1、Designation: F 1838 98 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Performance Requirements forChilds Plastic Chairs for Outdoor Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1838; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These standard performance requirements establish na-tionally recognized performance requirements for Class A(resi
3、dential) and Class B (nonresidential) childs plastic chairsintended for outdoor use.1.2 These standard performance requirements are not appli-cable to chaises, multi-positional chairs, upholstered chairs, orother types of furniture.1.3 These standard performance requirements cover theperformance of
4、product regarding aspects of outdoor weather-ing, impact, static load, and rear leg testing.1.4 Products Manufactured from Recycled Plastics:1.4.1 Products may be manufactured from recycled plasticsas long as the performance requirements are met.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be re
5、gardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the us
6、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tende
7、d for Outdoor ApplicationsD 4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsG23Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 childs plastic chair, nfor the purposes of theseprovisi
8、onal performance requirements, a molded, upright pieceof furniture with or without arms, having a back in a fixedposition with no moving parts, intended for seating one child,and having a seat height not less than 9 in. (228 mm) and notgreater than 15 in. (381 mm); for a chair with arms, having asea
9、t width not less than 10 in. (254 mm) and not greater than16 in. (406 mm), and for a chair without arms, having a seatwidth not less than 10 in. (254 mm) and not greater than 16 in.(406 mm) (as shown in Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 DiscussionClass A (residential) childs plasticchairs are intended for outdoor use
10、 by the customer around thehome.3.1.1.2 DiscussionClass B (nonresidential) childs plasticchairs are intended for outdoor use by the customer in all otherareas, including those defined as Class A.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests and criteria as outlined determine the overallusability and stability of
11、 chairs in an environment simulatingthe conditions of use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.1 Smooth surfaces such as linoleum, wet pool decks,etc. The glass testing base (see Fig. 2) is used to simulate thissurface.4.2.2 Rough surfaces such as wooden decks, outdoor naturalsurfaces, etc.
12、The plywood testing base (see Fig. 3) is used tosimulate this surface.5. Apparatus5.1 Childs Plastic Chairs, which have been inspected andhave met a manufacturers internal quality standards.5.2 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag,96 0.1 in.(228 6 2 mm) in diameter, which shall be measured prior t
13、o1These standard performance requirements are under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee F15 on Consumer Products and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F15.33 on Outdoor Plastic Lawn Furniture.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2004 as F 1838 98 (2004)1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdraw
15、n. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.testing to determine stretching, having a total measurement notto exceed 10 in. (254 mm), and fille
16、d with steel or lead shot(0.09 to 0.12 in. (2.3 to 3.0 mm) in diameter), to a total weightof 60 6 0.6 lb (27 6 0.3 kg). The bag shall be fitted with asafety cable or other means to prevent it from hitting the glasstesting base but should not interfere with the test.5.3 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Lea
17、ther Bag, identical tothe bag described in 5.2; however, the weight is increased byaddition to the bag of 60 6 0.6 lb (27 6 0.3 kg) of either (1)additional steel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributedevenly on top of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 1206 1.2 lb (54 6 0.5 kg).5.
18、4 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag described in 5.2; however, the weight is increased byaddition to the bag of 90 6 0.9 lb (41 6 0.4 kg) of either (1)additional steel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributedevenly on top of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight
19、 of 1506 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg).5.5 Glass Testing Base, as shown in Fig. 2.5.6 Plywood Testing Base, as shown in Fig. 3.6. Conditioning6.1 Precondition all chairs for a minimum of 48 h at 65 to75F (18 to 24C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 15 %, andtest subsequently under the same conditions.7. Gener
20、al Requirements7.1 All chairs meeting these standard performance require-ments shall be made from polymeric materials that meet therequirements for outdoor weathering given in Section 8 forClass A (residential) or Section 9 for Class B (nonresidential).7.2 Weatherability Test:7.2.1 Polymeric materia
21、l used outdoors shall be exposed forweatherability using accelerated weathering chambers andshall retain at least 70 % of its original tensile strength.7.2.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal 0.125 60.01-in. (3.2 6 0.03-mm) thick Type 1 tensile test barsinjection molded from the same material u
22、sed in finished chairsor tensile bars cut from finished parts, as described in TestMethod D 638.7.2.3 Tensile TestTest exposed and non-exposed (controlsamples) tensile bars, in accordance with Test Method D 638,at a testing rate of 2 in. (51 mm)/min.7.2.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to
23、 one ofthe following procedures: (1) 1000 h in accordance withProcedure B of Practice D 2565, using a Type B or BHxenon-arc apparatus; (2) 720 h in accordance with PracticeG23, using a Type E carbon-arc weathering device; (3) 1000 hin accordance with Cycle A of Practice D 4329, using UVB-313 bulbs;
24、or (4) 2000 h in accordance with CycleAof PracticeD 4329, using UVA-340 bulbs. For Practice D 2565 or PracticeG23, the test cycle shall consist of 102 min of light followedby 18 min of light and spray. For Practice D 4329, the testcycle shall consist of 8 h of light followed by 4 h of dark withNOTE(
25、a) Seat height, chair with or without arms; (b) seat width, chairwith arms; and (c) seat width, chair without arms; (d) leg stance, measuredfrom back of front leg to back of rear leg.FIG. 1 Measurements of a ChairNOTE 1(A) Poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; (B) A
26、C exterior glue fir plywood sheet, 0.75 6 0.08in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness; (C) polypropylene microfoamsheet; 0.7 6 0.01-lb/ft3(11 6 0.2-kg/m3) density and 0.13 6 0.01-in. (36 0.03-mm) thickness; and (D) glass/tempered sheet, 0.38 6 0.04-in. (106 0.1-mm) thickness.NOTE 2(A), (B), (C), a
27、nd (D) shall be roughly the same dimensions,48 in. (1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 2 Glass Testing BaseNOTE 1(A) Poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; and (B) AC exterior glue fir plywood sheet, 0.75 60.08 in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness.NOTE 2(A) and (B) shall
28、be roughly the same dimensions, 48 in.(1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 3 Plywood Testing BaseF 1838 98 (2008)2condensation. If Practice G23is used, the blackbody tempera-ture shall be 145 6 5F (63 6 3C).8. Test ProcedureClass A (Residential)8.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fra
29、ctures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.8.2 Separate chairs may be used to conduct the tests listed in8.3-8.8 to comply with 11.1 and 11.2.8.3 Static Load Test No. 1:8.3.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (see
30、 Fig. 2)as near as possible to the center of the glass.8.3.2 Apply the 120 6 1.2-lb (54 6 0.5-kg) bag at a speednot to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s to the geometrical center of theseat.8.3.3 Withdraw the weight from the seat after 10 6 1s.8.3.4 Allow 10 6 1 s of recovery time.8.3.5 Repeat the steps given
31、 in 8.3.2-8.3.4 eight additionaltimes.8.3.6 Repeat the step given in 8.3.2 one time, allowing theweight to remain on the seat for 30 min 6 10 s, and thenwithdraw the weight from the seat.8.3.7 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.4 Static Load Test No. 2:8.4.
32、1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (seeFig. 3) as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.4.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.3.2-8.3.7.8.5 Impact Test No. 1:8.5.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 2)as near as possible to the center of the glass.8.5.2 Position
33、 the 60 6 0.6-lb (27 6 0.3-kg) bag at a heightof 6 6 0.1 in. (152 6 2.5 mm) above the center of the chairseat, at rest.8.5.3 Allow the bag to free-fall onto the center of the chairseat.8.5.4 Repeat the steps given in 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 nine addi-tional times.8.5.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks,
34、 fractures, orother structural damage.8.6 Impact Test No. 2:8.6.1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (seeFig. 3) as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.6.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.5.2-8.5.5.8.7 Rear Leg Test No. 1:8.7.1 Place the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig.
35、2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.7.2 Position the chair with the rear legs unrestrained andthe front legs resting but not restrained on wooden blocks, ofwidth suitable to accommodate the chair legs.8.7.3 Height of the wooden blocks is determined by thedistance of leg stance (see Fig
36、. 1).Leg Stance Block HeightUp to 11 in. (280 mm) 2.25 6 0.03 in. (57 6 0.6-mm)Over 11 in. (280 mm) 3.0 6 0.03 in. (76 6 0.8 mm)8.7.4 Lower the 120 6 1.2-lb (54 6 0.5-kg) bag slowly ontothe front of the seat of the chair and, while supporting the backof the chair, slide the bag to the rear of the se
37、at, to a positiontouching the back of the chair.8.7.5 Remove the load after 60 6 1s.8.7.6 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.8 Rear Leg Test No. 2:8.8.1 Place the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3).8.8.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.7.2-8.7.6.9. Test
38、 ProcedureClass B (Nonresidential)9.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.9.2 Separate chairs may be used to conduct the tests listed in9.4-9.9 to comply w
39、ith 11.1 and 11.3.9.3 Weatherability Test:9.3.1 Repeat the steps given in 7.2.1-7.2.4.9.4 Static Load Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in8.3.1-8.3.7 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.9.5 Static Load Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.4.1and 8.4.2 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.9.6 Im
40、pact Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in 8.5.1-8.5.5using a drop height of 8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.7 Impact Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.6.1 and8.6.2 using a drop height of 8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.8 Rear Leg Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in 8.7.1-8.7.6 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68
41、6 0.7-kg) bag.9.9 Rear Leg Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.8.1and 8.8.2 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manufacturers name and manufacturing lot number,if available.10.1.2 Model name or model number, or both, if available.10.1.3 Dat
42、e tested.10.1.4 Number of chairs tested.10.1.5 Initial observations (8.1 or 9.1).10.1.6 Dimensions (see Fig. 1).10.1.7 Observations and noted structural damage, if any.10.2 For Class A (residential), also include the resultsobtained following the outdoor weathering test (7.2), staticload test No. 1
43、(8.3), static load test No. 2 (8.4), impact test No.1(8.5), impact test No. 2 (8.6), rear leg test No. 1 (8.7), andrear leg test No. 2 (8.8) in the test report.10.3 For Class B (nonresidential), also include the resultsobtained following the outdoor weathering test (9.3), staticload test No. 1 (9.4)
44、, static load test No. 2 (9.5), impact test No.1(9.6), impact test No. 2 (9.7), rear leg test No. 1 (9.8), andrear leg test No. 2 (9.9) in the test report.11. Performance Criteria11.1 If the chair collapses at any point during the testingprocedure, it shall be reported as a failure, regardless ofwhe
45、ther it recovers, and no further testing is required.F 1838 98 (2008)311.2 Class A (Residential)There shall be no collapse orany visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 8.3-8.8.11.3 Class B (Nonresidential)T
46、here shall be no collapseor any visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 9.4-9.9.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Insufficient data are currently available to determinethe interlaboratory and intralaboratory reprod
47、ucibility of thesetest procedures. Following the publication of these standardperformance requirements, it is expected that sufficient labo-ratories will become involved and a round robin will beinitiated.13. Keywords13.1 casual furniture; childs plastic chair; outdoor furni-ture; patio furniture; r
48、ecycled plastics; resin furnitureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof
49、 infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments hav
