1、Designation: F 1698 02An American National StandardStandard Practice forInstallation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Linerand Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-Entry Sewers and Conduits1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1698; the number immediately
2、following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practi
3、ce describes the procedures for the rehabili-tation of sewer lines and conduits by the installation of afield-fabricated PVC liner. After installation of the liner,cementitious grout is injected into the annular space betweenthe liner and the existing sewer or conduit. The rehabilitation ofthe host
4、structure by this installation practice results in a rigidcomposite structure (PVC/grout/existing pipe). This rehabilita-tion process may be used in a variety of gravity applications,such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers and process piping ofman-entry sizes (36 to 144 in. in vertical dimension). The
5、profile strips used for field fabrication of PVC liners aresupplied in coils for spiral winding of the liner or in custom-cutflat panels for circumferential lining of all or any portion of thecircumference of the host conduit (see Figs. 1 and 2).1.2 The values in parentheses are provided for informa
6、tionpurposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u
7、se. Particular attentionis drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involvingentering into and working in confined spaces.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 942 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts forPreplaced Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory2C 969 Practice for Infi
8、ltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines3D 790 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-als4D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics4D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
9、Plastics4D 1735 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pro-file Strip for PVC Liners for Rehabilitation of ExistingMan-Entry Sewers and Conduits5D 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(CPVC) Compounds4F 412 Terminology Relating to
10、 Plastic Piping Systems52.2 NASSCO Standard:Specification Guidelines for Sewer Collection System Main-tenance and Rehabilitation63. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D 883 and F 412. Abbreviations are in accordancewith Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indica
11、ted.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 extruded PVC joiner stripa companion product tothe profile former strip of such configuration as to provide thelocking mechanism at the edges of the former strips; the joinerstrip contains within it a coextruded flexible PVC seal whichform
12、s a compression seal when mated with the edges of theformer strips.3.2.2 extruded PVC profile former stripa product, avail-able in various sizes, consisting of a smooth inner surface anda ribbed outer surface (profile) with edge configurations toallow mechanical locking of adjacent strips.1This prac
13、tice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67on Trench-less Plastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published December 2002.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of A
14、STM Standards, Vol 04.05.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.6Available from, NASSCO, 1108 Sheller Avenue, Suite 5 Chambersburg, PA17201.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
15、3.2.3 PVC linera product field fabricated from extrudedPVC profile strip into a shape substantially conforming to theshape of the existing pipe or conduit, for example, circular,oval, ovoid, and so forth (see Fig. 1).3.2.4 production runa continuous extrusion of a givenprofile type.4. Significance a
16、nd Use4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations in-volved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and con-duits. As for any practice, modifications may be required forspecific job conditions.5. Materials5.1 The extruded PV
17、C profile strip (former and joiner) usedfor the field fabrication of PVC liner should be made asspecified in Specifcation F 1735.5.2 The profile strip should be coiled in a continuous lengthas long as practical, or cut in custom length panels for storageand shipping to the job site. Handling and sto
18、rage should be inaccordance with the manufacturers published recommenda-tions.5.3 The adhesive/sealant, used should be compatible withthe PVC compound and the liner process, so as not to effect theproperties of the finished liner. (A polyurethane-base product issuggested.)6. Installation Recommendat
19、ions6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, andperforming inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation ofthe atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammablevapors or lack of oxygen shall be undertaken in accordancewith local, state, or federa
20、l safety and confined space entryregulations.6.1.2 Cleaning of PipelineInternal debris should be re-moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should becleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocityjet cleaners, or a combination of these methods and manuallydirected high-pressure (
21、2500-psi minimum) water blasting toensure that the exposed pipe wall is free of contamination offoreign materials and corrosion products and the surface ishard, competent original pipe material.6.1.3 Inspection of PipelineInspection of pipeline shouldbe performed by experienced personnel trained in
22、locatingbreaks, obstacles, and service connections, either by directvisual observation or by closed-circuit television. The interiorof the pipeline should be carefully inspected to determine thelocation of any conditions that may prevent or adverselyimpact proper installation of the profile liner, s
23、uch as protrud-ing service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, significant linesags, and deflected joints. These conditions should be noted,and as appropriate, corrected prior to installation.FIG. 1 Example of Profile PVC StripF 1698 0226.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe existing pipeline should beclear of obs
24、tructions that will prevent the proper placement ofthe PVC liner. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannotbe removed by conventional equipment, then a point repairexcavation should be made to uncover and remove or repair theobstruction.6.2 BypassingThe profiled PVC liner process does notalwa
25、ys require a dry pipeline and may be installed with someflow in the existing pipe or lateral connections, or both. Ifnecessary, the bypass should be made by plugging the line at apoint upstream of the pipe to be rehabilitated and pumping theflow to a downstream point or adjacent system. The pump and
26、FIG. 2 Typical Installations with PanelsF 1698 023bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and size to handleany extreme flows expected during the installation period.6.2.1 Under certain conditions, part or all of the installationmay be carried out with some flow in the existing pipeline orservic
27、e connections, or both.6.3 PVC Liner Installation:6.3.1 Liner Installation (Panels)If the job requires theprofiled PVC strips be provided in the form of panels or if thejob entails the lining of only a portion of the circumference, thepanels should be cut and trimmed to fit as near as practical toth
28、e internal circumference of the structure to be lined or toproduce the required annulus (space between the liner and thepipe wall). The panels should be placed square with the pipewall, that is, circumferentially (see Fig. 2). The adjacent paneledges should be locked together using the manufacturer-
29、supplied joiner strip by means recommended by the manufac-turer. End joints or supports should be made with amanufacturer-supplied connector section or support (for ex-ample, “J” strips) and sealed with a bead of an approvedsealant/adhesive. If necessary, the panels may be shimmed offthe wall to avo
30、id discontinuities on the surface or to ensure aminimum annulus required by the specified design. Theseshims should be of such a configuration as to not significantlyimpede the flow of grout into the annulus.6.3.2 Liner Installation (Coils)If the job requires theprofiled PVC be provided in the form
31、of coils, the coil shouldbe placed over the open access manhole and the strip pulleddown into the pipe through the manhole from the center of thecoil. The liner should be spirally wound with the ribbed profileof the strip as near as practical to the wall of the existingstructure, or as specified by
32、the owner. If necessary, the stripmay be shimmed off the wall to avoid discontinuities of thewall surface or to maintain the specified annulus. Such shimsshould be of a configuration that they will not significantlyimpede the flow of grout into the annulus. The adjacent profilestrip edges should be
33、locked together using the manufacturer-supplied joiner strip by means approved by the materialsupplier. Additional coils of PVC strip may be introduced byjoining the ends of the strip by means of a manufacturer-supplied PVC splicing profile (for example, “H” connectorsection). The splice should be s
34、ealed on both sides of the splicewith an approved sealant/adhesive.6.4 GroutingOnce the PVC liner is in place, the ends ofthe pipe at the manhole are sealed by dry packing withrapid-setting mortar. Through this mortar and around the linerare placed a series of tubes which act as grout injection tube
35、sor breather tubes, or both. Alternatively, or in addition, groutholes may be drilled in the PVC lining at appropriate pointsand flowable grout injected into them until satisfactory fill isobtained. Grout holes in the liner should be sealed with PVCplugs which, in turn, should be sealed by a bead of
36、 approvedsealant/adhesive (a polyurethane-base product is suggested).Grouting should proceed in lifts or stages; generally the rise ofthe first lift is limited by the allowable floating of the liner offthe pipe invert and avoiding contact of the liner with the crownof the existing pipe, while the su
37、cceeding lifts are limited invertical rise by liner wall deflection. There should be noleakage of the grout at the joints/seams of the liner. Due to thepresence of the breather holes/tubes, the liner will be subjectedonly to the hydraulic head pressure of the liquid grout, that is,will not sense the
38、 grout pump pressure. Thus, pressure moni-toring at the grouting hose is generally not required. Thegrouting of the annular space is very important to the structuralintegrity of the renovated sewer and should be designed andexecuted with great care. The grouting plan should be asrecommended by the l
39、iner material supplier and be reviewedand approved by the owners representative in advance of thework.6.4.1 Although the goal of grouting is to fill 100 % of theannulus, hydrostatic buckling strength required by the jobspecifications determines the required minimum grout fill ofthe annulus. If no sp
40、ecification for the job exists, it isrecommended that the required grout fill of the annulus be suchthat there be no voids greater in circumferential extent than5 % of the inside circumference of the liner. Voids found largerthan specified shall be filled by drilling a hole in the void,pumping grout
41、 into the void, and then plugging the groutinghole with a PVC plug as above. For purposes of this practice,adjacent voids separated circumferentially less than 4 in.should be considered one void. Also, the total void circumfer-ential extent in any one-foot section of the pipe should notexceed 10 % o
42、f the circumference of the liner, regardless of thesizes of the individual voids. As both the compressive strengthand the grout thickness (size of annulus) are design variablesand, therefore, job specific, no general specification can begiven here.6.4.2 The grout should consist of the following: Cem
43、ent,water, fly ash or lime, and admixtures. The grout mix design,including viscosity and minimum compressive strength to beused for the project application, should be as recommended bythe manufacturer (of the PVC strips) and approved by theowners representative prior to commencement of work. Groutco
44、mponents should be clean, fresh, and stored in a suitably drycondition. Premixed grouts and grout admixtures should beused in accordance with their manufacturers specifications.Mixing and pump equipment may be either paddle or colloidalmixers, and screw, peristaltic, or piston pumps. All equipmentsh
45、ould be kept clean and free from buildup.6.5 Service ConnectionsService connections should becut in as the PVC lining is being installed, leaving the lateralflow unobstructed by the lining. Provisions should be made toisolate the grout in the liner annulus from sewerage flows outof the lateral and t
46、o prevent the flow of grout into the lateralduring the grouting operation.7. Inspection and Acceptance7.1 The installation should be inspected by closed-circuittelevision or visually, if appropriate. The PVC liner should becontinuous over the entire length of the installation. Variationsfrom true li
47、ne and grade may be inherent because of theconditions of the existing pipeline. No infiltration of groundwater through the PVC liner should be observed. All serviceentrances should be accounted for and be unobstructed.7.2 Leakage TestingIt is impractical to test pipes above a36-in. diameter for leak
48、age due to the technology available inthe pipe rehabilitation industry. Post-inspection will detectmajor leaks or blockages.F 1698 0247.3 Grout Compressive Strength TestingIf required by thebuyer or designated in the contract documents or purchaseorder, or both, samples from the mixed grout being in
49、jectedinto the annulus should be collected and tested for compressivestrength, in accordance with Test Method C 942. Samplesshould be taken and tested for each manhole-to-manhole pipesection where the annulus is grouted. Measured values ofcompressive strength should meet the job specifications.8. Design Considerations8.1 General GuidelinesThe design of the grouted PVCliner is largely a function of the condition of the existingpipeline. Design equations and details are given in AppendixX1.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONSX1.1 Te
