1、Designation: F1684 06 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forIron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low ThermalExpansion Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and oneiron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for
3、 low thermal expansion applica-tions. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloydesignated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloydesignated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,containing nominally 32 % nickel, 5 %
4、cobalt and 63 % iron, isdesignated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines thefollowing product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No.K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing. Thefree-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for barproducts only. Unless otherwise indicated, all
5、articles apply toall three alloys.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This pertains only to the test method section,
6、Section 13.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Reference
7、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1971 Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Deter-mination of Metals by FlameAtomicAbsorption, GraphiteFurnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma EmissionSpectroscopy, or Plasma Mass SpectrometryE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for
8、 Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelE92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness an
9、d Knoop Hard-ness of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-scope Hardness, and Leeb HardnessE228 Test Method
10、 for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerE354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Ni
11、ckel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toEvaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Alloy, as in
12、dicated with UNS number,3.1.2 Size,3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),3.1.5 Marking and packaging (Section 18), and3.1.6 Certification, if required.NOTE 1Certification should include traceability of the heat to theoriginal manufacturer.4. Chemical Requirements4.1
13、Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 2Lower levels of phosphorus and sulfur may be required forcertain welding applications. These lower levels shall be negotiated, as1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onEl
14、ectronicsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials, Wire Bonding, and Flip Chip.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F1684 06(2011).DOI: 10.1520/F1684-06R16.2For referenced A
15、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
16、ocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1needed, between the vendor and user. Welding of the free-machining alloy(UNS No. K93050) is generally not recommended.5. Surface Lubricants5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremove
17、d readily by any of the common organic degreasingsolvents.6. Temper6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified inthe purchase order.6.2 Tube(UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Unlessotherwise agreed upon between the supplier or manufacturerand the purchaser, these forms shall be given
18、 either a finalbright anneal or anneal and descale by the manufacturer, andsupplied in the annealed temper.6.3 Strip and Sheet (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500only) These forms shall be supplied in one of the tempers givenin Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as specified.6.4 Wire and Rod These forms
19、shall be supplied in one ofthe tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwisespecified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied inTemper A (annealed).6.5 Rod(UNS K93050 only) For Temper D (unannealed)material, in rod sizes greater than12 in. diameter, the mid-radius Brinell Hardn
20、ess shall be 235 maximum. Consult TestMethod E10 for Brinell Hardness test procedures.6.6 PlatePlate will be supplied in annealed temper. Theproperties for UNS K93603 and UNS K93500 will be as shownin Table 4.6.7 For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grind-ing to remove scale, is an acce
21、ptable alternate.7. Grain Size7.1 (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Strip andsheet for deep drawing shall have an average grain size notlarger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 3), and no more than 10 % ofthe grains shall be larger than No. 5 when measured inaccordance with Test Methods E112.NOTE 3This corre
22、sponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16grains/in.2of image at 100.7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall benegotiated between user and supplier.8. Hardness8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper(UNS No. K93603 and No.K93500 only) For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed157 Vickers Hardness fo
23、r material 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) and lessin thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. inthickness. The Vickers Hardness test shall be determined inaccordance with Test Method E92, while the Rockwell Hard-ness test shall be determined in accordance with Test MethodsE18.NOTE 4For hardness convers
24、ions, use Table 3 of Standard E140.8.2 Rolled and Annealed TempersHardness tests whenproperly applied can be indicative of tensile strength. Hardnessscales and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall benegotiated between supplier and purchaser.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1Round observed
25、or calculated values to the nearest unit in thelast right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value, inaccordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.ElementUNS No.K93603UNS No.K93050UNS No.K93500Iron, nominal remainderAremainderAremainderANickel, nominal 36A36A32ACobalt,
26、max 0.50 0.50 5AManganese, max 0.60 1.00 0.60Silicon, max 0.40 0.35 0.25Carbon, max 0.05 0.15 0.05Aluminum, max 0.10B.C0.10BMagnesium, max 0.10B.C0.10BZirconium, max 0.10B.C0.10BTitanium, max 0.10B.C0.10BChromium, max 0.25 0.25 0.25Selenium . 0.15 to 0.30 .Phosphorus, max 0.015D0.020 0.015DSulfur, m
27、ax 0.015D0.020 0.015DAFor UNS No. K93603 and K93050, the iron, and nickel requirements arenominal, while for UNS No. K93500, the iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements arenominal. These levels may be adjusted by the manufacturer to meet the require-ments for the coefficient of thermal expansion as sp
28、ecified in 12.1.BThe total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall not exceed0.20 %.CThese elements are not measured for this alloy.DThe total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.025 %.TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and SheetTemperDesignationTemperNameTensile S
29、trength ksi (MPa)UNS No. K93603 UNS No. K93500(Nominal Values)A anealed 85 max (586 max) 85 max (586 max)B12 hard 86 min (593) 86 min (593)C hard 105 min (724) 105 min (724)TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and RodNOTE 1The tensile strength limits for Temper D apply only tomaterial12 in
30、. diameter and under. Consult 6.5 for hardness limits whichapply to larger rod sizes.Temper Des-ignationTemperNameTensile Strength ksi (MPa)UNS No.K93603UNS No.K93050UNS No.K93500A Annealed 85 max(586 max)85 max(586 max)85 max(586 max)B Cold worked 86 min(593 min)86 min(593 min)86 min(593 min)D Unan
31、nealed . . . 111 max(765 max).TABLE 4 Room Temperature Tensile Strength Requirements forPlate (UNS K93603 and K93500) Products0.2 % Yield Strength 33.33 ksi (230 MPa) min 50.7 ksi (350 MPa) maxTensile Strength 58 ksi (400 MPa) min 72.5 ksi (500 MPa) maxHardness Rockwell B60 min 85 maxF1684 06 (2016)
32、29. Tensile Strength9.1 Strip and Sheet: (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500only)9.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 2 and shall conformwith the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechani-cal properties (for example, ductility) and
33、limits are negotiatedbetween user and supplier.9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-dinal axis is parallel to the direction of rolling, and the test shallbe performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.9.2 Wire and Rod:9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance or
34、rejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform tothe requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechanicalproperties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiatedbetween user and supplier.9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with TestMethods E8.10. Surface Finish10.1 T
35、he standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following operations:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling,10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing,10.1.7 Annealed and descaled, and10.1.8 Bright annealed.11. Inclusion
36、Content11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and Sheet Plate(UNS No.K93603 and No. K93500 only) These product forms shall befree of inclusions, cracks, blow holes, and other defects that aredetrimental to the quality of subsequent product.11.2 Inclusion ratings for certain applications (for example,deep drawin
37、g) shall be negotiated between user and supplier.Rating criteria shall be based on Test Methods E45.12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics12.1 The average linear coefficients of thermal expansionshall be within the limits specified in Table 5. For UNS No.K93050, the supplier is requested to supply da
38、ta over thetemperature range 30 to 150C. Nonmandatory thermal expan-sion data are found in the Appendix X1 Appendix X3.12.2 Typical thermal expansion data, thermal expansiondata for annealed material to higher temperatures, and for thethree-step anneal used for UNS K93600, are contained inAppendix X
39、1 Appendix X3.13. Test for Thermal Expansion13.1 UNS No. K93603 Heat the specimen in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat8756 25C.Cool at a rate not to exceed 300C/h.13.2 UNS No. K93050 Heat the specimen in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of 15 min at 815 6 25C.Air cool.13.3 UNS
40、No. K93500 (1) Heat the specimen in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat8456 25C.Water quench. ( 2) Heat the specimen for a minimum of1hat315 6 15C.Air cool. (3) Heat the specimen for a minimum of24hat956 10C. Air cool.NOTE 5(Applies to 13.1 13.3): Alternative thermal treatments andresult
41、ing values of thermal coefficient of expansion may be negotiatedbetween the supplier and purchaser.13.4 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics inaccordance with Test Method E228.14. Transformation in UNS No. K93500 Alloy14.1 Because its nominal 5 wt % addition of cobalt, UNSNo. K93500Alloy
42、is metastable at temperatures less than roomtemperature. If needed, specific minimum transformation tem-peratures may be negotiated between purchaser and supplier.15. Chemical Analysis15.1 This section describes the chemical analysis techniquesto be used in case of dispute. Wherever applicable, the
43、analysisprocedures described in Practices D1971, Test Methods E354,E1019 and Practice E1601 should be utilized.15.2 Carbon, Sulfur Combustion method.15.3 Aluminum, Chromium, MagnesiumAtomic absorp-tion method.15.4 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (Excluding Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt)Atomic absorpti
44、on, optical emission orinductively coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.NOTE 6The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal (seeTable 1).16. Dimensions and Permissible Variations16.1 Cold-Rolled Strip(UNS No. K93603 and No.K93500 only) Cold-rolled strip shall conform to the permis-sible vari
45、ations in dimensions prescribed in Table 6, Table 7,and Table 8.16.2 Round Wire and RodWire and rod shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 9.16.3 Cold-Drawn Tubing(UNS No. K93603 and No.K93500 only) Cold-drawn tubing, available either as seamlessor welded, shall
46、 conform to the permissible variations pre-scribed in Table 10.TABLE 5 Coefficients of Thermal ExpansionTemperature Range, CAverage Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,m/mCUNS No.K93603UNS No.K93050UNS No.K9350030 to 150 1.2 to 2.7 . .18 to 93 . . 0.9 maxF1684 06 (2016)316.4 PlatePlate shall con
47、form to the permissible varia-tions in dimensions as shown in Table 11, Table 12 and Table13.17. General Requirements17.1 The material supplied under this specification shall becommercially smooth, uniform in cross section, incomposition, and in temper, it shall be free of scale, corrosion,cracks, s
48、eams, scratches, slivers, and other defects as bestcommercial practice will permit.18. Packaging and Package Marking18.1 Packaging shall be subject to agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.18.2 The material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name or symbol of the
49、 manufacturer and byTABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled StripSpecified Thickness, in. (mm) Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, in. (mm)Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 to 152) Over 6 to 12 (152 to 305) Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406)0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102) 0.004 (0.102)0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.102)0.068 to 0.050 (1.73 to 1.27), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (0.076) 0.003 (
