1、Designation: F 1561 03Standard Performance Requirements forPlastic Chairs for Outdoor Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These requirements establish nationally recognized per-formance requirements for Class A (residential) and Class B(nonresidential) plastic
3、 chairs intended for outdoor use.1.2 These requirements do not address conditions that affectthe performance of the chair beyond the manufacturing site.1.3 These requirements are not applicable to chaises, mul-tipositional chairs, upholstered chairs, or other types of furni-ture.1.4 These requiremen
4、ts cover the physical performance ofproduct regarding the aspects of outdoor weathering, impact,static load, and rear leg testing.1.5 Products may be manufactured from recycled plastics aslong as the performance requirements are met.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the
5、standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the app
6、lica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 2565 Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD 4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD 5033 Guide f
7、or the Development of ASTM StandardsRelating to Recycling and Use of Recycled PlasticsG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials33. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 plastic chair, nfor the purposes of these require-
8、ments, a molded, upright piece of furniture with or withoutarms, having a back in a fixed position with no moving parts,intended for seating one person, and having a seat height notless than 15 in. (381 mm) and not greater than 19 in. (483 mm);for a chair with arms, having a seat width not less than
9、 16 in.(406 mm) and not greater than 30 in. (762 mm); and for a chairwithout arms, having a seat width not less than 14 in. (356 mm)and not greater than 30 in. (as shown in Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 DiscussionClass A (residential) plastic chairs areintended for use by the customer in and around the home.3.1.1
10、.2 DiscussionClass B (nonresidential) plastic chairsare intended for use by the customer in all other areas,including those defined as Class A.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests and criteria as outlined determine the overallusability and stability of chairs in an environment simulatingthe conditions o
11、f use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.1 Smooth surfaces such as linoleum, wet pool decks,etc. The glass testing base (Fig. 2) is used to simulate thissurface.4.2.2 Rough surfaces such as wooden decks, outdoorgrassed areas, etc. The plywood testing base (Fig. 3) is used tosimulate this s
12、urface.5. Apparatus5.1 Plastic Chairs, which have been inspected and met amanufacturers internal quality standards.5.2 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag,166 0.2 in.(406 6 4 mm) in diameter, which shall be measured prior totesting to determine stretching, having a total measurement notto exceed
13、17.5 in. (445 mm) and filled with steel or lead shot(0.09 to 0.12 in. (2.3 to 3.0 mm) in diameter) to a total weightof 1506 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg). The bag shall be fitted with a1These performance requirements are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and are the direct re
14、sponsibility of SubcommitteeF15.33 on Outdoor Plastic Lawn Furniture.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published March 2003. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as F 1561 96.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
15、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.safety cable to prevent
16、 it from hitting the glass testing base butshould not interfere with the test.5.3 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag in 5.2; however, the weight is increased by addition tothe bag of 150 6 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg) of either (1) additionalsteel or lead shot, or (2) barbell weight
17、s distributed evenly ontop of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 300 6 3lb(136 6 1.4 kg).5.4 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag in 5.2; however, the weight is increased by addition tothe bag of 250 6 2.5 lb (114 6 1.1 kg) of either (1) additionalsteel or lead shot
18、 or (2) barbell weights distributed evenly ontop of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 400 6 4lb(182 6 1.8 kg).5.5 Tempered Sheet Glass (as Base), one piece 36 6 0.4-in.(914 6 10-mm) square and clean, 0.38 6 0.04-in. (10 60.1-mm) thickness.5.6 AC Exterior Glue Fir Plywood (as Base), one p
19、iece 366 0.4-in. (914 6 10-mm) square sheet, 1.0 6 0.1-in. (25 60.3-mm) thickness.5.7 Poly(Methyl Methacrylate), one piece 36 6 0.4-in. (9146 10-mm) square sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 6 0.1-mm)thickness.5.8 Polypropylene Microfoam, one piece 36 6 0.4-in. (9146 10-mm) square sheet, 0.76 0.01-lb/ft3dens
20、ity and 0.13 60.01-in. (3 6 0.03-mm) thickness.5.9 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in length, and 3 6 0.03 in. (76 6 0.8mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.5.10 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in le
21、ngth, and 3.75 6 0.04 in. (95 60.95 mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.5.11 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in length, and 4.5 6 0.05 in. (114 61.1 mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.6. Conditioning6.1 Precondition all c
22、hairs for a minimum of 48 h at 65 to75F (18 to 24C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % and testsubsequently under the same conditions.7. General Requirements7.1 All plastic chairs meeting the performance requirementsshall be made from polymeric materials that meet the require-ments for outdoor weat
23、hering in Section 8 for Class A(residential) or Section 9 for Class B (nonresidential).8. Test ProcedureClass A (Residential)8.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not
24、 betested.8.2 Test each chair in the sequence listed in 8.4, 8.5, and 8.6and is to comply with 11.1 and 11.2.8.3 Weatherability Test8.3.1 Polymeric material used outdoors shall be exposed forweatherability using accelerated weathering chambers andshall retain at least 70 % of its original testing st
25、rength.NOTE 1a = seat height, chair with or without arms; b = seat width,chair with arms; c = seat width, chair without arms; and, d = leg stance,measured from back of front leg to back of rear leg.FIG. 1 Measurements of a ChairNOTE 1A = poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet (see standard specifica-tions)
26、; B = AC exterior glue fir plywood (see standard specifications);C = polypropylene microfoam sheet (see standard specifications);D = glass/tempered (see standard specifications).FIG. 2 Glass Testing BaseNOTE 1A = poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet (see standard specifica-tions); B = AC exterior glue fi
27、r plywood (see standard specifications).FIG. 3 Plywood Testing BaseF15610328.3.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal 0.125 60.01-in. (3.2 6 0.03-mm) thick Type 1 tensile test barsinjection molded from the same material used in finished chairsor tensile bars cut from finished parts. as described i
28、n TestMethod D 638.8.3.3 Tensile TestTest exposed and non-exposed (controlsamples) tensile bars, in accordance with Test Method D 638,at a testing rate of 2 in./min (51mm/min).8.3.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to one ofthe following procedures: (1) 1000 h in accordance withProcedure B
29、of Practice D 2565, using Type B or BH xenon-arc apparatus, (2) 720 h in accordance with Practice G23usinga Type E carbon-arc weathering device, (3) 1000 h in accor-dance with Cycle A of Practice D 4329, using UVB-313 bulbs,or (4) 2000 h in accordance with Cycle A of Practice D 4329,using UVA-340 bu
30、lbs. For Practice D 2565 or Practice G23,the test cycle shall consist of 102 min of light followed by 18min of light and spray. For Practice D 4329, the test cycle shallconsist of8hoflight followed by4hordark withcondensation. If Practice G23is used, the Blackbody tempera-ture shall be 145 6 5F (63
31、6 3C).8.4 Static Load Test:8.4.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.4.2 Apply the 300 6 3-lb (136 6 1.4-kg) bag at a speednot to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s to the geometrical center of theseat.8.4.3 Withdraw the weight from the seat afte
32、r 10 6 1s.8.4.4 Allow 10 6 1 s of recovery time.8.4.5 Repeat 8.4.2-8.4.4 eight additional times.8.4.6 Repeat 8.4.2 one time, allowing the weight to remainon the seat for 30 min 6 10 s, and then withdraw the weightfrom the seat.8.4.7 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structura
33、l damage.8.4.8 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3)and as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.4.9 Repeat 8.4.2-8.4.7.8.5 Impact Test:8.5.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.5.2 Position the 150 6 1.5-lb
34、 (68 6 0.7-kg) bag at aheight of 6 6 0.1 in. (152 6 2.5 mm) above the center of thechair seat, at rest.8.5.3 Allow the bag to free-fall onto the center of the chairseat.8.5.4 Repeat 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 nine additional times.8.5.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damag
35、e.8.5.6 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3)as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.5.7 Repeat 8.5.2-8.5.5.8.6 Rear Leg Test:8.6.1 Place the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.6.2 Position the chair with the rear legs
36、 unrestrained andthe front legs resting on a rear leg testing block of a widthsuitable to accommodate the chair legs. Height of the woodenblock is determined by the distance of leg stance (see Fig. 1):Leg Stance Block HeightUnder 15 in. (381 mm) 3 6 0.03 in. (76 6 0.8 mm)15 to 17 in. (381 to 432 mm)
37、 3.75 6 0.04 in. (95 6 0.95 mm)Over 17 in. (432 mm) 4.5 6 0.05 in. (114 6 1.1 mm)8.6.3 Lower the 300 6 3-lb (136 6 1.4-kg) bag slowly ontothe front of the seat of the chair, and slide the bag to the rearof the seat, to a position touching the back of the chair. It maybe necessary to temporarily stab
38、ilize the chair, but this ispermitted only during placement of the bag.8.6.4 Remove the load after 60 6 1.0 s.8.6.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.6.6 Place the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3).8.6.7 Repeat 8.6.2-8.6.5.9. Test ProcedureClass B
39、 (Nonresidential)9.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.9.2 Each chair is to be tested in the sequence listed in9.4-9.6 and is to comply with 11.1 and 11.
40、3.9.3 Weatherability TestRepeat the steps given in 8.3.1 and8.3.2.9.4 Static Load TestRepeat 8.4.1-8.4.9 using a 400 6 4-lb(182 6 1.8-kg) bag.9.5 Impact TestRepeat 8.5.1-8.5.7 using a drop height of8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.6 Rear Leg TestRepeat 8.6.1-8.6.6 using a 4006 4-lb(182 6 1.8-kg) bag.10.
41、 Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manufacturers name and manufacturing lot number.10.1.2 Number of chairs tested.10.1.3 Initial observations (8.1 or 9.1).10.1.4 Dimensions (see Fig. 1).10.1.5 Observations and noted structural damage, if any.10.2 For Class A (residential), also incl
42、ude the resultsobtained following the weatherability test (see 8.3), the staticload test (8.4), impact test (8.5), and rear leg test (8.6)inthetest report.10.3 For Class B (nonresidential), also include the resultsobtained following the weatherability test (see 9.3), the staticload test (9.4), impac
43、t test (9.5), and rear leg test (9.6)inthetest report.11. Performance Criteria11.1 If the chair collapses at any point during the testingprocedure, it shall be reported as a failure whether it recoversor not, and no further testing is required.11.2 Class A (Residential)There shall be no collapse ora
44、ny visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 8.4-8.6.11.3 Class B (Nonresidential)There shall be no collapseor any visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,F1561033fractures, or cracks after all of
45、 the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 9.4-9.6.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Insufficient data are currently available to determinethe interlaboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility of thesetest procedures. Following publication of these requirements, itis expected that sufficient laborato
46、ries will become involvedand a round robin will be initiated.13. Keywords13.1 casual furniture; outdoor furniture; patio furniture;performance requirements; plastic chair; resin furnitureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
47、 item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical
48、committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
49、 a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail);
