1、Designation: F 1838 98 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Performance Requirements forChilds Plastic Chairs for Outdoor Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1838; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTESection 8.3 renumbered editorially as Section 7.2 in June 2004.1. Scope1.1 These standard performance requirements es
3、tablish na-tionally recognized performance requirements for Class A(residential) and Class B (nonresidential) childs plastic chairsintended for outdoor use.1.2 These standard performance requirements are not appli-cable to chaises, multi-positional chairs, upholstered chairs, orother types of furnit
4、ure.1.3 These standard performance requirements cover theperformance of product regarding aspects of outdoor weather-ing, impact, static load, and rear leg testing.1.4 Products Manufactured from Recycled Plastics:1.4.1 Products may be manufactured from recycled plasticsas long as the performance req
5、uirements are met.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this
6、 standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 2565 Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outd
7、oor ApplicationsD 4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsG 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 childs plastic chair, nfor the purposes of theseprovisional per
8、formance requirements, a molded, upright pieceof furniture with or without arms, having a back in a fixedposition with no moving parts, intended for seating one child,and having a seat height not less than 9 in. (228 mm) and notgreater than 15 in. (381 mm); for a chair with arms, having aseat width
9、not less than 10 in. (254 mm) and not greater than16 in. (406 mm), and for a chair without arms, having a seatwidth not less than 10 in. (254 mm) and not greater than 16 in.(406 mm) (as shown in Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 DiscussionClass A (residential) childs plasticchairs are intended for outdoor use by the
10、customer around thehome.3.1.1.2 DiscussionClass B (nonresidential) childs plasticchairs are intended for outdoor use by the customer in all otherareas, including those defined as Class A.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests and criteria as outlined determine the overallusability and stability of chairs
11、in an environment simulatingthe conditions of use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.1 Smooth surfaces such as linoleum, wet pool decks,etc. The glass testing base (see Fig. 2) is used to simulate thissurface.4.2.2 Rough surfaces such as wooden decks, outdoor naturalsurfaces, etc. The plyw
12、ood testing base (see Fig. 3) is used tosimulate this surface.5. Apparatus5.1 Childs Plastic Chairs, which have been inspected andhave met a manufacturers internal quality standards.5.2 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag,96 0.1 in.(228 6 2 mm) in diameter, which shall be measured prior totesting
13、 to determine stretching, having a total measurement notto exceed 10 in. (254 mm), and filled with steel or lead shot(0.09 to 0.12 in. (2.3 to 3.0 mm) in diameter), to a total weightof 60 6 0.6 lb (27 6 0.3 kg). The bag shall be fitted with a1These standard performance requirements are under the jur
14、isdiction of ASTMCommittee F15 on Consumer Products and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F15.33 on Outdoor Plastic Lawn Furniture.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 183898.2For referenced AST
15、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
16、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.safety cable or other means to prevent it from hitting the glasstesting base but should not interfere with the test.5.3 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag described in 5.2; however, the weight is increased byaddition to the bag o
17、f 60 6 0.6 lb (27 6 0.3 kg) of either (1)additional steel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributedevenly on top of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 1206 1.2 lb (54 6 0.5 kg).5.4 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag described in 5.2; however, the weight is i
18、ncreased byaddition to the bag of 90 6 0.9 lb (41 6 0.4 kg) of either (1)additional steel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributedevenly on top of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 1506 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg).5.5 Glass Testing Base, as shown in Fig. 2.5.6 Plywood Testing Base, as sh
19、own in Fig. 3.6. Conditioning6.1 Precondition all chairs for a minimum of 48 h at 65 to75F (18 to 24C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 15 %, andtest subsequently under the same conditions.7. General Requirements7.1 All chairs meeting these standard performance require-ments shall be made from polyme
20、ric materials that meet therequirements for outdoor weathering given in Section 8 forClass A (residential) or Section 9 for Class B (nonresidential).7.2 Weatherability Test:7.2.1 Polymeric material used outdoors shall be exposed forweatherability using accelerated weathering chambers andshall retain
21、 at least 70 % of its original tensile strength.7.2.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal 0.125 60.01-in. (3.2 6 0.03-mm) thick Type 1 tensile test barsinjection molded from the same material used in finished chairsor tensile bars cut from finished parts, as described in TestMethod D 638.7.2.3 Te
22、nsile TestTest exposed and non-exposed (controlsamples) tensile bars, in accordance with Test Method D 638,at a testing rate of 2 in. (51 mm)/min.7.2.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to one ofthe following procedures: (1) 1000 h in accordance withProcedure B of Practice D 2565, using a Ty
23、pe B or BHxenon-arc apparatus; (2) 720 h in accordance with PracticeG 23, using a Type E carbon-arc weathering device; (3) 1000 hin accordance with Cycle A of Practice D 4329, using UVB-313 bulbs; or (4) 2000 h in accordance with Cycle A of PracticeD 4329, using UVA-340 bulbs. For Practice D 2565 or
24、 PracticeG 23, the test cycle shall consist of 102 min of light followedby 18 min of light and spray. For Practice D 4329, the testcycle shall consist of8hoflight followed by4hofdark withcondensation. If Practice G 23 is used, the blackbody tempera-ture shall be 145 6 5F (63 6 3C).NOTE 1(a) Seat hei
25、ght, chair with or without arms; (b) seat width,chair with arms; and (c) seat width, chair without arms; (d) leg stance,measured from back of front leg to back of rear leg.FIG. 1 Measurements of a ChairNOTE 1(A) Poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; (B) AC exterior
26、glue fir plywood sheet, 0.75 6 0.08in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness; (C) polypropylene microfoamsheet; 0.7 6 0.01-lb/ft3(11 6 0.2-kg/m3) density and 0.13 6 0.01-in. (36 0.03-mm) thickness; and (D) glass/tempered sheet, 0.38 6 0.04-in. (106 0.1-mm) thickness.NOTE 2(A), (B), (C), and (D) shal
27、l be roughly the same dimensions,48 in. (1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 2 Glass Testing BaseNOTE 1(A) Poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; and (B) AC exterior glue fir plywood sheet, 0.75 60.08 in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness.NOTE 2(A) and (B) shall be roughly
28、the same dimensions, 48 in.(1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 3 Plywood Testing BaseF 1838 98 (2004)e128. Test ProcedureClass A (Residential)8.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage sh
29、all not betested.8.2 Separate chairs may be used to conduct the tests listed in8.3-8.8 to comply with 11.1 and 11.2.8.3 Static Load Test No. 1:8.3.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 2)as near as possible to the center of the glass.8.3.2 Apply the 120 6 1.2-lb (54 6 0.5-kg) bag
30、at a speednot to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s to the geometrical center of theseat.8.3.3 Withdraw the weight from the seat after 10 6 1s.8.3.4 Allow 10 6 1 s of recovery time.8.3.5 Repeat the steps given in 8.3.2-8.3.4 eight additionaltimes.8.3.6 Repeat the step given in 8.3.2 one time, allowing theweigh
31、t to remain on the seat for 30 min 6 10 s, and thenwithdraw the weight from the seat.8.3.7 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.4 Static Load Test No. 2:8.4.1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (seeFig. 3) as near as possible to the center of the
32、plywood.8.4.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.3.2-8.3.7.8.5 Impact Test No. 1:8.5.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 2)as near as possible to the center of the glass.8.5.2 Position the 60 6 0.6-lb (27 6 0.3-kg) bag at a heightof 6 6 0.1 in. (152 6 2.5 mm) above the center of the ch
33、airseat, at rest.8.5.3 Allow the bag to free-fall onto the center of the chairseat.8.5.4 Repeat the steps given in 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 nine addi-tional times.8.5.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.6 Impact Test No. 2:8.6.1 Position the chair on the plywood te
34、sting base (seeFig. 3) as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.6.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.5.2-8.5.5.8.7 Rear Leg Test No. 1:8.7.1 Place the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 2) asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.7.2 Position the chair with the rear legs unrestrai
35、ned andthe front legs resting but not restrained on wooden blocks, ofwidth suitable to accommodate the chair legs.8.7.3 Height of the wooden blocks is determined by thedistance of leg stance (see Fig. 1).Leg Stance Block HeightUp to 11 in. (280 mm) 2.25 6 0.03 in. (57 6 0.6-mm)Over 11 in. (280 mm) 3
36、.0 6 0.03 in. (76 6 0.8 mm)8.7.4 Lower the 120 6 1.2-lb (54 6 0.5-kg) bag slowly ontothe front of the seat of the chair and, while supporting the backof the chair, slide the bag to the rear of the seat, to a positiontouching the back of the chair.8.7.5 Remove the load after 60 6 1s.8.7.6 Observe and
37、 report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.8 Rear Leg Test No. 2:8.8.1 Place the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3).8.8.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.7.2-8.7.6.9. Test ProcedureClass B (Nonresidential)9.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, frac
38、tures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.9.2 Separate chairs may be used to conduct the tests listed in9.4-9.9 to comply with 11.1 and 11.3.9.3 Weatherability Test:9.3.1 Repeat the steps given in 7.2.1-7.2.4.9.4 Static Load
39、 Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in8.3.1-8.3.7 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.9.5 Static Load Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.4.1and 8.4.2 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.9.6 Impact Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in 8.5.1-8.5.5using a drop height of 8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm)
40、.9.7 Impact Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.6.1 and8.6.2 using a drop height of 8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.8 Rear Leg Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in 8.7.1-8.7.6 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.9.9 Rear Leg Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.8.1and 8.8.2 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (6
41、8 6 0.7-kg) bag.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manufacturers name and manufacturing lot number,if available.10.1.2 Model name or model number, or both, if available.10.1.3 Date tested.10.1.4 Number of chairs tested.10.1.5 Initial observations (8.1 or 9.1).10.1.6 Dimensions (s
42、ee Fig. 1).10.1.7 Observations and noted structural damage, if any.10.2 For Class A (residential), also include the resultsobtained following the outdoor weathering test (7.2), staticload test No. 1 (8.3), static load test No. 2 (8.4), impact test No.1 (8.5), impact test No. 2 (8.6), rear leg test N
43、o. 1 (8.7), andrear leg test No. 2 (8.8) in the test report.10.3 For Class B (nonresidential), also include the resultsobtained following the outdoor weathering test (9.3), staticload test No. 1 (9.4), static load test No. 2 (9.5), impact test No.1 (9.6), impact test No. 2 (9.7), rear leg test No. 1
44、 (9.8), andrear leg test No. 2 (9.9) in the test report.11. Performance Criteria11.1 If the chair collapses at any point during the testingprocedure, it shall be reported as a failure, regardless ofwhether it recovers, and no further testing is required.11.2 Class A (Residential)There shall be no co
45、llapse orany visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 8.3-8.8.11.3 Class B (Nonresidential)There shall be no collapseor any visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,F 1838 98 (2004)e13fractures, o
46、r cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 9.4-9.9.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Insufficient data are currently available to determinethe interlaboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility of thesetest procedures. Following the publication of these standardperformance require
47、ments, it is expected that sufficient labo-ratories will become involved and a round robin will beinitiated.13. Keywords13.1 casual furniture; childs plastic chair; outdoor furni-ture; patio furniture; recycled plastics; resin furnitureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
48、any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to r
49、evision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, a
