1、Designation: F1838 18Standard Performance Requirements forChilds Plastic Chairs for Outdoor Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1838; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These standard performance requirements establish na-tionally recognized performance requirements for Class A(residential) and Class B
3、 (nonresidential) childs plastic chairsintended for outdoor use.1.2 These standard performance requirements are not appli-cable to chaises, multi-positional chairs, upholstered chairs, orother types of furniture.1.3 These standard performance requirements cover theperformance of product regarding as
4、pects of outdoorweathering, impact, static load, and rear leg testing.1.4 Products Manufactured from Recycled Plastics:1.4.1 Products may be manufactured from recycled plasticsas long as the performance requirements are met.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The
5、 values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
6、 establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Princ
7、iples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Pl
8、astics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-paratus Exposure of PlasticsG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions
9、:3.1.1 childs plastic chair, nfor the purposes of theseprovisional performance requirements, a molded, upright pieceof furniture with or without arms, having a back in a fixedposition with no moving parts, intended for seating one child,and having a seat height not less than 9 in. (228 mm) and notgr
10、eater than 15 in. (381 mm); for a chair with arms, having aseat width not less than 10 in. (254 mm) and not greater than16 in. (406 mm), and for a chair without arms, having a seatwidth not less than 10 in. (254 mm) and not greater than 16 in.(406 mm) (as shown in Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 DiscussionClass A (
11、residential) childs plasticchairs are intended for outdoor use by the customer around thehome.3.1.1.2 DiscussionClass B (nonresidential) childs plasticchairs are intended for outdoor use by the customer in all otherareas, including those defined as Class A.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests and criter
12、ia as outlined determine the overallusability and stability of chairs in an environment simulatingthe conditions of use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.1 Smooth surfaces such as linoleum, wet pool decks,etc. The glass testing base (see Fig. 2) is used to simulate thissurface.4.2.2 Rough
13、 surfaces such as wooden decks, outdoor naturalsurfaces, etc. The plywood testing base (see Fig. 3) is used tosimulate this surface.1These standard performance requirements are under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee F15 on Consumer Products and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F15.33 on
14、 Outdoor Plastic Lawn Furniture.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1838 98 (2008) which waswithdrawn in July 2017 and reinstated in June 2018. DOI: 10.1520/F1838-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
15、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM I
16、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standar
17、ds, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Apparatus5.1 Childs Plastic Chairs, which have been inspected andhave met a manufacturers internal quality standards.5.2 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, 9 6 0.1 in.(228 6 2 m
18、m) in diameter, which shall be measured prior totesting to determine stretching, having a total measurement notto exceed 10 in. (254 mm), and filled with steel or lead shot(0.09 to 0.12 in. (2.3 to 3.0 mm) in diameter), to a total weightof 60 6 0.6 lb (27 6 0.3 kg). The bag shall be fitted with asaf
19、ety cable or other means to prevent it from hitting the glasstesting base but should not interfere with the test.5.3 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag described in 5.2; however, the weight is increased byaddition to the bag of 60 6 0.6 lb (27 6 0.3 kg) of either (1)addition
20、al steel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributedevenly on top of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 1206 1.2 lb (54 6 0.5 kg).5.4 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag described in 5.2; however, the weight is increased byaddition to the bag of 90 6 0.9 lb (41
21、 6 0.4 kg) of either (1)additional steel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributedevenly on top of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 1506 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg).5.5 Glass Testing Base, as shown in Fig. 2.5.6 Plywood Testing Base, as shown in Fig. 3.6. Conditioning6.1 Precondition all
22、 chairs for a minimum of 48 h at 65 to75F (18 to 24C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 15 %, andtest subsequently under the same conditions.7. General Requirements7.1 All chairs meeting these standard performance require-ments shall be made from polymeric materials that meet therequirements for outdo
23、or weathering given in Section 8 forClass A (residential) or Section 9 for Class B (nonresidential).7.2 Weatherability Test:7.2.1 Polymeric material used outdoors shall be exposed forweatherability using accelerated weathering chambers andshall retain at least 70 % of its original tensile strength.7
24、.2.2 Specimens to be tested shall be normal 0.125 60.01-in. (3.2 6 0.03-mm) thick Type 1 tensile test barsinjection molded from the same material used in finished chairsor tensile bars cut from finished parts, as described in TestMethod D638.7.2.3 Tensile TestTest exposed and non-exposed (controlsam
25、ples) tensile bars, in accordance with Test Method D638,ata testing rate of 2 in. (51 mm)/min.7.2.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to one ofthe following procedures: (1) 1000 h in accordance withProcedure B of Practice D2565, using a Type B or BHNOTE 1(a) Seat height, chair with or withou
26、t arms; (b) seat width,chair with arms; and (c) seat width, chair without arms; (d) leg stance,measured from back of front leg to back of rear leg.FIG. 1 Measurements of a ChairNOTE 1(A) Poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; (B) AC exterior glue fir plywood sheet, 0
27、.75 6 0.08in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness; (C) polypropylene microfoamsheet; 0.7 6 0.01-lb/ft3(11 6 0.2-kg/m3) density and 0.13 6 0.01-in. (36 0.03-mm) thickness; and (D) glass/tempered sheet, 0.38 6 0.04-in. (106 0.1-mm) thickness.NOTE 2(A), (B), (C), and (D) shall be roughly the same dim
28、ensions,48 in. (1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 2 Glass Testing BaseNOTE 1(A) Poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 60.1-mm) thickness; and (B) AC exterior glue fir plywood sheet, 0.75 60.08 in. (19 6 0.2 mm) or greater in thickness.NOTE 2(A) and (B) shall be roughly the same dimensions, 48 i
29、n.(1219 mm) or greater.FIG. 3 Plywood Testing BaseF1838 182xenon-arc apparatus; (2) 720 h in accordance with PracticeG23, using a Type E carbon-arc weathering device; (3) 1000 hin accordance with CycleAof Practice D4329, using UVB-313bulbs; or (4) 2000 h in accordance with Cycle A of PracticeD4329,
30、using UVA-340 bulbs. For Practice D2565 or PracticeG23, the test cycle shall consist of 102 min of light followed by18 min of light and spray. For Practice D4329, the test cycleshall consist of8hoflight followed by4hofdark withcondensation. If Practice G23 is used, the blackbody tempera-ture shall b
31、e 145 6 5F (63 6 3C).8. Test ProcedureClass A (Residential)8.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.8.2 Separate chairs may be used to conduct the tests lis
32、ted in8.3 8.8 to comply with 11.1 and 11.2.8.3 Static Load Test No. 1:8.3.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 2)as near as possible to the center of the glass.8.3.2 Apply the 120 6 1.2-lb (54 6 0.5-kg) bag at a speednot to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s to the geometrical center of the
33、seat.8.3.3 Withdraw the weight from the seat after 10 6 1s.8.3.4 Allow 10 6 1 s of recovery time.8.3.5 Repeat the steps given in 8.3.2 8.3.4 eight additionaltimes.8.3.6 Repeat the step given in 8.3.2 one time, allowing theweight to remain on the seat for 30 min 6 10 s, and thenwithdraw the weight fr
34、om the seat.8.3.7 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.4 Static Load Test No. 2:8.4.1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (seeFig. 3) as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.4.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.3.2 8.3.7.8.5 Impact Test No. 1
35、:8.5.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 2)as near as possible to the center of the glass.8.5.2 Position the 60 6 0.6-lb (27 6 0.3-kg) bag at a heightof 6 6 0.1 in. (152 6 2.5 mm) above the center of the chairseat, at rest.8.5.3 Allow the bag to free-fall onto the center of the
36、chairseat.8.5.4 Repeat the steps given in 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 nine addi-tional times.8.5.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.6 Impact Test No. 2:8.6.1 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (seeFig. 3) as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8
37、.6.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.5.2 8.5.5.8.7 Rear Leg Test No. 1:8.7.1 Place the chair on the glass testing base (see Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.7.2 Position the chair with the rear legs unrestrained andthe front legs resting but not restrained on wooden blocks, ofwidth
38、 suitable to accommodate the chair legs.8.7.3 Height of the wooden blocks is determined by thedistance of leg stance (see Fig. 1).Leg Stance Block HeightUp to 11 in. (280 mm) 2.25 0.03 in. (57 0.6 mm)Over 11 in. (280 mm) 3.0 0.03 in. (76 0.8 mm)8.7.4 Lower the 120 6 1.2-lb (54 6 0.5-kg) bag slowly o
39、ntothe front of the seat of the chair and, while supporting the backof the chair, slide the bag to the rear of the seat, to a positiontouching the back of the chair.8.7.5 Remove the load after 60 6 1s.8.7.6 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.8 Rear Leg Test
40、 No. 2:8.8.1 Place the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3).8.8.2 Repeat the steps given in 8.7.2 8.7.6.9. Test ProcedureClass B (Nonresidential)9.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting s
41、tructural damage shall not betested.9.2 Separate chairs may be used to conduct the tests listed in9.4 9.9 to comply with 11.1 and 11.3.9.3 Weatherability Test:9.3.1 Repeat the steps given in 7.2.1 7.2.4.9.4 Static Load Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in 8.3.1 8.3.7 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg
42、) bag.9.5 Static Load Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.4.1and 8.4.2 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.9.6 Impact Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in 8.5.1 8.5.5 using a drop height of 8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.7 Impact Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.6.1 and8.6.2 using a drop heig
43、ht of 8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.8 Rear Leg Test No. 1Repeat the steps given in 8.7.1 8.7.6 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.9.9 Rear Leg Test No. 2Repeat the steps given in 8.8.1 and8.8.2 using a 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manufactu
44、rers name and manufacturing lot number,if available.10.1.2 Model name or model number, or both, if available.10.1.3 Date tested.10.1.4 Number of chairs tested.10.1.5 Initial observations (8.1 or 9.1).10.1.6 Dimensions (see Fig. 1).10.1.7 Observations and noted structural damage, if any.10.2 For Clas
45、s A (residential), also include the resultsobtained following the outdoor weathering test (7.2), staticload test No. 1 (8.3), static load test No. 2 (8.4), impact test No.F1838 1831(8.5), impact test No. 2 (8.6), rear leg test No. 1 (8.7), andrear leg test No. 2 (8.8) in the test report.10.3 For Cla
46、ss B (nonresidential), also include the resultsobtained following the outdoor weathering test (9.3), staticload test No. 1 (9.4), static load test No. 2 (9.5), impact test No.1(9.6), impact test No. 2 (9.7), rear leg test No. 1 (9.8), andrear leg test No. 2 (9.9) in the test report.11. Performance C
47、riteria11.1 If the chair collapses at any point during the testingprocedure, it shall be reported as a failure, regardless ofwhether it recovers, and no further testing is required.11.2 Class A (Residential)There shall be no collapse orany visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractur
48、es, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 8.3 8.8.11.3 Class B (Nonresidential)There shall be no collapseor any visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 9.4 9.9.12. Precision an
49、d Bias12.1 Insufficient data are currently available to determinethe interlaboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility of thesetest procedures. Following the publication of these standardperformance requirements, it is expected that sufficient labo-ratories will become involved and a round robin will beinitiated.13. Keywords13.1 casual furniture; childs plastic chair; outdoor furni-ture; patio furniture; recycled plastics; resin furnitureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent right
