1、Designation: F1561 03 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Performance Requirements forPlastic Chairs for Outdoor Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These requirements establish nationally recognized per-formance requirements for Class A (residential) and Class B(nonresid
3、ential) plastic chairs intended for outdoor use.1.2 These requirements do not address conditions that affectthe performance of the chair beyond the manufacturing site.1.3 These requirements are not applicable to chaises, mul-tipositional chairs, upholstered chairs, or other types of furni-ture.1.4 T
4、hese requirements cover the physical performance ofproduct regarding the aspects of outdoor weathering, impact,static load, and rear leg testing.1.5 Products may be manufactured from recycled plastics aslong as the performance requirements are met.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
5、regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
6、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tende
7、d for Outdoor ApplicationsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-paratus Exposure of PlasticsD5033 Guide for Development ofASTM Standards Relatingto Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics (Withdrawn2007)3G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and W
8、ithout Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 plastic chair, nfor the purposes of theserequirements, a molded, upright piece of furniture with orwithout arms, having a back in a fixed position with no movingparts, intended for seating one pers
9、on, and having a seat heightnot less than 15 in. (381 mm) and not greater than 19 in. (483mm); for a chair with arms, having a seat width not less than16 in. (406 mm) and not greater than 30 in. (762 mm); and fora chair without arms, having a seat width not less than 14 in.(356 mm) and not greater t
10、han 30 in. (as shown in Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 DiscussionClass A (residential) plastic chairs areintended for use by the customer in and around the home.3.1.1.2 DiscussionClass B (nonresidential) plastic chairsare intended for use by the customer in all other areas,including those defined as Class A.4. Sig
11、nificance and Use4.1 Tests and criteria as outlined determine the overallusability and stability of chairs in an environment simulatingthe conditions of use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.1 Smooth surfaces such as linoleum, wet pool decks,etc. The glass testing base (Fig. 2) is used to
12、 simulate thissurface.4.2.2 Rough surfaces such as wooden decks, outdoorgrassed areas, etc. The plywood testing base (Fig. 3) is used tosimulate this surface.5. Apparatus5.1 Plastic Chairs, which have been inspected and met amanufacturers internal quality standards.5.2 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Lea
13、ther Bag, 16 6 0.2 in.(406 6 4 mm) in diameter, which shall be measured prior to1These performance requirements are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.33 on Outdoor Plastic Lawn Furniture.Current edition approved Se
14、pt. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1561 03 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/F1561-03R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda
15、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1testing to det
16、ermine stretching, having a total measurement notto exceed 17.5 in. (445 mm) and filled with steel or lead shot(0.09 to 0.12 in. (2.3 to 3.0 mm) in diameter) to a total weightof 1506 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg). The bag shall be fitted with asafety cable to prevent it from hitting the glass testing base bu
17、tshould not interfere with the test.5.3 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag in 5.2; however, the weight is increased by addition tothe bag of 150 6 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg) of either (1) additionalsteel or lead shot, or (2) barbell weights distributed evenly ontop of the steel or
18、 lead shot, for a total weight of 300 6 3lb(136 6 1.4 kg).5.4 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag in 5.2; however, the weight is increased by addition tothe bag of 250 6 2.5 lb (114 6 1.1 kg) of either (1) additionalsteel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributed evenly
19、 ontop of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 400 6 4lb(182 6 1.8 kg).5.5 Tempered Sheet Glass (as Base), one piece 36 6 0.4-in.(914 6 10-mm) square and clean, 0.38 6 0.04-in. (10 60.1-mm) thickness.5.6 AC Exterior Glue Fir Plywood (as Base), one piece 366 0.4-in. (914 6 10-mm) square shee
20、t, 1.0 6 0.1-in. (25 60.3-mm) thickness.5.7 Poly(Methyl Methacrylate), one piece 36 6 0.4-in. (9146 10-mm) square sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 6 0.1-mm)thickness.5.8 Polypropylene Microfoam, one piece 36 6 0.4-in. (9146 10-mm) square sheet, 0.76 0.01-lb/ft3density and 0.13 60.01-in. (3 6 0.03-mm) thick
21、ness.5.9 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in length, and 3 6 0.03 in. (76 6 0.8mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.5.10 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in length, and 3.75 6 0.04 in. (95 60.95 mm) in
22、 height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.5.11 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in length, and 4.5 6 0.05 in. (114 61.1 mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.6. Conditioning6.1 Precondition all chairs for a minimum of 48 h at 65 to75F (1
23、8 to 24C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % and testsubsequently under the same conditions.7. General Requirements7.1 All plastic chairs meeting the performance requirementsshall be made from polymeric materials that meet the require-ments for outdoor weathering in Section 8 for Class A(residentia
24、l) or Section 9 for Class B (nonresidential).8. Test ProcedureClass A (Residential)8.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.8.2 Test each chair in the seque
25、nce listed in 8.4, 8.5, and 8.6and is to comply with 11.1 and 11.2.NOTE 1a = seat height, chair with or without arms; b = seat width,chair with arms; c = seat width, chair without arms; and, d = leg stance,measured from back of front leg to back of rear leg.FIG. 1 Measurements of a ChairNOTE 1A = po
26、ly(methyl methacrylate) sheet (see standard specifica-tions); B = AC exterior glue fir plywood (see standard specifications);C = polypropylene microfoam sheet (see standard specifications);D = glass tempered (see standard specifications).FIG. 2 Glass Testing BaseNOTE 1A = poly(methyl methacrylate) s
27、heet (see standard specifica-tions); B = AC exterior glue fir plywood (see standard specifications).FIG. 3 Plywood Testing BaseF1561 03 (2014)28.3 Weatherability Test8.3.1 Polymeric material used outdoors shall be exposed forweatherability using accelerated weathering chambers andshall retain at lea
28、st 70 % of its original testing strength.8.3.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal 0.125 60.01-in. (3.2 6 0.03-mm) thick Type 1 tensile test barsinjection molded from the same material used in finished chairsor tensile bars cut from finished parts. as described in TestMethod D638.8.3.3 Tensile Te
29、stTest exposed and non-exposed (controlsamples) tensile bars, in accordance with Test Method D638,ata testing rate of 2 in./min (51mm/min).8.3.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to one ofthe following procedures: (1) 1000 h in accordance withProcedure B of Practice D2565, using Type B or BH
30、 xenon-arcapparatus, (2) 720 h in accordance with Practice G23 using aType E carbon-arc weathering device, (3) 1000 h in accordancewith Cycle A of Practice D4329, using UVB-313 bulbs, or (4)2000 h in accordance with Cycle A of Practice D4329, usingUVA-340 bulbs. For Practice D2565 or Practice G23, t
31、he testcycle shall consist of 102 min of light followed by 18 min oflight and spray. For Practice D4329, the test cycle shall consistof8hoflight followed by4hordark with condensation. IfPractice G23 is used, the Blackbody temperature shall be 1456 5F (63 6 3C).8.4 Static Load Test:8.4.1 Position the
32、 chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.4.2 Apply the 300 6 3-lb (136 6 1.4-kg) bag at a speednot to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s to the geometrical center of theseat.8.4.3 Withdraw the weight from the seat after 10 6 1s.8.4.4 Allow 10 6 1 s of recovery ti
33、me.8.4.5 Repeat 8.4.2 8.4.4 eight additional times.8.4.6 Repeat 8.4.2 one time, allowing the weight to remainon the seat for 30 min 6 10 s, and then withdraw the weightfrom the seat.8.4.7 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.4.8 Position the chair on the plyw
34、ood testing base (Fig. 3)and as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.4.9 Repeat 8.4.2 8.4.7.8.5 Impact Test:8.5.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.5.2 Position the 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag at aheight of 6 6 0.1 in.
35、(152 6 2.5 mm) above the center of thechair seat, at rest.8.5.3 Allow the bag to free-fall onto the center of the chairseat.8.5.4 Repeat 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 nine additional times.8.5.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.5.6 Position the chair on the plywood tes
36、ting base (Fig. 3)as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.5.7 Repeat 8.5.2 8.5.5.8.6 Rear Leg Test:8.6.1 Place the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.6.2 Position the chair with the rear legs unrestrained andthe front legs resting on a
37、rear leg testing block of a widthsuitable to accommodate the chair legs. Height of the woodenblock is determined by the distance of leg stance (see Fig. 1):Leg Stance Block HeightUnder 15 in. (381 mm) 3 0.03 in. (76 0.8 mm)15 to 17 in. (381 to 432 mm) 3.75 0.04 in. (95 0.95 mm)Over 17 in. (432 mm) 4
38、.5 0.05 in. (114 1.1 mm)8.6.3 Lower the 300 6 3-lb (136 6 1.4-kg) bag slowly ontothe front of the seat of the chair, and slide the bag to the rearof the seat, to a position touching the back of the chair. It maybe necessary to temporarily stabilize the chair, but this ispermitted only during placeme
39、nt of the bag.8.6.4 Remove the load after 60 6 1.0 s.8.6.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.6.6 Place the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3).8.6.7 Repeat 8.6.2 8.6.5.9. Test ProcedureClass B (Nonresidential)9.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair
40、 thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.9.2 Each chair is to be tested in the sequence listed in 9.4 9.6 and is to comply with 11.1 and 11.3.9.3 Weatherability TestRepeat the steps given in 8.3.1
41、 and8.3.2.9.4 Static Load TestRepeat 8.4.1 8.4.9 using a 400 64-lb (182 6 1.8-kg) bag.9.5 Impact TestRepeat 8.5.1 8.5.7 using a drop height of8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.6 Rear Leg TestRepeat 8.6.1 8.6.6 using a 4006 4-lb(182 6 1.8-kg) bag.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manu
42、facturers name and manufacturing lot number.10.1.2 Number of chairs tested.10.1.3 Initial observations (8.1 or 9.1).10.1.4 Dimensions (see Fig. 1).10.1.5 Observations and noted structural damage, if any.10.2 For Class A (residential), also include the resultsobtained following the weatherability tes
43、t (see 8.3), the staticload test (8.4), impact test (8.5), and rear leg test (8.6)inthetest report.10.3 For Class B (nonresidential), also include the resultsobtained following the weatherability test (see 9.3), the staticload test (9.4), impact test (9.5), and rear leg test (9.6)inthetest report.11
44、. Performance Criteria11.1 If the chair collapses at any point during the testingprocedure, it shall be reported as a failure whether it recoversor not, and no further testing is required.F1561 03 (2014)311.2 Class A (Residential)There shall be no collapse orany visible evidence of structural damage
45、 such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 8.4 8.6.11.3 Class B (Nonresidential)There shall be no collapseor any visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 9
46、.4 9.6.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Insufficient data are currently available to determinethe interlaboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility of thesetest procedures. Following publication of these requirements, itis expected that sufficient laboratories will become involvedand a round robin will
47、be initiated.13. Keywords13.1 casual furniture; outdoor furniture; patio furniture;performance requirements; plastic chair; resin furnitureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this s
48、tandard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
49、andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internati
