1、Designation: F 1520 94 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Drive Torque for Film and Fabric RibbonCartridges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1520; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determiningthe drive torque of typewriter and printer c
3、artridges using ahandheld torque gage. This test method is applicable tocartridges that contain film or fabric inked ribbons.1.2 A related standard, Test Method F 1050, covers theprocedure for determining tension and torque using a testfixture platform with a torque measurement motor.2. Referenced D
4、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF 221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and InkedRibbon Products and Images Made TherefromF 1050 T
5、est Method for Determining Winding Torque andTension of Typewriter Ribbons3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 initial, breaking torquethe moment of a force nec-essary to begin rotation of the drive elements in a ribboncartridge.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Fully assembled cartridges containing eithe
6、r film orfabric inked ribbons are held in the same orientation as in theprinter. (Refer to Terminology F 221). The appropriate mea-suring gage is engaged in the hub of the drive wheel of thecartridge and turned at a constant speed one complete revolu-tion (one revolution requiring approximately 2 s
7、being equiva-lent to 30 to 40 r/min). The process is repeated five times.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate the drive torquefor cartridges from one or more lots intended for a commontypewriter or printer. This test method may be used to indicatepossible cartridge fun
8、ction problems in the end use equipmentor as a means of manufacturing control or research.6. Interferences6.1 Before testing, cartridges should be thoroughly exam-ined. Poor design or incorrect assembly can cause dragging ofthe ribbon during transport and affect the drive mechanism.6.2 Drive torque
9、measurements may vary widely as ribbonis exhausted or re-stuffed, depending on the type of cartridge.6.3 Wide variations in environmental conditions (tempera-ture and relative humidity) can affect cartridge torque. Com-parisons should be made only between tests run under the samegeneral environmenta
10、l conditions.6.4 Measurements can be distorted if the torque gage isturned with a sharp twist of the wrist. A slow, constant speed isrequired for accurate results.7. Apparatus7.1 Torque Gage3Scaled in cNcm, gfcm or ozf. in. witha maximum reading needle. Gages scaled in the 0 to 600cNgcm range are su
11、itable for most cartridge designs. Gagesshould be able to work vertically, as shown in Fig. 1.7.2 BitsMount bits in the torque gage and interface withdrive wheel hub.8. Test Specimens8.1 The test specimen shall be a complete ribbon cartridgethat has not been disrupted since it was assembled.8.2 The
12、test specimen shall be identified as to source, typeof ribbon, and date of manufacture.9. Procedure9.1 Position the maximum reading needle on the gage atzero so as to be readable in the drive direction.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee of F05 onBusiness Imaging Products a
13、nd is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.02on Inked Transfer Imaging Products.Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Published August 1994.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStan
14、dards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Several torque gages have been found to give satisfactory results. Both theTOHNICHI Manufacturing Co. and Waters Manufacturing Co., Wayland MA makeapplicable models.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
15、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9.2 Hold the cartridge flat and parallel to the floor, or as itwould sit in the printer. If needed, the cartridge can be held bya holding device that simulates the position in the printer. Theholding device must not compress the
16、cartridge and cause testresults to be altered.9.3 Position the gage with the bit in the hub of the drivewheel on bottom of cartridge. Do not exert upward force whileturning the gage, as it will affect the reading.9.4 Turn the gage in the direction of the printer drive. Itshould be turned at a consta
17、nt speed one complete revolution(one revolution requiring approximately 2 s being equivalent to30 to 40 r/min).9.5 Remove the torque gage and read the maximum needle.9.6 Repeat 8.1 to 8.5 five times.9.7 In characterizing torque levels of cartridges, it may beprudent to repeat the above procedure at
18、the beginning, middle,and end of the ribbons recommended character life.10. Report10.1 Report the test specimen identification as outlined in8.2.10.2 Record the five readings and the average.10.3 Record sets of readings at the beg inning, middle, andend of life if following 9.7.11. Precision and Bia
19、s11.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory study using this testmethod was conducted in 1991 and 1992 by three laboratoriesusing two materials (fabric ribbon cartridges and film ribboncartridges). Practice E 691 was followed for the design andanalysis of data, with the exception that fewer materials andlabor
20、atories were involved. Each laboratory measured the drivetorque of ten test specimens for the fabric cartridge and eighttest specimens for the film cartridge. Each of the test resultscompared was the average of five test determinations. Detailsof testing and analysis can be found in a research repor
21、t.4Theprecision information given in Table 1 is in the units ofmeasurement Ncm. Precision terms are used as directed inPractice E 177.11.1.1 Repeatability Given an average of five measure-ments from the same operator, with one gage and under thesame conditions, results can be expected to differ by l
22、ess thanthe amount shown, as follows:Measurement Range 95 % Limit80 to 150 cNcm 620160 to 235 cNcm 63711.1.2 Reproducibility Given an average of five measure-ments under the same conditions in different laboratories,results can be expected to differ by less than the amount shown,as follows:Measureme
23、nt Range 95 % Limit80 to 150 cNcm 655160 to 235 cNcm 645NOTE 1The between-laboratory variability was greater on the filmribbon cartridge with the lower measurement range, in contrast to thewithin-laboratory variability. Repeated shipments affect the dynamicparameters of film cartridges more than fab
24、ric. Differences in windingtension through life in the same film sample have also been found to causevariations.11.2 BiasBias cannot be determined since there are noaccepted reference materials.12. Keywords12.1 copy materials; film ribbons; inked ribbons; torque4Supporting data have been filed at AS
25、TM Headquarters. Request RR:F05 1007.FIG. 1 Gage/Cartridge PositionTABLE 1 Ribbon Drive TorquePrecision StatisticsMaterial x8 srsRr RA (film) 98.8 7.122 19.700 19.94 55.16B (fabric) 191.4 13.152 15.964 36.83 44.70F 1520 94 (2003)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pa
26、tent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisio
27、n at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com
28、ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyright
29、ed by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1520 94 (2003)3
