (BPT) SensorAblack-coated stainless steel panel, as specified in Practice G155, should be usedas the s
30、tandard reference to control test temperature. (Alternative devices such as the Black Standard Thermometer (BST)described in DIN 53384Practice G151 may be used. The BST equivalent to the BPT = 145F (63C) has been found to beapproximately 153F (67C).5.6 A suitable spectrophotometer or colorimeter wit
31、h a minimum 0.25-in. (6.35-mm) diameter opening having both cool whitefluorescent (CWF) and daylight (D-65) light sources that measure color in CIE L*, a*, b* using CIE 10 Standard Observer andspecular included. When an individual color cannot be totally covered within the 0.25 in. spectrophotometer
32、 opening, then thelargest spectrophotometer opening shall be used. See Test Method D2244.6. Hazards6.1 Check to be sure the apparatus is operating properly at the start of each test. Check the lamp condition at weekly intervalsto be sure that the burner tube and optical filters are clean and that th
33、ey have not exceeded the maximum recommended periodof use.6.2 Be sure specimens are held flat when measuring color.7. Procedure7.1 The test specimens shall be flat and of uniform thickness. Dimensions are not critical. However, the specimens should becapable of fitting the exposure rack and covering
34、 the aperture (usually 2.0 in. by 2.0 in. (50.8 mm by 50.8 mm) of thecolor-measuring apparatus used.7.2 For each exposure time cut three specimens or cut one specimen and mark three test areas from each sample.All specimensshall be of similar color, pattern and texture.NOTE 3White, monochromatic, fl
35、at material is preferred for testing.7.3 Obtain and record initial L*, a*, and b* readings on each of the three specimens or areas with the color measuring equipmentbefore placing in the xenon-arc test apparatus. Mark the exact area of the measurement for future location in the color measurementequi
36、pment.7.4 Program the instrument to operate in the continuous light-on mode without water spray at an irradiance equivalent to 0.30W/m2 at 340 nm (that is, 37 W/m2 at 300 nm to 400 nm). Place the black panel sensor and specimens on the specimen rackpreferably toward the center of the test chamber in
37、 accordance with manufacturers recommendations and fill the remainingvacancies with non-UV reflecting blanks, for example, gray card stock.7.4.1 Control black-panel temperature at 145F 6 4F (63C 6 2C) (water cooled) or BST at 153F 6 4F (67C 6 2C) (aircooled).2C).7.4.2 Control the relative humidity a
38、t 5550 6 5 %.10 %.7.5 Expose the specimens to be tested for 100 h, 200 h, 300 ha total of 400 h, with specimens removed for colormeasurements at 100 h, 200 h, 300 h, and 400 h.7.6 Remove the specimens from the test apparatus and recondition at 73.4F (23C) for a minimum of 1 h.7.7 Within 24 h after r
39、econditioning, obtain final L*, a*, b* and calculate E* readings on each specimen at the marked positionusing the color measuring equipment. Use either the cool white fluorescent (CWF) or daylight (D-65) light source. If during testinglocalized spotting is noted, additional sample testing is advised
40、. However, judgment of color change will still be based upon E*value.8. Reporting8.1 Record the light source used for measurement.8.2 Record initial and final L*, a*, b* and E* values for each specimen and report the individual and average E* values.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Interlaboratory Test Prog
41、ramAn interlaboratory study evaluating the color stability of resilient vinyl flooring to the effectsof exposure to light was run in 19911993. Six laboratories tested three categories of an experimental unprinted resilient sheetflooring structure having a 0.010 in. (0.254 mm) transparent top layer c
42、ontaining varying levels of stabilizers. Exposure to xenonlighting for 100, 200, 300 and 400 h was used to provide an accelerated light aging environment. Color measurements were madeunder daylight (D-65) and cool white fluorescent (CWF) illumination. Each category level contained four test specimen
43、s randomlyF1515 153drawn from the master batch of material prepared by a single manufacturing site. Practice E691 was followed for the design andanalysis of the data, the details of the test program are contained in an ASTM research report.3 This data was conducted utilizingonly water-cooled xenon.9
44、.2 Test ResultsThe terms repeatability limit and reproducibility limit are used as specified in Practice E177. The precisioninformation has been summarized in Table 2 and Table 3.There is a mixture of constancy and proportionality when the 2.8s indicesare compared throughout the test range. It shoul
45、d be noted that in this study measurement of color change correlated with thevarious levels of stabilization.All categories exhibit constancy in performance at 100, 200 and 300 h exposure.At 400 h exposure,categories B however, category C shows divergence behavior.9.3 PrecisionA comparison of standa
46、rd deviations shows the reproducibility value to be approximately 3 to 9 times greaterthan the corresponding repeatability value. Repeatability within a laboratory is better than reproducibility between laboratories.9.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material, method, or laboratory suitabl
47、e for determining the bias for theprocedure in this test method for measuring the light induced discoloration in vinyl resilient flooring, no statement on bias is beingmade.10. Keywords10.1 accelerated test; light resistance; light stability; resilient flooring; spectrophotometer3 Supporting data ha
48、ve been filed at ASTM Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR F06-1003.TABLE 2 Daylight (D-65)Material StabilizationLevel E* Average RepeatabilityStandard Deviation Repeatability Limit ReproducibilityStandard Deviation ReproducibilityLimit100 hours xenonB High 2.310 0.221 0
49、.619 0.769 2.153A Medium 3.143 0.125 0.350 0.959 2.685C Low 3.793 0.111 0.311 1.092 3.058200 hours xenonB High 3.468 0.120 0.336 1.002 2.806A Medium 3.932 0.158 0.442 1.087 3.044C Low 4.089 0.178 0.498 1.046 2.929300 hours xenonB High 3.169 0.171 0.479 1.249 3.497A Medium 3.699 0.163 0.456 1.120 3.136C Low 3.146 0.630 1.764 0.806 2.257400 hours xenonB High 3.154 0.331 0.927 0.867 2.428A Medium 3.500 0.242 0.678 0.916 2.565C Low 4.617 0.886 2.481 3.056 8.557TABLE 2 Daylight (D-65)Material StabilizationLevel E* Av
