1、Designation: F 1599 95 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Guide forCollecting Performance Data on Temporary StorageDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a guideline for measuring the perfor-mance parameters of full-scale temporary storage devices tha
3、twould be used to store oil and oil-water mixtures.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibi
4、lity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 6.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies
5、for Spill Con-trol SystemsF 631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inControlled EnvironmentsF 715 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil SpillControl and Storage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Design TerminologyTerms Associated With Tempo-rary Storage Device Design:3.1.2 accesso
6、riesoptional mechanical devices used on orin conjunction with a temporary storage device system but notincluded with the basic storage device and hose connectors,that is, lights, paravanes, buoys, anchor systems, storage bags,repair kits, etc.3.1.3 ancillary equipmentmechanical devices necessaryto t
7、he operation of a given temporary storage device system,for example, air pumps, hydraulic power supplies, controlmanifolds, etc.3.1.4 ballastthe weight applied to the device to improveperformance.3.1.5 container bodythe continuous portion of the devicethat serves to provide structural strength and s
8、hape to thedevice to contain the stored material.3.1.6 device weightthe dry weight of a fully assembledtemporary storage device.3.1.7 draftthe maximum vertical dimension of the devicebelow the water line.3.1.8 flotationthat portion of the device that providesbuoyancy.3.1.9 freeboardthe minimum verti
9、cal height of the deviceabove the water line; for open devices, this is the minimumheight at which water can enter it.3.1.10 handholdany strap, handle, depression, or otherprovision for grasping the device by hand.3.1.11 lifting pointthe structural point(s) on the devicedesigned for the attachment o
10、f a lifting device, such as a crane.3.1.12 lineraccessory or ancillary equipment that pro-vides containment within the container body.3.1.13 mooring pointthe structural point(s) along thelength of the device designed for the attachment of anchor ormooring lines.3.1.14 overall heightthe maximum verti
11、cal dimension ofthe device.3.1.15 sailthe maximum vertical height of the deviceabove the water-line.3.1.16 shipping weightthe weight of the device whenpackaged for transportation.3.1.17 shipping volumethe volume of the device whenpackaged for transportation.3.1.18 stiffenera component that provides
12、support to thedevice.3.1.19 temporary storage devicea collapsible device usedto store fluids temporarily.3.1.20 tension memberany component that carries tensionloads imposed on the device.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is
13、 the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1599 95(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custome
14、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.21 tow pointstructural point(s) on
15、 the device designedfor the attachment of towing lines.3.1.22 Engineering TerminologyTerms Associated WithTemporary Storage Device Engineering:3.1.23 drag forcethe resisting force on a device thatresults from it being towed.3.1.24 gross buoyancythe weight of fresh water displacedby the device at the
16、 point of submergence.3.1.25 gross buoyancy to weight ratiothe gross buoyancydivided by device weight.3.1.26 heave responsethe ability of the device to react tothe vertical motion of the water surface.3.1.27 maximum capacitythe maximum volumetric ca-pacity of the device as calculated from physical d
17、imensions.3.1.28 maximum dynamic loadthe sum of all instanta-neous dynamic loads, including those due to acceleration, waveforces, etc.3.1.29 operational capacitythe maximum volumetric ca-pacity of the device per application.3.1.30 pitch responsethe tendency of the device to oscil-late about its lat
18、eral axis.3.1.31 rated pressurethe maximum continuous operatingpressure of the device, as specified by the manufacturer.3.1.32 reserve buoyancythe gross buoyancy minus deviceweight.3.1.33 reserve buoyancy to weight ratiothe reserve buoy-ancy divided by device weight.3.1.34 roll responsethe tendency
19、of the device to rotateabout its longitudinal axis due to wave, wind, or current forces.3.1.35 yaw responsethe tendency of the device to oscil-late about its vertical axis.3.1.36 Classification Terminology:3.1.37 pillow tanka closed, generally rectangular or roundcoated fabric tank.3.1.38 open poola
20、n open, generally rectangular or roundcoated fabric tank, similar in structure to a “wading pool.”3.1.39 towable pillow tanksimilar to a pillow tank usedon land or on deck, but generally made of heavier material andhaving special rigging for towing.3.1.40 towable flexible tanka storage device that i
21、s gen-erally long and cylindrical in shape and, when full, is largelysubmerged, characterized by flexibility along the length of thedevice.3.1.41 towable open tankan open, inflatable, barge-typevessel that resembles a large inflatable boat, characterized by aportion of the top surface being open to
22、atmosphere.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide covers the collection of quantitative data inthe form of storage capacity, strength of materials, filling andoffloading rates, and towability under controlled test condi-tions. The data can be used for evaluating the design charac-teristics of a parti
23、cular temporary storage device or as a meansof comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercisedwhenever the test data are used to predict performance in actualspill situations since the uncontrolled environmental conditionsthat affect performance in the field are rarely identical tocondition
24、s in the test facility. Other variables such as mechani-cal reliability, the presence of debris, ease of repair, requiredoperator training, operator fatigue, and transportability alsoaffect performance in an actual spill but are not included in thisguide. These variables should be considered along w
25、ith the testdata when making comparisons or evaluations of temporarystorage devices.4.2 Although this guide provides data on the performance oftemporary storage devices, all of the combinations of actualconditions of use are not simulated in this series of tests. Inparticular, the resistance of the
26、device to grounding, abrasionresistance of the container body, venting of the device duringloading, and other operational issues not covered by this guideshould be considered along with the test data when makingcomparisons or evaluations of temporary storage devices.5. Overall Observations5.1 For ea
27、ch of the tests that follow, the total manpowerrequired to conduct the procedure and the required ancillaryequipment will be noted in the test record. In addition, the totalelapsed time for each portion of the tests will be noted.5.2 Observations of the buoyancy and stability of thedeployed device w
28、ill be made for the marine testing of towabledevices.5.3 Any observations relative to safety will be entered aspart of the test record. These should include any hazardousconditions noted and limitations due to weather conditions, aswell as any safety precautions that were observed or should beobserv
29、ed. If the manufacturers specified operating proceduresare found to be deficient relative to safety observations, thisshould be noted.5.4 The test series should be videotaped to document thetests and procedures.6. Initial (Static) Loading Tests6.1 The storage device, and any enclosed ancillary equip
30、-ment (for example, flotation collars), should be subjected to thefollowing tests using air or dyed water, as appropriate, in orderto confirm the structural integrity and evaluate (qualitatively)any leakage. The following is presented as a guideline in theabsence of manufacturer-supplied guidelines
31、for performinginitial loading tests.6.2 Overpressure tests can be extremely dangerous, andprecautions should be taken against the possibility of suddenand complete failure of the device. The following tests uselarge volumes of water or pressurized air, or both, that couldcause injury to personnel an
32、d serious damage to property ifreleased suddenly.6.3 Closed Devices and Enclosed Ancillaries:6.3.1 Leak TestThe storage device should be inflated withair to a test pressure, calculated as follows:P 5s15rwhere:P = test pressure (Pa),s = minimum ultimate tensile strength of material (N/m),andr = radiu
33、s of largest section (m).6.3.2 Allow the storage device to stand for 30 min at the testpressure 610 %. Maintaining the test pressure within 610 %,F 1599 95 (2009)2apply a soapy water solution liberally to the seam areas, fittingjoints, valves, and all fabric areas. Record and mark airseepage.NOTE 1T
34、he inspector must determine what is an acceptable leak sincesome small air leaks may not necessarily mean that a liquid would leakthrough the same hole.Also, some air bubbles may be caused by air forcedout between the fabric layers and would not cause a liquid leak.6.3.2.1 Mark and record the locati
35、on and extent of anysurface or seam irregularities, blisters, or cracks. Recheck theseareas carefully for leaks. The inspector must determine theacceptable level of such surface irregularities.6.3.3 The storage device may be re-tested if leaks can bestopped by tightening the fittings or by minor per
36、manentrepairs.6.3.4 OverpressurePressurize the device to 150 % of therated pressure (defined in 4.2). Hold for 30 min, and thenreduce the pressure to a safe level and inspect for leaks.6.3.5 If the device exhibits leaks that are not structuralfailures, rework it and repeat the leak test of 6.3.1. If
37、 the deviceexhibits leaks that are from structural failure (that is, looseseams, fabric failure, etc.), rework it as necessary and repeatthe overpressure test of 6.3.4.6.3.6 Closed devices may also be tested using the proce-dures of 6.4 to determine whether minor air bubble leakspermit water to leak
38、 through the fabric.6.4 Open Devices:6.4.1 Leak TestThe following leak test for open devicescan be performed only with the device out of water. If thedevice cannot be suspended to allow observation of its bottomwhen full, a sheet of white water sorbent cloth should be placedunder it to indicate leak
39、s.6.4.2 Fill the device with water to its full operating level.Color the water with a water marker dye that provides a goodcolor contrast with the storage device and sorbent cloth. Allowthe device to stand for 2 h.6.4.3 Observe and mark obvious leaks. Wipe the seam andleaking areas with a white wate
40、r sorbent cloth, and determinewhether colored water has leaked through. Mark and record theleaks. No splits or blisters in the coating or seams shall beacceptable.6.4.4 The storage device may be re-tested if the leaks can bestopped by tightening the fittings or by minor permanentrepairs.7. Deploymen
41、t, Loading, and Towing Tests7.1 GeneralA visual examination of the device will beconducted once the temporary storage device has been madeready for deployment. The material specifications and opera-tional limitations of the hose coupling mechanisms and anyother fittings, such as towing bridle, drogu
42、e attachments, orsecuring devices, should be recorded.7.2 Towable Devices:7.2.1 A test of launching from a pier and preparation fordeployment by a towing vessel will be conducted by followingthe manufacturers instructions for break-out, deployment, andpreparation for towing. The test will be conside
43、red concludedwhen the predesignated vessel is able to tow the device awayfrom the dock in a safe and proper configuration.7.2.2 Towing tests should be conducted under a range ofenvironmental conditions appropriate to the devices intendeduse. (Classification criteria for calm, protected, and open wat
44、erare given in Practice F 625.) Any differences during the testshould be noted as conditions change. The test will beconducted by following the manufacturers instructions or, inthe absence thereof, by the opinion of the vessel operator forthe most suitable course for the launching, filling, towing,
45、andrecovery operation. The test will be considered concludedwhen the response vessel has completed all towing tests andrecovered and stowed the device in a safe and proper configu-ration.7.2.3 While towing the device, the required towing forcewill be measured as a function of increasing tow speed.Dy
46、namic loads should be measured using a recently calibratedload cell. During the towing tests, manufacturer-specifiedmaximum design loads must be respected with due regard tomaximum dynamic load.7.2.4 Observations should be noted in the test record con-cerning the device behavior as the towing speed
47、and waveapproach angle are varied. Observations of stability shouldinclude vertical stability, twisting, diving, snaking, and yawing.Any distortion of the device or other problem causing insta-bility, loss of recovered product, or unacceptable list, trim, orbow submergence should be noted. The draft
48、 and freeboard ofthe device should be noted in the test record for each of theloading conditions tested.7.2.5 During the progress of the test, careful monitoringmust take place to detect the following: wave-induced motionsand inertial or free-surface effects, particularly as they mayaffect control a
49、nd maneuverability; pitch, roll, heave, and bowsubmergence; leaks from vents, gages, loading hoses, and thecontainer body; and breakaway or damage to external flotationor buoyancy devices.7.2.6 If any of the previously listed or other problemsdevelop during the test, they should be described fully in thetest report, including notation of the following data: time,volume and nature of fluid in the device, direction of impact ofthe waves, speed at which the device was under tow, and anytowing vessel action that may have influenced the pr
