1、Designation: F1575 03 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forDetermining Bending Yield Moment of Nails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining thebending yield moment of nails when subjected to staticloading. It is in
3、tended only for nails used in engineeredconnection applications, in which a required connection capac-ity is specified by the designer.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purpor
4、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Pr
5、actices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE1470 Test Method for Characterization of Proteins byElectrophoretic MobilityF1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes, andStaples3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bending yield momentthe moment dete
6、rmined fromthe load-deformation curve that is intermediate between theproportional limit and maximum load for the nail. It iscalculated by the intersection of the load-deformation curvewith a line represented by the initial tangent modulus offset5 % of the fastener diameter.3.1.2 transition zonethe
7、location of the transition fromsmooth shank to threaded shank on a deformed-shank nail.3.1.3 yield theorythe model for lateral load design valuesfor dowel-type fasteners that specifically accounts for thedifferent ways these connections behave under load. Thecapacity of the connection under each yie
8、ld mode is deter-mined by the bearing strength of the material under the fastenerand the bending strength of the fastener, with the lowestcapacity calculated for the various modes being taken as thedesign load for the connection.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are evaluated to determine
9、capacity toresist lateral bending loads applied at a constant rate ofdeformation with a suitable testing machine. The load on thetest specimen at various intervals of deformation is measured.Supplementary physical properties of the test specimen are alsodetermined.5. Significance and Use5.1 Nails ar
10、e a common mechanical fastener in woodstructures. Engineering design procedures used to determinethe capacities of laterally-loaded nailed connections currentlyuse a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance forlaterally-loaded nailed connections that are engineered. Inorder to develop the no
11、minal resistance for laterally-loadednailed connections, the bending yield moment must be known.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing MachineAny suitable testing machine capableof operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable headand having an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accor-dance with Practice
12、E4.6.2 Cylindrical Bearing PointsAny cylindrical metalmember capable of supporting the test specimen during loadingwithout deforming, as shown in Fig. 1, and having diameter(D) = 0.375 in.6.2.1 Cylindrical bearing points shall be free to rotate as thetest specimen deforms.6.3 Cylindrical Load PointA
13、ny cylindrical metal membercapable of loading the test specimen without deforming, asshown in Fig. 1, and having diameter (D) = 0.375 in.6.4 Recording DeviceAny device with at least a reading of0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and any suitable device for measuring theload on the test specimen during deformation
14、.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.05 on Driven andOther Fasteners.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1575
15、 03(2008).DOI: 10.1520/F1575-03R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internation
16、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representativetest specimens that are appropriate to the objectives of thetesting program.8. Specimens and Tests8.1 Tests for smooth shank nails shall be per
17、formed oneither the finished nail or a specimen of drawn wire stock fromwhich the nail would be manufactured. Tests for deformed-shank nails shall be performed on the finished nail.8.2 Diameter MeasurementMeasure the actual diameterof each test specimen at the midpoint of its length to the nearest0.
18、001 in. (0.025 mm). The nail diameter shall be defined as thediameter of the unthreaded shank for partially deformed-shanknails and shall be measured at the midpoint of the length of nailshank between nail head and transition zone.8.3 Length MeasurementThe nail shall be long enough toprevent the nai
19、l head or point from bearing on the cylindricalnail supports during application of load to the nail through thetime when ultimate load is reached.9. Procedure9.1 Test Setup:9.1.1 Cylindrical bearing point spacing, sbp, shall be asindicated in Table 1.9.1.1.1 If nails are too short to meet this requi
20、rement and thenails receive no processing after forming that can affectfastener bending yield strength, such as heat treating or threadrolling, the test shall be performed on wire from which the nailis made.9.1.1.2 If nails are too short to meet this requirement andreceive processing after forming t
21、hat can affect fastener bend-ing yield strength, such as heat treating or thread rolling, thenails shall be tested with the largest possible span and the spanand circumstances reported in the report.NOTE 1Experience indicates that test results are sensitive to largechanges in bearing point spacing,
22、sbp.9.1.2 The load shall be applied to the test specimen so thatthe center of the cylindrical load point is equidistant from thecenter of each cylindrical bearing point (sbp/2) as shown in Fig.1.9.1.3 Deformed-shank nails shall be placed on the cylindri-cal bearing points for testing so that the tra
23、nsition zonebetween shank and thread is as close to the midpoint betweenthe bearing points as possible.9.2 Loading:9.2.1 The maximum constant rate of loading, rL, shall be asfollows:rL5 0.25 in./min9.2.2 The procedures described herein are for static loading.Procedures to evaluate nails for impact o
24、r cyclic loads are nota part of this test method.9.3 Load and Deformation MeasurementMeasure the ap-plied load on and deformation of the test specimen from theinitiation of load application and take readings of each atsufficiently frequent intervals to permit establishment of asatisfactory load-defo
25、rmation curve except as permitted in9.3.1. Continue the loading until the ultimate load is reachedand the load capacity begins to decrease.9.3.1 As an alternative to establishment of a load-deformation curve, initial tests shall be performed to establisha relationship between ultimate load and the 5
26、 % offset value inaccordance with 10.1. The ultimate load only shall then berecorded for subsequent tests.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 The bending yield moment is determined by fitting astraight line to the initial linear portion of the load-deformationcurve, offsetting this line by a deformati
27、on equal to 5 % of thenail diameter, and selecting the load at which the offset lineintersects the load-deformation curve (see Fig. 2). In thosecases where the offset line does not intersect the load-deformation curve, the maximum load shall be used as theyield load. The bending yield moment shall b
28、e the average ofthe specimens tested.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:FIG. 1 Center-Point Bending Test for NailsTABLE 1 Length Between Nail Bearing PointsNail Nominal Diameter (in.),tolerance per SpecificationF1667Length BetweenBearing Points (in.)0.099 1.10.113 1.30.120 1.40.131 1.50
29、.148 1.70.162 1.90.190 2.2Larger than 0.190 11.5 times the nail diameter,rounded to the nearesttenth of an inchLength between bearing points for nails with diameters other than shownin Table 1 are the lengths for the next smaller listed diameter.F1575 03 (2013)211.1.1 Tabulated and plotted data on l
30、oad-deformation rela-tionships or ultimate load and the ultimate/5 % offset loadrelationship in accordance with 9.3.1,11.1.2 Physical description of the test specimen includingdiameter and thread characteristics for deformed-shank nails,11.1.3 Location of transition zone for deformed-shank nailsbetw
31、een load points,11.1.4 Rate of loading, and11.1.5 Number of replicate tests.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not yetbeen determined.13. Keywords13.1 bending yield moment; fastener; nail; yield; yieldtheoryANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DERIVATION OF BENDING
32、YIELD STRENGTH DESIGN VALUES, FybA1.1 The nominal bending yield strength shall be deter-mined by the following:Fyb5MySwhereFyb= nominal fastener yield strength, psi,S = effective plastic section modulus (in.3) for full plastichinge (for circular, prismatic nails, S=D3/6, where D= nail diameter), and
33、My= calculated moment based on test load, in.-lbPsbp/4whereP = test load as determined from load-deformation curve,as shown in Fig. 2 or as specified in 9.3.1, lb, andsbp= cylindrical bearing point spacing as shown in 9.1.1, in.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This is a test meth
34、od to evaluate bending yieldmoment of nails for design and is not intended to be a nailmanufacturing test procedure for quality control. This testmethod provides a means for determining bending yieldstrength, FybD, so that the supplier/manufacturer is aware ofthe full requirements for the product be
35、ing provided.X1.2 In accordance with 6.2 and 6.3, preliminary studiesindicate that loading head and support diameters do not showa significant radius effect on material properties. The diametershown in this test method is based on one of the larger nailsproduced, with a38-in. diameter.X1.3 In accord
36、ance with 7.1, the number of samples to testto provide for a representative selection should be agreed uponby the nail manufacturer and customer. Guide E1470 providesguidance in this area.X1.4 Centers of the cylindrical bearing points shall remainin the specified position (spacing) during testing. T
37、his can beaccomplished by using a jig described in The Testing ofFIG. 2 Typical Load-Deformation Diagram from Nail Bending TestF1575 03 (2013)3Improved Nails, ASTM Materials Research and Standards.3X1.5 In accordance with 9.2.1, the 0.25-in./min load rateshown in this test method is roughly based on
38、 one nail diameterper minute. Several European studies indicate that smallchanges in rate of loading do not show a significant effect onmaterial properties.X1.6 In accordance with 9.3.1, the option for establishing arelationship between ultimate load and the 5 % offset valueallows simplification of
39、testing. Once the relationship isestablished with preliminary tests, ultimate load alone can bemeasured and recorded for each test. Periodic verification bythe manufacturer will ensure accurate establishment of 5 %offset design values.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of a
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41、vision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. You
42、r comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copy
43、righted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.or
44、g (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Available from University Microfilms, Inc., 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI48106, Vol 6, No. 12, pp. 602607, December 1966.F1575 03 (2013)4
