1、Designation: F1588 96 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forConstant Tensile Load Joint Test (CTLJT)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1588; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The constant tensile load joint test (CTLJT) is designedto demonstrate that a joint in a plastic
3、piping system is resistantto the effects of long-term creep.1.1.1 The joint is subjected to an internal pressure at leastequal to its operating pressure and a sustained axial tensile loadfor a specified time period, usually 1000 h. The joint shall notleak, nor may the pipe completely pull out for th
4、e test duration.The total axial stress is set by the referencing document.1.1.2 Some typical conditions for testing of joints on poly-ethylene pipe are described in Appendix X1.1.2 This test is usually performed at 73F (22.8C).1.3 The CTLJT was developed to demonstrate the long-termresistance to pul
5、lout of mechanical joints on polyethylene gaspipe. The CTLJT has also been successfully applied to theevaluation of other components of plastic piping systems.These applications are discussed in Appendix X1.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in
6、parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
7、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimens
8、ions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2513 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas PressurePipe, Tubing, and FittingsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 ANSI Standard:B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems32.3 Code of Federal Regulations:OPS Part 192, Title 4943
9、. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with TestMethod D638 and Terminology F412, unless otherwise speci-fied. Abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600.3.1.2 The gas industry terminology used in this test methodis in accordance with the definitions given
10、 in ANSI B31.8 orOPS Part 192, Title 49, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 mechanical joint, Category 1a mechanical jointdesign that provides a seal plus a resistance to force on the pipeend, equal to or greater than that which will cause a permanent
11、deformation of the pipe or tubing. (D2513)3.2.2 mechanical joint, Category 3a mechanical jointdesign that provides a seal plus a pipe restraint rating equiva-lent to the anticipated thermal stresses occurring in a pipeline.This category has a manufacturers pipe-end restraint thatallows slippage at l
12、ess than the value required to yield the pipe.(D2513)3.2.3 piperefers to both pipe and tubing.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A joint is subjected to a sustained axial load for aspecified period of time (usually 1000 h). The test duration andthe actual test conditions (axial stress, internal pressure,
13、testduration, and test temperature) are either specified by areferencing document or, for new or unique applications,agreed upon between the user and the manufacturer. X1.2contains a background discussion of axial stress values andaxial load determination.4.2 The joint is made to plastic pipe of the
14、 type, grade, size,and dimension ratio to be used in the final application. The1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published August 201
15、1. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F158896(2007). DOI:10.1520/F1588-96R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
16、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International
17、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.axial tensile stress should be as high as possible, but shall belower than the stress at which the plastic material continues tostretch and finally yields (the long-term yield strength) (seeNote 1).NOTE 1During the
18、 first hours of a test, the pipe elongates measurably.Elongation continues for the duration of the test at a decaying rate.4.3 A joint passes this test if it does not leak and does notpull out or allow slippage in excess of the manufacturersspecified design slippage during the test duration.4.4 If a
19、 pipe in the test assembly yields before the specifiedminimum test time is attained, the total stress is above thelong-term yield strength of that pipe and the test shall beperformed again at a stress level calculated to be below thelong-term yield strength of the pipe.5. Significance and Use5.1 Thi
20、s test method was designed to be used to validate thelong-term resistance to pullout of joints designed for use inplastic natural gas piping systems.5.2 This test method is used in addition to the short-termtests required by OPS Part 192.283b, Title 49. Informalversions of this test method are used
21、by manufacturers andutilities to demonstrate that a joint is resistant to the effects oflong-term creep and meets the requirements for classificationas a Category 1 or a Category 3 joint in accordance withSpecification D2513.5.3 This test method may also be applicable for the deter-mination of the e
22、ffects of a sustained axial load on joints orother components of plastic piping systems designed for otherapplications. Test parameters and the internal pressurizingfluid, if any, should be listed in the referencing document.5.4 Documents that reference this test method for productsother than joints
23、 shall specify test conditions and performancerequirements. In general, such products pass this test if theymaintain their structural integrity, do not leak, and perform tospecification during and after the test.6. Apparatus6.1 Loading Methods:6.1.1 Any loading method that maintains the correct, in-
24、linetensile load on the joint (within 62 %) for the test duration isacceptable. Loading methods successfully employed for allsize loads include lever arms, hydraulic cylinders, and aircylinders.6.1.2 Dead weight (a pile of scrap steel or iron) has workedwell for loads up to 1 ton (907 kg) (see Note
25、2).NOTE 2To provide an adequate stress level for58 in. DR 7 PE tubing,about 200 lb (90 kg) are required. Pipe 2 in. SDR11 PE requires about2000 lb (907 kg).6.1.3 Hydraulic and air-powered loading frames have beenconstructed to provide up to 50 000 lb (22 680 kg) for tests on3-in. IPS through 8-in. I
26、PS joints. The stroke of the cylindershould be adequate for the material being tested.6.2 Applied Axial Load Determination MonitoringTheapplied axial load shall be maintained to within 62 % of thecalculated value.6.2.1 Dead weight is weighed before the start of a test.6.2.2 In systems with air or hy
27、draulic cylinders, a load-celland indicator may be used between the cylinder and the testassembly. An alternative is to accurately establish the relation-ship between inlet pressure and the force generated by acylinder and then to monitor a pressure gage placed in thepressurization line to the cylin
28、der during the test.6.3 Pressure GageEach assembly shall have a pressuregage to monitor internal pressure on the test assembly. Thegage shall be able to measure the test pressure to within anaccuracy of 1 % or better.6.4 Test Assembly:6.4.1 The test assembly is capped and verified to be leaktight.At
29、tachment devices that ensure straight line axial loadingshall be used at each end to attach the test assembly to theloading device. The test assembly may contain more than onejoint of the size under evaluation (see Note 3).NOTE 3There are many configurations possible with the wide varietyof joints t
30、hat are available. If the mechanical joint to be tested is suitablefor the purpose, it can be used to cap the pipe ends.6.4.2 The minimum length is three pipe diameters betweenfittings (stiffener ends). Elongation is proportional to specimenlength. It is important to allow sufficient space in the ap
31、paratusto provide for anticipated elongation of the test specimen forthe duration of the test.7. Precautions and Safety Considerations7.1 Each test fixture and joint assembly shall be designed tosafely accommodate a sudden unexpected failure in any part ofthe test assembly. Both fixture and joint(s)
32、 shall be regularlyinspected for safety. Joint pullouts usually occur unexpectedlyand proceed from start to finish in seconds. Failure may beaccompanied by the sudden release of the internal pressure ora falling test assembly, or both.7.2 It is strongly recommended that water be used as thepressuriz
33、ing fluid when testing systems that may fail in a brittlemanner (specifically PVC systems). If that is not possible, thetest specimens shall be placed in a strong chamber at all timeswhen pressurized (see Note 4).NOTE 4For example, after 938 h of uneventful testing, one 6-in. IPStransition joint rap
34、idly pulled apart. There was no indication of pipemovement when inspected 5 min before failure.8. Test Specimens8.1 Pipe Specimen Selection:8.1.1 For tests of fittings intended for use in natural gasdistribution systems, the pipe supply used for the tests shallhave a print line signifying that it wa
35、s manufactured to therequirements of Specification D2513.8.1.2 Pipe specimens used for fittings tests shall meet thedimensional requirements of the referencing document. (SeeNote 5.) The dimensions of the pipe specimens selected for usein an evaluation shall be known and reported.F1588 96 (2011)2NOT
36、E 5Some fittings may perform well with pipe of the nominaloutside diameter and wall thickness and fail if assembled to pipe at thelimits of the dimensional tolerances. To ensure good performance on thefull range of pipe dimensions that meet specifications, it may be necessaryto procure or to manufac
37、ture specimens at the extremities of both wallthickness and outside diameter and to perform verification tests on one ormore sizes of such material.8.2 Specimen Preparation:8.2.1 Cut the required number of thermoplastic pipe speci-mens to length. Make each pipe specimen a minimum of threepipe diamet
38、ers long plus the length needed for insertion intothe fitting(s).8.2.2 To obtain dimensions and to verify that pipe used forthe test meets ASTM dimensional requirements, perform thefollowing measurements on each specimen, a representativesample from a coil, or 40-ft (12-m) long straight length.8.2.2
39、.1 Measure the outside diameter (OD) at the center ofa specimen, using a circumferential wrap tape, in accordancewith Test Method D2122.8.2.2.2 Using the procedures for wall thickness measure-ment and calculation of the average wall thickness in TestMethod D2122, measure the wall thickness at each e
40、nd of aspecimen and calculate the average wall thickness (AWT).9. Assembly9.1 Install the fittings on the pipe specimens in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.9.2 With a marking pen or similar device, place an indexmark on the pipe directly adjacent to the ends of all mechanicalfittings,
41、so that any slippage can be measured and compared tothat which may be allowed by the manufacturers specifica-tions. Some displacement of this mark under load is normaldue to the stretching of the material in the joint.10. Procedure10.1 The test assembly shall be conditioned to the testtemperature fo
42、r a minimum of 12 h before the load is applied.10.2 Install the test assembly into the long-term loadingdevice.10.3 Inspect all parts of the test assembly and the loadingmechanism for safety before applying the tensile load.10.4 After 24 h of loading, examine all joints in theassembly for signs of s
43、lippage. If the slippage does not exceedthat specified by the manufacturer for the joint under test,slowly introduce the pressurizing fluid into the assembly to thefull operating pressure 61%.10.5 Monitor for leaks and record the ambient temperature,the tensile load, the amount of slippage (if any),
44、 and theinternal pressure for the duration of the test.11. Calculation11.1 Load Calculation Method 1:11.1.1 Calculate the cross sectional area, A, of the pipe wall,as follows:A5p3AWT 3 OD 2 AWT! (1)11.1.2 Calculate the tensile load, P, as follows:11.1.2.1 Calculate the total load, PT, as follows:PTl
45、b!5stress psi!3 A in.2! (2)11.1.2.2 Calculate the axial loading generated by the inter-nal pressure, P1, as follows:P15p/4 3 OD2in.2!3 test pressure psig! (3)11.1.2.3 Calculate the load (lb) to be applied by the loadingmechanism, P2, as follows:P25 PT2 P1(4)11.2 Load Calculation Method 2:11.2.1 This
46、 alternative load calculation method has beenincluded to accommodate producers who use this test methodfor large numbers of developmental tests. The procedure in11.1 is recommended for referee-type tests because the error inthe calculated cross-sectional area of in-specification pipe mayexceed 10 %
47、if this alternative method is used.11.2.2 Calculate the cross-sectional area of the pipe wall, A,as follows:A5p3MW 3 MOD 2 MW! (5)where:MW = maximum wall from Table 2 or 3 of SpecificationD2513, andMOD = maximum outside diameter from Table 2 or 3 ofSpecification D2513.11.2.3 Calculation of Tensile L
48、oad, P:11.2.3.1 Calculate the total load as follows:PTlb!5stress psi!3A in.2! (6)11.2.3.2 Calculate the axial loading generated by the inter-nal pressure, P1, as follows:P15p/4 3 OD2in.2!3 test pressure psig! (7)11.2.3.3 Calculate the load (lb) to be applied by the loadingmechanism, P2, as follows:P
49、25 PT2 P1(8)12. Report and Documentation12.1 Report the following information for each product orjoint under evaluation:12.1.1 Test duration (h),12.1.2 Axial tensile stress (psi) in the pipe wall for the pipesection in that particular joint,12.1.3 Cross-sectional area (in.2) of pipe wall and the load(lb),12.1.4 Name the pressurization fluid: air or water,12.1.5 Leakage,12.1.6 Ambient temperature range, and12.1.7 Any slippage detected between pipe and fitting up toand including a pullout. Compare this to the manufacturersallowable slippage, if any, and
