1、Designation: F1847 98 (Reapproved 2012)F1847 14Standard Guide forDemonstrating Minimum SkillsTraining of Search andRescue Dogs and HandlersDog Crews or Teams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1847; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers voluntary uniform training guidelines for dogs and han
3、dlers who engage in search and rescue (SAR)activities throughout the Unites States.establishes the minimum standard for training of search dog crews or teams as it relates totheir general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities specific to their use in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations.1.2 Searc
4、h dog crews perform searches on the surface of the land, including in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, andon inland water bodies.1.3 This guide provides a minimum set of training goals against which SAR dog teams and organizations may voluntarilyevaluate their own training programs.does not
5、 include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fullycollapsed structures, confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), in mountainous terrain, in an alpineenvironment, or on the water.1.4 This guide provides a means of documenting a minimum s
6、tandard for those agencies who request SAR dog resources forSAR operations and require such documentation.does not provide a theoretical basis for how a search dog crew operates; ratherit describes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a search dog crew to function safely and eff
7、ectively.1.5 A search dog crew is able to respond into the field and back country to locate subjects in the wilderness environment.1.6 A search dog crew is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.1.7 Search dog crews are eligible to be members
8、of Type I and II SAR teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.1.7.1 Personnel trained in accordance with this guide may be members of Type I and II teams or crews of KindA(Wilderness),Kind B (Urban), Kind C (Mountainous), Kind D (Disaster/collapsed structure), Kind E (Inland water), Kind I
9、(Avalanche), andKind J (Evidence/human remains), and may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost theirinfrastructure.1.8 Local SAR dog handlers Further training may be required before a search dog crew can fully participate on a particular typeand parentkind organizatio
10、ns are responsible for testing and verification that individual resources meet or exceed theseguidelines.of team or crew, based on specific local need, regulations, or policies.1.9 Search dog crews shall work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the authority having jurisdiction (AH
11、J).1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced
12、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land SearchF1848 Classification for Search and Rescue Dog Crew/TeamsF1879 Guide for Demonstrating Obedience and Agility in Search and Rescue Dogs (Withdrawn 2014)31 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Re
13、scue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.02 on Management andOperations.Current edition approved June 1, 2012March 1, 2014. Published August 2012May 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 19982012 asF1847 - 98 (2005).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/F1847-98R12.10.
14、1520/F1847-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical
15、standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
16、recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1993 Cla
17、ssification System of Human Search and Rescue Resources (Withdrawn 2014)3F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team MemberF3029 Guide for Level I GPS Wilderness Navigator (GPS-IW) Endorsement (Withdrawn 2013)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 alertan in
18、dication by a dog that signals the handler that the targeted scent has been found.a characteristic change in asearch dogs ongoing behavior in response to a trained odor, as interpreted by the handler.3.1.2 bringselan object carried by the dog or handler that is retrieved or tugged on by the dog when
19、 the dog finds its target.3.1.3 refindhandleran action by a free-ranging dog that is initiated after the dog finds its target and results in the dogdirecting the handler back to the target.a person with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to control and direct a trained search dog.3.1.4 returnan ac
20、tion of a free-ranging dog that brings the dog back to its handler after finding its target.3.1.4 scent articlesearch dog crew or teaman object used by search personnel to familiarize a dog with the scent of asubject.a single operational resource utilized in SAR operations, typically consisting of o
21、ne human handler and one dog trainedto search for live humans, human remains, and human possessions. A search dog team or crew may also include a support person.3.2 Other terminology included in this guide may be found in Classification F1848, Guide F1633, and Guide F2209.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This
22、 guide provides dog handlers, units and organizations in differing locales with the ability to understand and replicateskills and training required to meet these minimum guidelines.4.2 This guide identifies a minimum set of skills that will help establish the mission readiness of a search dog crew4
23、for searchand rescue operations.4.3 The dog and handler skills demonstrate the crews abilities to estimate probabilities of detection.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide may be used by units, handlers, and requesting agencies when evaluating dog resources or as a basis forestablishing local minimu
24、m performance guidelines or standards. All or a subst of this guide may be utilized.5.2 Agencies and organizations who have responsibility for search and rescue operations may use this guide as a basis fordeveloping standardized testing and certification of search dog resources.5.3 This guide does n
25、ot provide a theoretical basis for how a search dog crew works, rather it describes the minimum resultsdesired. Definitions that are referenced are provided to develop consistency in interpretation.5.4 Each dog team, unit or organization wishing to use this guide has the responsibility of managing a
26、nd administering it. Unitsmay wish to use evaluators from other units or organizations, or, request assistance in obtaining qualified evaluators fromorganizations such as the SAR Dog Section of the National Association of Search and Rescue (NASAR). This decision however,rests solely with the individ
27、ual team or organization. The method of evaluation is also entirely at the discretion of each user of thisguide.4. Dog Skills Significance and Use4.1 Obedience and Agility Skills: This guide establishes a minimum standard for the training of search dog crews as it relatesto their general and field k
28、nowledge, skills, and abilities specific to their use in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations.6.1.1 Dogs used in SAR operations should posses an acceptable level of agility and obedience skills such as those listed inGuide F1879.6.1.2 Obedience skills should ensure that the SAR dog will be under the c
29、ontrol of the handler in a manner that allows the dogto participate in SAR operations without interfering with other search resources.6.1.3 Agility skills should ensure the dogs ability to traverse obstacles and terrain that may be present during SAR operations.6.1.4 The sufficiency of a dogs agilit
30、y and obedience skills should be at the discretion of the agency having jurisdiction oversearch and rescue operations.4.2 All search dog crews shall meet the requirements of this guide.4.3 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.4.4 Though this
31、guide establishes minimum standards, it does not imply that a search dog crew that meets the requirements ofthis guide is a trainee, probationary, or other similar term member of an AHJ.4.5 This guide does not stand alone and shall be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific inform
32、ation neededby a dog crew or an AHJ.F1847 1424.6 Communication Skills: This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topicsnecessary for training a search dog crew. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meetsthe
33、 requirements of this guide.6.2.1 The dog should be able to indicate that it has detected the object of its search. This indication may be in the form of aclassic physical alert such as a bark, whine, jump or capture of bringsel, or, in some other predetermined response that is knownand can be descr
34、ibed by the handler.6.2.2 The dog, on command, should be able to leave a person found in order to search for additional subjects.6.2.3 Upon finding the subject of a search, the dog should be able to execute a refind.4.7 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a sea
35、rch dog crew and may be used as a referencein the development of a training document or program.4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a trainingsequence.4.9 The AHJ is responsible for determining the best way to evaluate a
36、 persons knowledge. This may be by written exam, oralexam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.4.10 Working Skills: Skills and abilities shall be documented by completion of task book requirements or by field demonstrationunder qualified supervision in accordance with AHJ policies and
37、 procedures.6.3.1 Dogs should be able to work for a set duration of time without a break while maintaining optimum performance. Anacceptable duration of work should be established jointly by the agency or organization utilizing these guidelines and the doghandler.6.3.2 The dog must be able to work b
38、oth during day and night and under weather and terrain conditions specified by the agencywho will use the resource.6.3.3 The dog should be under the control of the handler at all times and in a manner consistent with local conditions.6.3.4 The dog should have the ability to be easily transported by
39、means common to the working environment in which it willbe used. This may include the back of a pick-up truck, aircraft, watercraft, snowmobile, ski-lift,ATV, or a raising or lowing systemin harness. The applicable means of transportation should be determined by the agency or organization utilizing
40、the resource.5. Handler Skills Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities5.1 It is recommended that dog handlers acquire basic search and rescue skills when possible through a local and national orstate affiliated, search and rescue organization. Affiliation with local SAR organizations ensures that handler s
41、kills are appropriatefor local conditions and achieves a level of familiarityThe handler shall meet the requirements of Guide F2209among all partiesengaged in SAR operations5.2 The handler shall be endorsed as a Level I GPS Wilderness Navigator (GPS-IW).5.3 Basic SAR Skills: The handler shall demons
42、trate that he or she is equipped with at least the minimum personal equipmentrequired by the AHJ to operate in the field as a SAR dog handler.7.2.1 First Aid/Survival/Safety Skills:7.2.1.1 The handler should demonstrate an acceptable level of training and performance of both human and canine first a
43、id.Acceptable levels of performance should mimic the standard of care in the local community where the dog handler will work.7.2.1.2 A handler should have the knowledge and ability to sustain themselves AND a lost person for at least 24 h withequipment they normally carry.7.2.1.3 A handler should th
44、e knowledge and ability to evaluate hazards, select safe routes and follow safe procedures withintheir assigned working environment.This could include knowledge such as an awareness of avalanche potential, the use of flotationdevices during water searches, the use of latex gloves in first aid or the
45、 preservation of evidence in cadaver searching, etc.7.2.2 Land NavigationThe handler should with the aid of map and compass, be able to determine their location both duringday and night, directing others to their location and find the best route of travel to a given location and for segmenting searc
46、h areas.7.2.3 Communication SkillsThe handler should have the ability to use proper local agency radio protocols in radiocommunications and the ability to use available communications equipment properly.5.4 The handler shall have successfully completed, and shall maintain currency in, a canine first
47、 aid course, as required by theAHJ.5.5 The handler shall demonstrate the ability to keep clear and accurate mission and training logs, as required by the AHJ.5.6 The handler shall demonstrate the ability to collect and preserve scent articles for search work.5.7 The handler shall have the physical c
48、apacity and agility to safely and effectively search:5.7.1 In the terrain and environmental conditions found within the search dog crews normal area of operations, and5.7.2 For periods of time appropriate to the search type and area.5.8 The handler shall demonstrate the ability to perform a thorough
49、 risk assessment before beginning to search. This assessmentshall take into consideration applicable and appropriate national, federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards.F1847 1435.9 Search Management Skills: The handler shall demonstrate an understanding of the conditions that affect the ability of thedog crew to effectively complete their assigned task. These conditions include:5.9.1 The handler should be able to work with each resource under the incident command system.dog and handlers physicalcondition, and5.9.2 The handler should be able to
