1、Designation: F1556 94 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forSpinal Immobilization and Extrication (SPINE) DeviceCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1556; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe objective of this guide is to begin to address the recognized need to support and immobilize thecompo
3、nents of the spine or spinal cord. Although this guide does not quantitatively addressperformance standards for this device, it does address the characteristics of the device(s) used toprovide support and immobilization of the components of the central nervous system for the patientsuspected of rece
4、iving trauma to that body system.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices,designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication de-vice(s) (SPINED), commonly referred to as short spine board.The SPINED is designed to be used as the platform forimmobilization and extrication of
5、a patient with potential spineor spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limita-tion of motion achieved by placement of a SPINED on apatient. Definitive requirements for immobilization of thespine, and, in particular, the degree
6、of limitation associatedwith the use of a SPINED, have not been established in themedical literature.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and hea
7、lth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices2.2 Centers for Disease Control Standard:Guidelines for Prevention of Transmission of HIV and HBVto Healthcare and
8、 Public Safety Workers32.3 OSHA Standard:29 CFR 1910.1030 Occupational Exposure to BloodbornePathogens; Final Rule43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 retention systema retention system is an adjunct toor an integral part of the primary platform that allows thepatient to be securely attached to that
9、 platform used inwhatever configuration and size necessary to accomplish thegoal, while still allowing reasonable and necessary access tothe patient.3.1.2 spinal immobilizationspinal immobilization shall re-fer to immobilization of the spine and its contiguous structures,the pelvis, and skull.3.1.3
10、spinethe spine shall include the cervical, thoracic,lumbar, and sacral vertebrae.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 directions of movementdirections include flexion,extension, rotation, distraction, lateral motion, and axial com-pression motion.3.2.2 immobilizationlimitation of
11、 motion.3.2.3 spinal immobilization and extrication devicea plat-form to which the patient can be secured, which will supportthe patients spine during immobilization and transportation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsi
12、bility of Subcommittee F30.01 on EMSEquipment.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1556 94(2007). DOI:10.1520/F1556-94R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
13、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Centers for Disease Control short spine board; spinal immobili-zationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity
14、 of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject
15、to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters
16、. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is
17、 copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 94 (2015)2
